计算机辅助生物瓣膜参数化造型设计与有限元分析
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摘要
对心脏瓣膜疾病患者进行瓣膜置换手术是挽救病人生命的有效手段。面对有关人工心瓣瓣型设计、流场理论、启闭机理研究、湍流射流效应、生物材料等理论研究的不断深入,围绕人工生物瓣膜抗血栓、防钙化、大幅度提高使用寿命展开的计算机辅助心瓣造型设计理论与技术的研究表现出广阔的前景。
本文依据心脏解剖学、薄膜壳体理论,以接近或达到人体天然心瓣的性能为目的,将传统设计理论与现代设计方法相结合,提出构建人工生物心脏瓣膜参数化模型的新方法。以采集临床心瓣动态参数为基础,通过对人体心瓣自然形态的分析导引出人工生物瓣膜的基本雏形,构建生物瓣膜参数化设计平台,在薄膜应力分析的基础上参考四种瓣叶参考型面,运用CAID参数化软件Pro/E分别创建符合空间几何方程的圆柱面、圆球面、旋转抛物面和椭球面,随之依次与其对应的倒圆锥面相交确定边界线和重要点的空间位置,得到一系列较为精确的尺寸参数,建立瓣叶参数化模型,并利用有限元软件ANSYS对各构型瓣叶参数的变化进行了应力分析。
有限元分析是目前心瓣应力计算普遍采用的方法,是人工心脏瓣膜抗疲劳、防钙化设计的关键步骤。而有限元软件自身存在着建模功能薄弱的不足,计算机辅助心瓣造型设计的引入为人工生物瓣膜的参数化造型提供了极大的方便,并在保证建模效果的前提下进一步提高了各参数的准确性。人工心瓣的计算机辅助设计为生物瓣膜的有限元分析和动态模拟创造了条件,同时又能够根据有限元分析结果评测计算机辅助设计造型的优劣性,进而选择一种优化的生物瓣膜瓣型。文中对不同构型、不同厚度、不同倾角以及不同材料特性等系列瓣叶参数化模型进行了分析,并在有限元分析结果的指导下,通过比较各构型瓣叶应力分布情况,最终选择应力分布较为均匀合理的有一定倾角的椭球面型瓣叶构型,以用于生物瓣膜的设计、制作,为生物瓣膜的进一步研究、进行离体和在体实验及批量生产奠定良好的基础。
The valve replacement surgery on patients with heart valve disease is an effective means of saving their lives. With the development of theoretical study on bioprosthetic heart valve design, flow field theory, open and close mechanism, turbulent jet, biomaterials, etc, computer-aided theory and technology research around antithrombus, anti-calcification and the durability of bioprosthetic heart valve will show broad prospects.
Based on the heart anatomy, membrane theory, we establish the geometrical parametric model of bioprosthetic heart valve by Pro/E to reach the function of the human heart valves. On the basis of clinical dynamic parameters, we get prototype and construct parametric model of bioprosthetic valve by analyzing natural form of human valve. Considering both traditional design theories and modern design method, we take turns to create the cylinder, sphere, paraboloid, ellipsoid surfaces and then make them to intersect with inverse conic surfaces in order to get satisfy boundary curves and important points on the actual condition. After constructing parametric models of bioprosthetic heart valves via computer aided design, a series of accurate dimension parameters are obtained. Then analyze the stress distribution of different parametric models by the ANSYS software.
Finite element analysis is defective in modeling function though it is used commonly on stress analysis, which is also crucial to the design of anti-fatigue and anti-calcification of bioprosthetic heart valve. The introduction of computer aided design provide a convenience to the parametric model of bioprosthetic heart valve and improve the accuracy of parametric models. Computer aided design create the conditions for finite element analysis and dynamic simulation of bioprosthetic heart valve, and also can choose the optimization configuration by the results of finite element analysis. In this article, we analyse the parametric model of bioprosthetic heart valve with different configurations, different thickness, different angles and different material properties, and compare the stress distribution according to the results of finite element analysis, finally choose the ellipsoid surface configuration with stress distribution more reasonable which can be applied in the design and manufacture. This work is very helpful to make optimization design for the biopresthetic heart valve and prolong the lifetime of the synthetic heart valve.
本文依据心脏解剖学、薄膜壳体理论,以接近或达到人体天然心瓣的性能为目的,将传统设计理论与现代设计方法相结合,提出构建人工生物心脏瓣膜参数化模型的新方法。以采集临床心瓣动态参数为基础,通过对人体心瓣自然形态的分析导引出人工生物瓣膜的基本雏形,构建生物瓣膜参数化设计平台,在薄膜应力分析的基础上参考四种瓣叶参考型面,运用CAID参数化软件Pro/E分别创建符合空间几何方程的圆柱面、圆球面、旋转抛物面和椭球面,随之依次与其对应的倒圆锥面相交确定边界线和重要点的空间位置,得到一系列较为精确的尺寸参数,建立瓣叶参数化模型,并利用有限元软件ANSYS对各构型瓣叶参数的变化进行了应力分析。
有限元分析是目前心瓣应力计算普遍采用的方法,是人工心脏瓣膜抗疲劳、防钙化设计的关键步骤。而有限元软件自身存在着建模功能薄弱的不足,计算机辅助心瓣造型设计的引入为人工生物瓣膜的参数化造型提供了极大的方便,并在保证建模效果的前提下进一步提高了各参数的准确性。人工心瓣的计算机辅助设计为生物瓣膜的有限元分析和动态模拟创造了条件,同时又能够根据有限元分析结果评测计算机辅助设计造型的优劣性,进而选择一种优化的生物瓣膜瓣型。文中对不同构型、不同厚度、不同倾角以及不同材料特性等系列瓣叶参数化模型进行了分析,并在有限元分析结果的指导下,通过比较各构型瓣叶应力分布情况,最终选择应力分布较为均匀合理的有一定倾角的椭球面型瓣叶构型,以用于生物瓣膜的设计、制作,为生物瓣膜的进一步研究、进行离体和在体实验及批量生产奠定良好的基础。
The valve replacement surgery on patients with heart valve disease is an effective means of saving their lives. With the development of theoretical study on bioprosthetic heart valve design, flow field theory, open and close mechanism, turbulent jet, biomaterials, etc, computer-aided theory and technology research around antithrombus, anti-calcification and the durability of bioprosthetic heart valve will show broad prospects.
