无线分组通信系统跨层模型研究
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摘要
全球移动通信和互联网的兴起,使得宽带化、个人化、分组化成为大势所趋。如何在宽带无线分组移动网络中提供更多丰富可靠的多媒体业务,如:数据业务、流媒体业务、视音频广播业务、VoIP业务等等,成为无线移动通信领域内的研究热点。本论文正是在国家“十五”863计划重大课题“新一代蜂窝移动通信系统无线传输链路技术研究(2001AA123014)”、“TDD系统高层协议、自适应链路和编译码设计与实现”(编号2003AA12331005)和国家自然科学基金重大项目“未来移动通信系统基础理论与技术研究”子课题“基于MIMO-OFDM系统的空中接口自适应技术研究(60496310)”的资助下,针对无线分组通信系统中的若干问题,如多载波多业务的QoS保障、多天线多载波多业务的QoS保障、多用户多业务的QoS保障以及支持无线移动的高效TCP/IP协议栈架构等进行了研究。全文研究共分为六部分。
第一部分分析了用户评价体系。论文讨论了用户侧对通信过程的观察与体验,提炼出四个评价指标,并根据用户对业务体验差别,提出四种评价函数。用户评价最大化是综合用户对各类业务的评价过程,对通信系统的参数和结构调整具有指导意义。最后讨论了跨层优化的一般准则。
第二部分分析了单用户多载波多业务系统的跨层优化问题。在确定此类问题的约束条件后,一般是业务QoS约束和空口资源约束,以用户评价最大化为优化目标,推导资源分配算法。根据空口资源的差异性,证明了最佳信道分配给最紧迫分组算法在资源利用上的最优性。根据上述算法,调度以用户评价的最大化为目标,对各个业务分组实时进行资源调配,从而最终使得用户评价最大化,即也保障了业务的QoS。
第三部分分析了单用户多载波多天线多业务系统的跨层优化问题,以OSTBC-OFDM系统为实例进行了深入研究。分析了OSTBC的分集增益与信道矩阵的F范数的关系;同时根据数据链路层的时延特性分析,获取业务分组的权重,并根据业务分组的权重推导业务分组的PSR需求;结合上述信道矩阵增益和PSR需求,同时遵循第二部分中所论述的多载波分配准则,以用户评价最大化为目标进行资源调度,进而保障用户业务的QoS。
第四部分扩展了第三部分的结论,考虑多用户场景,并将空口资源定义为多维空间,不限定于时、频、空域范围内,只约定资源空间为正交的结构固定的多维空间。以多用户评价平均值最大化为优化准则,即MUER准则,在策略控制约束下,设计实现两级调度框架,第一级为用户的业务分组调度,第二级为多用户间的业务分组调度。以策略控制影响多用户评价的平均值,使得调度器在多用户之间在资源争用时具有偏向性的选择,进而平衡用户的公平性和业务的QoS保障,最终达到多用户评价平均值最大化。
第五部分分析了TCP/IP协议栈架构,提出了支持无线移动的高效跨层空口协议栈架构。该协议栈架构采用跨层思想,创新性地提出了移动链路(ML)和镜像TCP(mTCP)的概念,使得空口的数据链路层与IP层和TCP层密切配合,借助PID的设计,以有线网络增加很少的负荷为代价,避免了IP分组在HA到FA间的隧道传输,优化了移动IP的时延特性。借助ML的信令,mTCP镜像维护移动节点TCP状态信息,进而可以过滤掉所有的TCP确认报文段,并且在TCP报文段需要重传时,mTCP和ML配合,可以只将相应的DLL层PDU或者IP层分组进行重传,从而节省空中接口资源和有线网络资源。
第六部分是全文总结与展望。对今后跨层领域的发展提出了若干建设性的思路和方法,如用户策略方面的研究、部分信息下的跨层优化以及异构网络下的跨层优化等。
Global mobile communications and the rise of the Internet, making broadband, personal, and packet have become the trend of the times. How to provide more abundant and reliable multimedia services such as: data services, streaming media, video and audio broadcasting, VoIP, and so on, in the broadband wireless mobile networks is become research focus in wireless mobile communications areas. Our work is supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2001AA123014, No.2003AA12331005 and National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60496310. Regarding to some issues in wireless packet communications systems, such as multi-carrier multi-service QoS guaranteed, multi-antenna of the multi-carrier multi-service QoS guaranteed, multi-user multi-service QoS guaranteed and support of wireless mobile efficient TCP / IP protocol stack structure, we make an in-depth studies. In this dissertation, there are five parts.
