无线AD HOC网络路由协议比较研究
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摘要
Ad Hoc网络是由一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的一个无线移动通信网络，它不依赖于预设的基础设施而临时组建，网络的移动节点利用自身的无线收发设备交换信息，当相互之间不在通信范围内时，可以借助其他中间节点中继来实现通信。可广泛应用于军事、传感器网络、抢险救灾、应对突发事件等无法得到有线网络支持或临时需要通信的环境。
本文首先简要介绍了Ad Hoc网络的发展与现状，分析了其特点和体系结构。然后对多种用于Ad Hoc网络的路由协议进行分析比较，得出采用AODV、DSR、TORA路由协议作为本理论的仿真路由协议。
本文在群集智能的基础上，提出基于生存力发散和收敛的两种均匀分布理论模型。还对OPNET仿真软件的特点进行了简单介绍，并分别在节点采取匀速率和变速率、节点数目变化情况下，利用OPNET软件仿真得出何种理论模型、何种速率、多少节点数目采用何种路由最优实现，并为以后实际系统的设计与应用提供参考算法、参考模型和参考数据。
The Ad Hoc Networks is a wireless mobile communication network with a set of mobile nodes with wireless sending and receiving device, which is set up temporarily without depending on the preset basic facilities. The mobile node of the network utilizes its own wireless sending and receiving device to exchange information. When each other of the nodes are not within the range of communication, they can realize communication with the aid of the relay of some middle nodes. The Ad Hoc Networks can be widely used in military affairs, sensor networks, rescue and relief work and accidents etc. which can not be served by the network or need communication temporarily.
Here, the development of the Ad Hoc Networks and current situation is introduced and its characteristics and system structures are analyzed first. Then, many kinds of network route protocols which can be used in Ad Hoc Networks are compared and analyzed. Finally, it is determined that the simulating route protocols of this theory are AODV, DSR, TORA route protocols.
On the basis of swarm Intelligence, two kinds of even distribution theory models are put forward, which are based on the divergent and convergent viability. A simple introduction has also been carried on to the characteristics of the OPNET software. On the case of the tests of uniform speed and variable speed and the changeable number on the nodes, it can be drawn the conclusion that what kind of the route can be realized optimumly by which kind of model, rate and how many nodes using OPNET software and offers the consulted arithmetic, models and datum for the later design and application of the real system.
本文首先简要介绍了Ad Hoc网络的发展与现状，分析了其特点和体系结构。然后对多种用于Ad Hoc网络的路由协议进行分析比较，得出采用AODV、DSR、TORA路由协议作为本理论的仿真路由协议。
本文在群集智能的基础上，提出基于生存力发散和收敛的两种均匀分布理论模型。还对OPNET仿真软件的特点进行了简单介绍，并分别在节点采取匀速率和变速率、节点数目变化情况下，利用OPNET软件仿真得出何种理论模型、何种速率、多少节点数目采用何种路由最优实现，并为以后实际系统的设计与应用提供参考算法、参考模型和参考数据。
The Ad Hoc Networks is a wireless mobile communication network with a set of mobile nodes with wireless sending and receiving device, which is set up temporarily without depending on the preset basic facilities. The mobile node of the network utilizes its own wireless sending and receiving device to exchange information. When each other of the nodes are not within the range of communication, they can realize communication with the aid of the relay of some middle nodes. The Ad Hoc Networks can be widely used in military affairs, sensor networks, rescue and relief work and accidents etc. which can not be served by the network or need communication temporarily.
Here, the development of the Ad Hoc Networks and current situation is introduced and its characteristics and system structures are analyzed first. Then, many kinds of network route protocols which can be used in Ad Hoc Networks are compared and analyzed. Finally, it is determined that the simulating route protocols of this theory are AODV, DSR, TORA route protocols.
On the basis of swarm Intelligence, two kinds of even distribution theory models are put forward, which are based on the divergent and convergent viability. A simple introduction has also been carried on to the characteristics of the OPNET software. On the case of the tests of uniform speed and variable speed and the changeable number on the nodes, it can be drawn the conclusion that what kind of the route can be realized optimumly by which kind of model, rate and how many nodes using OPNET software and offers the consulted arithmetic, models and datum for the later design and application of the real system.
引文
[1] http://www.itgoal.net/forumdisplay.php?fid=400.
[2] James A.Freebersyser, Barry Leiner, A DoD perspective on mobile ad hoc networks,in:Charles E.Perkins(Ed.),Ad Hoc Networking,Addison Wesley, Reading, MA.2001,29-51P.
[3] 郑少仁，王海涛，赵志峰等．Ad Hoc网络技术．北京：人民邮电出版社．2005：1页；64-80页
[4] B.Leiner, R.Ruth,A.R.Sastry, Goals and challenges of the DARPA GloMo program,IEEE Personal Communications 3(6)(1996)34-43P.