Based on the heart anatomy, membrane theory, we establish the geometrical parametric model of bioprosthetic heart valve by Pro/E to reach the function of the human heart valves. On the basis of clinical dynamic parameters, we get prototype and construct parametric model of bioprosthetic valve by analyzing natural form of human valve. Considering both traditional design theories and modern design method, we take turns to create the cylinder, sphere, paraboloid, ellipsoid surfaces and then make them to intersect with inverse conic surfaces in order to get satisfy boundary curves and important points on the actual condition. After constructing parametric models of bioprosthetic heart valves via computer aided design, a series of accurate dimension parameters are obtained. Then analyze the stress distribution of different parametric models by the ANSYS software.
Finite element analysis is defective in modeling function though it is used commonly on stress analysis, which is also crucial to the design of anti-fatigue and anti-calcification of bioprosthetic heart valve. The introduction of computer aided design provide a convenience to the parametric model of bioprosthetic heart valve and improve the accuracy of parametric models. Computer aided design create the conditions for finite element analysis and dynamic simulation of bioprosthetic heart valve, and also can choose the optimization configuration by the results of finite element analysis. In this article, we analyse the parametric model of bioprosthetic heart valve with different configurations, different thickness, different angles and different material properties, and compare the stress distribution according to the results of finite element analysis, finally choose the ellipsoid surface configuration with stress distribution more reasonable which can be applied in the design and manufacture. This work is very helpful to make optimization design for the biopresthetic heart valve and prolong the lifetime of the synthetic heart valve.
引文
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[3]I.Vesely.The Evolution of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Design and Its Impact on Durability[J].Cardiovascular Pathology,2003,12(5):277-286
[4]Hyunggun Kim,Krishnan B.Chandran,Michael S.Sacks,et aI.An Experimentally Derived Stress Resultant Shell Model for Heart Valve Dynamic Simulations[J].Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2007,35(1):30-44
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[6]Peter Zilla,Paul Human,Deon Bezuidenhout.Bioprosthetic Heart Valves:the Need for a Quantum Leap[J].Biotechnol.Appl.Biochem,2004(40):57-66
[7]G.Arcidiacono,A.Corvi,T.Severi.Functional Analysis of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2005(38):1483-1490
[8]袁泉,周咏辉,丛华.生物瓣支架造型研究[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2005,22(6):1197-1199
[9]张敏,郑家骧.生物瓣膜应力的数值模拟[J].应用力学学报,2004,21(2):119-121
[10]David E.Culler,William Burd.A Framework for Extending Computer Aided Process Planning to Include Business Activities and Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing(CAD/CAM)Data Retrieval[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2007(23):339-350
[11]王运巧.计算机辅助技术综合运用对工业设计流程的影响[J].机械设计与制造,2005(4):31-32
[12]M.Bordegoni,U.Cugini.Haptic Modeling in the Conceptual Phases of Product Design[J].Virtual Reality,2006(9):192-202
[13]Stephen H.Westin.Computer-Aided Industrial Design[J].Computer Graphics,1998:49-52
[14]方兴.计算机辅助工业设计[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006
[15]林丽.充分应用CAID技术是工业设计发展的趋势[J].现代机械,2006(3):65-66
[16]许喜华.计算机辅助工业设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[17]陈炳发.工业设计方法及CAD应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[18]陆咏平,郭俐,夏海南.计算机辅助工业设计(CAID)技术研究与展望[J].机械制造与自动化,2001(5):5-8
[19]关琰.计算机辅助产品设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[20]Mark Evans,David Wallace,David Cheshire.An Evaluation of Haptic Feedback Modelling During Industrial Design Practice[J].Design Studies,2005,26(5):487-508
[21]Lokesh Gurung,陈如坤.人造心脏瓣膜功能障碍研究进展[J].浙江医学,2005,27(2):159-161
[22]Ran Gilad,Ron Somogyi.Percutaneous Heart Valves:The Emergence of a Disruptive Technology[J].University of Toronto Medical Journal,2005,82(3):199-201
[23]T.G.Mackay,D.J.Wheatley,G.M.Bernacca,A.C.Fisher,C.S.Hindle.New Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis:Design,Manufacture and Evaluation[J].Biomaterials,1996(17):1857-1863
[24]F.J.Schoen,R.J.Levy.Tissue Heart Valves:Current Challenges and Future Research Perspectives[J].Journal of Biomedical Material Research,1999,47:439-465
[25]G.Lutter,R.Ardehali,J.Cremer,P.Bonhoeffer.Percutaneous Valve Replacement:Current State and Future Prospects[J].The Annals of Thoracic Surgery,2004,78:2199-2206
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