In first part, we analyse the user evaluation system, extracting four evaluation indexes for the communications process of observation and experience on the user side. And in accordance with the user experience on the services differences, a four evaluation functions are proposed. User evaluation function maximization is a mixed process of evaluating varies traffics, and it is the general guidelines for cross-layer optimization on parameters and structures adjustment.
In part II, we analyze the single-user multi-carrier multi-service system of cross-layer optimization problem. In determining such issues constraints, generally the service QoS constraints and resource constraints, maximizing the user evaluation function is the optimal objective. the allocation of resources derived algorithm. According to the differences of air interface resources, the best channel allocated to the most emergent packet algorithm is the optimal utilization of resources. According to the algorithm, the system schedules the packet to vary traffics based on user evaluation function,. It eventually allows user to maximize evaluation, and also protects the service QoS.
In part III, we analyze the single-user multi-carrier multi-antenna multi-service system of cross-layer optimization problem regard to an OSTBC-OFDM system as a instance. Based on analyzing the relationship between OSTBC diversity gain and channel marix F norm, ans also the analyzing the latency characters, we design a kind of weight measurement for traffic packet. According to the weight of traffic packet, the requirement of each packet PSR is derived. Followed by the criteria in the second part, considering the channel matrix gain and the requirement of the packet PSR, the system can schedule the resource with maximizting the user evaluation function and also with serices QoS guaranteed.
In part IV, we extend the theory of the third part, with considering multi-user scenario and defining the air interface resource as an multi-dimensional spaces without constraining on time, frequency and space. We design a two-stage scheduling structure under the restraints of the control strategy aiming to maximize the multi-user average evaluation function which named MUER criteria. The first-stage is user packet scheduling. The second-stage is inter-user scheduling. Control strategy affects multi-user evaluation function. It makes inter-user scheduling biasess when there is the competition existed among users. It can protect the users’balance and fairness with maximzing the users’average evaluation function and also with service QoS guaranteed.
In part V, we analyze the structure of the traditional TCP/IP protocol stack, and propose an effective cross-layer air interface protocol stack for supporting mobile wireless communicating. The protocol stack for cross-layer ideas, put forward innovative mobile links (ML) and the concept of mirror TCP (mTCP), making the data link layer and the TCP/IP layer close coordination in air interface. With the PID designed, by increasing a few cable network’s load as the cost, it avoids the HA to the FA tunnel transmission, reduce the delay on mobile IP layer. By ML signaling, mTCP maintains the MN’s TCP windows state. It help the mTCP filters most of reverse TCP-ACK messages. And also, when TCP need retransmission, mTCP can retransmit the related packet but not the integrated TCP packet by cooperation with ML layer. It can save a volume of air interface resource.
Part VI is the full text of summary and prospects. On the future developments in the field of cross-layer, we show a number of constructive ideas and methods, such as user strategy, the cross-layer optimization under partial channel information and heterogeneous network of cross-layer optimization.
第一部分分析了用户评价体系。论文讨论了用户侧对通信过程的观察与体验,提炼出四个评价指标,并根据用户对业务体验差别,提出四种评价函数。用户评价最大化是综合用户对各类业务的评价过程,对通信系统的参数和结构调整具有指导意义。最后讨论了跨层优化的一般准则。
第二部分分析了单用户多载波多业务系统的跨层优化问题。在确定此类问题的约束条件后,一般是业务QoS约束和空口资源约束,以用户评价最大化为优化目标,推导资源分配算法。根据空口资源的差异性,证明了最佳信道分配给最紧迫分组算法在资源利用上的最优性。根据上述算法,调度以用户评价的最大化为目标,对各个业务分组实时进行资源调配,从而最终使得用户评价最大化,即也保障了业务的QoS。
第三部分分析了单用户多载波多天线多业务系统的跨层优化问题,以OSTBC-OFDM系统为实例进行了深入研究。分析了OSTBC的分集增益与信道矩阵的F范数的关系;同时根据数据链路层的时延特性分析,获取业务分组的权重,并根据业务分组的权重推导业务分组的PSR需求;结合上述信道矩阵增益和PSR需求,同时遵循第二部分中所论述的多载波分配准则,以用户评价最大化为目标进行资源调度,进而保障用户业务的QoS。
第四部分扩展了第三部分的结论,考虑多用户场景,并将空口资源定义为多维空间,不限定于时、频、空域范围内,只约定资源空间为正交的结构固定的多维空间。以多用户评价平均值最大化为优化准则,即MUER准则,在策略控制约束下,设计实现两级调度框架,第一级为用户的业务分组调度,第二级为多用户间的业务分组调度。以策略控制影响多用户评价的平均值,使得调度器在多用户之间在资源争用时具有偏向性的选择,进而平衡用户的公平性和业务的QoS保障,最终达到多用户评价平均值最大化。
第五部分分析了TCP/IP协议栈架构,提出了支持无线移动的高效跨层空口协议栈架构。该协议栈架构采用跨层思想,创新性地提出了移动链路(ML)和镜像TCP(mTCP)的概念,使得空口的数据链路层与IP层和TCP层密切配合,借助PID的设计,以有线网络增加很少的负荷为代价,避免了IP分组在HA到FA间的隧道传输,优化了移动IP的时延特性。借助ML的信令,mTCP镜像维护移动节点TCP状态信息,进而可以过滤掉所有的TCP确认报文段,并且在TCP报文段需要重传时,mTCP和ML配合,可以只将相应的DLL层PDU或者IP层分组进行重传,从而节省空中接口资源和有线网络资源。