[5] 曹英烈．移动Ad hoc网络路由算法研究．华南理工大学博士论文．2006：2-4页
[6] 明阳阳，刘辉．AD HOC网络管理综述．山西电子技术．2006(5)：53-54页
[7] http://www.paperdown.net/paper/Computer/Network/20070406/522252.html
[8] 董芳．Ad Hoc网络层协议的设计与仿真．浙江大学硕士论文．2005：55-58页
[9] 葛文英．Ad Hoc网络的按需路由研究．软件技术研究．2006(8)：41-43页
[10] 王申涛，谭小容．移动Ad Hoc网络技术分析．传感器世界．2006(7)：35-36页
[11] 柯敏毅，．新型无线移动Ad Hoc网络．软件开发实务．2006(8)：85页
[12] 刘元安，唐碧华，胡月梅．Ad hoc网络中的路由算法．北京邮电大学学报．2004,27(2)：1-7页
[13] 胡罡．Ad Hoc路出协议的仿真及优化技术．国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文．2004：11-12页
[14] 葛文英．Ad Hoc网络中表驱动和按需路出的比较与仿真．安阳师范学院学报．2006：5-47页
[15] 杨鹏．Ad hoc网络QoS路由协议的设计及实现．武汉理工大学硕士学位论文．2006：9-13页
[16] 米志超，郑少仁．Ad hoc网络技术讲座第2讲Ad hoc网络中的路由选择问题．中国数据通信．2003，1：82-85页
[17] 杨晓玲．无线Mesh网络中路由协议的研究．西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文．2007：16-18页
[18] 陈林星，曾曦等．移动Ad Hoc网络北京：电子工业出版社．2006：210-302页
[19] Matthias Grossglauser, Dacid Tse, "Mobile Increases the Capacity of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", IEEE/ACM Transactions on, Volume: 10, Issue:4, Aug. 2002.
[20] Vincent D. Park and M. Scott Corson. Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) version 1: Functional specification. Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec -OO.txt, November 1997. Work in progress.
[21] http://www.cnttr.com/53094/viewspace 5834.html
[22] 陈敏．OPNET网络仿真北京：清华大学出版社．2004：9-10页
[23] 石怀伟，李明生，王少华．网络仿真技术与OPNET应用实践．计算机系统应用．2006(3)：49-50页
[24] 石怀伟，王华，张念军等．OPNET网络仿真技术及其应用分析．计算机工程与设计．2006，7(17)：3309-3310页
[25] 李馨，叶明．OPNET Modeler网络建模与仿真．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2005：32-112页；257-303页
[26] IETF-Working-Group, "MANET: Mobile Ad hoc Networks,"www.ietf.org/html.-charters/manet charter.html.
[27] 周鑫，龙华，胡浩，何照超．Ad Hoc按需路由协议的仿真与性能分析．山西电子技术．2006(4)：79-81页
[28] Reynolds C W. Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model [A]. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'87 [C], Computer Graphics, 1987. 21(4).
[29] 周登勇，戴汝为．适应性行为与仿真．系统仿真学报．2000，6(12)：578-583页
[30] Deneubourg J L, Aron S, Goss S, Pasteels J -M, Duerinck G. Random behavior, amplification process and number of participants:how they contribute to the foraging properties of ants. Physica D22, 1986: 176-186P.
[31] Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Inspiration for optimization from social insect behaviour. Nature, 2000, 406(6): 39-42P.
[32] Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems [M]. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999.
[33] Eberhart R C, Shi Y. Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources [A]. Proc. 2001 Congress Evolutionary Computation [C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2001: 81-86P.
[34] Kennedy J, Eberhart R C, Shi Y. Swarm intelligence [M]. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001.
[35] 韩星晔，陈刚，朱诗兵．基于OPNET软件的动态源路由协议仿真实现．IP技术．2004(12)：62-63页
[36] IETF Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) Working Group http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html
[37] 陈林星，曹毅等．移动Ad Hoc网络——自组织分组无线网络技术．北京：电子工业出版社．2006(4)：310-320页；340-350页
[38] 陈万寿．无线Internet技术．北京：人民邮电出版社．2006，2：249-250页
[39] 刘化君．计算机网络原理与技术．北京：电子工业出版社．2005，7：160-165页
[40] 于宏毅．无线移动自组织网．北京：人民邮电出版社．2005：187-196页
[41] 于文博，张金文．OPNET Modeler与网络仿真．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003：224-239页
[2] James A.Freebersyser, Barry Leiner, A DoD perspective on mobile ad hoc networks,in:Charles E.Perkins(Ed.),Ad Hoc Networking,Addison Wesley, Reading, MA.2001,29-51P.
[3] 郑少仁，王海涛，赵志峰等．Ad Hoc网络技术．北京：人民邮电出版社．2005：1页；64-80页
[4] B.Leiner, R.Ruth,A.R.Sastry, Goals and challenges of the DARPA GloMo program,IEEE Personal Communications 3(6)(1996)34-43P.
[5] 曹英烈．移动Ad hoc网络路由算法研究．华南理工大学博士论文．2006：2-4页
[6] 明阳阳，刘辉．AD HOC网络管理综述．山西电子技术．2006(5)：53-54页
[7] http://www.paperdown.net/paper/Computer/Network/20070406/522252.html
[8] 董芳．Ad Hoc网络层协议的设计与仿真．浙江大学硕士论文．2005：55-58页
[9] 葛文英．Ad Hoc网络的按需路由研究．软件技术研究．2006(8)：41-43页
[10] 王申涛，谭小容．移动Ad Hoc网络技术分析．传感器世界．2006(7)：35-36页
[11] 柯敏毅，．新型无线移动Ad Hoc网络．软件开发实务．2006(8)：85页
[12] 刘元安，唐碧华，胡月梅．Ad hoc网络中的路由算法．北京邮电大学学报．2004,27(2)：1-7页
[13] 胡罡．Ad Hoc路出协议的仿真及优化技术．国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文．2004：11-12页
[14] 葛文英．Ad Hoc网络中表驱动和按需路出的比较与仿真．安阳师范学院学报．2006：5-47页
[15] 杨鹏．Ad hoc网络QoS路由协议的设计及实现．武汉理工大学硕士学位论文．2006：9-13页
[16] 米志超，郑少仁．Ad hoc网络技术讲座第2讲Ad hoc网络中的路由选择问题．中国数据通信．2003，1：82-85页
[17] 杨晓玲．无线Mesh网络中路由协议的研究．西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文．2007：16-18页
[18] 陈林星，曾曦等．移动Ad Hoc网络北京：电子工业出版社．2006：210-302页
[19] Matthias Grossglauser, Dacid Tse, "Mobile Increases the Capacity of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", IEEE/ACM Transactions on, Volume: 10, Issue:4, Aug. 2002.
[20] Vincent D. Park and M. Scott Corson. Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) version 1: Functional specification. Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec -OO.txt, November 1997. Work in progress.
[21] http://www.cnttr.com/53094/viewspace 5834.html
[22] 陈敏．OPNET网络仿真北京：清华大学出版社．2004：9-10页
[23] 石怀伟，李明生，王少华．网络仿真技术与OPNET应用实践．计算机系统应用．2006(3)：49-50页
[24] 石怀伟，王华，张念军等．OPNET网络仿真技术及其应用分析．计算机工程与设计．2006，7(17)：3309-3310页
[25] 李馨，叶明．OPNET Modeler网络建模与仿真．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2005：32-112页；257-303页
[26] IETF-Working-Group, "MANET: Mobile Ad hoc Networks,"www.ietf.org/html.-charters/manet charter.html.
[27] 周鑫，龙华，胡浩，何照超．Ad Hoc按需路由协议的仿真与性能分析．山西电子技术．2006(4)：79-81页
[28] Reynolds C W. Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model [A]. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'87 [C], Computer Graphics, 1987. 21(4).
[29] 周登勇，戴汝为．适应性行为与仿真．系统仿真学报．2000，6(12)：578-583页
[30] Deneubourg J L, Aron S, Goss S, Pasteels J -M, Duerinck G. Random behavior, amplification process and number of participants:how they contribute to the foraging properties of ants. Physica D22, 1986: 176-186P.
[31] Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Inspiration for optimization from social insect behaviour. Nature, 2000, 406(6): 39-42P.
[32] Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems [M]. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999.
[33] Eberhart R C, Shi Y. Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources [A]. Proc. 2001 Congress Evolutionary Computation [C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2001: 81-86P.
[34] Kennedy J, Eberhart R C, Shi Y. Swarm intelligence [M]. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001.
[35] 韩星晔，陈刚，朱诗兵．基于OPNET软件的动态源路由协议仿真实现．IP技术．2004(12)：62-63页
[36] IETF Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) Working Group http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html
[37] 陈林星，曹毅等．移动Ad Hoc网络——自组织分组无线网络技术．北京：电子工业出版社．2006(4)：310-320页；340-350页
[38] 陈万寿．无线Internet技术．北京：人民邮电出版社．2006，2：249-250页
[39] 刘化君．计算机网络原理与技术．北京：电子工业出版社．2005，7：160-165页
[40] 于宏毅．无线移动自组织网．北京：人民邮电出版社．2005：187-196页
[41] 于文博，张金文．OPNET Modeler与网络仿真．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003：224-239页