第六部分是全文总结与展望。对今后跨层领域的发展提出了若干建设性的思路和方法,如用户策略方面的研究、部分信息下的跨层优化以及异构网络下的跨层优化等。
Global mobile communications and the rise of the Internet, making broadband, personal, and packet have become the trend of the times. How to provide more abundant and reliable multimedia services such as: data services, streaming media, video and audio broadcasting, VoIP, and so on, in the broadband wireless mobile networks is become research focus in wireless mobile communications areas. Our work is supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2001AA123014, No.2003AA12331005 and National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60496310. Regarding to some issues in wireless packet communications systems, such as multi-carrier multi-service QoS guaranteed, multi-antenna of the multi-carrier multi-service QoS guaranteed, multi-user multi-service QoS guaranteed and support of wireless mobile efficient TCP / IP protocol stack structure, we make an in-depth studies. In this dissertation, there are five parts.
In first part, we analyse the user evaluation system, extracting four evaluation indexes for the communications process of observation and experience on the user side. And in accordance with the user experience on the services differences, a four evaluation functions are proposed. User evaluation function maximization is a mixed process of evaluating varies traffics, and it is the general guidelines for cross-layer optimization on parameters and structures adjustment.
In part II, we analyze the single-user multi-carrier multi-service system of cross-layer optimization problem. In determining such issues constraints, generally the service QoS constraints and resource constraints, maximizing the user evaluation function is the optimal objective. the allocation of resources derived algorithm. According to the differences of air interface resources, the best channel allocated to the most emergent packet algorithm is the optimal utilization of resources. According to the algorithm, the system schedules the packet to vary traffics based on user evaluation function,. It eventually allows user to maximize evaluation, and also protects the service QoS.
In part III, we analyze the single-user multi-carrier multi-antenna multi-service system of cross-layer optimization problem regard to an OSTBC-OFDM system as a instance. Based on analyzing the relationship between OSTBC diversity gain and channel marix F norm, ans also the analyzing the latency characters, we design a kind of weight measurement for traffic packet. According to the weight of traffic packet, the requirement of each packet PSR is derived. Followed by the criteria in the second part, considering the channel matrix gain and the requirement of the packet PSR, the system can schedule the resource with maximizting the user evaluation function and also with serices QoS guaranteed.
In part IV, we extend the theory of the third part, with considering multi-user scenario and defining the air interface resource as an multi-dimensional spaces without constraining on time, frequency and space. We design a two-stage scheduling structure under the restraints of the control strategy aiming to maximize the multi-user average evaluation function which named MUER criteria. The first-stage is user packet scheduling. The second-stage is inter-user scheduling. Control strategy affects multi-user evaluation function. It makes inter-user scheduling biasess when there is the competition existed among users. It can protect the users’balance and fairness with maximzing the users’average evaluation function and also with service QoS guaranteed.
In part V, we analyze the structure of the traditional TCP/IP protocol stack, and propose an effective cross-layer air interface protocol stack for supporting mobile wireless communicating. The protocol stack for cross-layer ideas, put forward innovative mobile links (ML) and the concept of mirror TCP (mTCP), making the data link layer and the TCP/IP layer close coordination in air interface. With the PID designed, by increasing a few cable network’s load as the cost, it avoids the HA to the FA tunnel transmission, reduce the delay on mobile IP layer. By ML signaling, mTCP maintains the MN’s TCP windows state. It help the mTCP filters most of reverse TCP-ACK messages. And also, when TCP need retransmission, mTCP can retransmit the related packet but not the integrated TCP packet by cooperation with ML layer. It can save a volume of air interface resource.
Part VI is the full text of summary and prospects. On the future developments in the field of cross-layer, we show a number of constructive ideas and methods, such as user strategy, the cross-layer optimization under partial channel information and heterogeneous network of cross-layer optimization.
引文
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