子波反演方法研究及在川东地区的应用
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摘要
地震子波的提取是地震反演中非常重要的一个方面。准确的地震子波估计对于高分辨率、高信噪比、高保真度的油气勘探数据处理有极为重要的意义。本文详细介绍了同态反滤波、广义线性反演、展开相位谱法的基本原理,并从褶积模型出发,建立地震记录模型,分别采用以上方法对地震子波的提取进行了一些理论和实际资料处理研究。
同态反滤波法建立在地层反射系数序列是变化的,相邻道子波基本不变的基础上的,在剖面上选取时窗时,选择在信噪比和分辨率比较高和同相轴较一致、连续性较好的目的层附近选取一叠加段,然后再将时窗强行随机化,即对所选的同一叠加段中的各时窗起始时间点,人为加上一个随机数,使各时窗的起始点服从随机分布,相应时窗内所包含的反射系数序列也随之重新分布。这样就满足了反射系数序列为变化的,地震子波保持基本不变的条件。最后将这些时窗的对数谱进行叠加,使子波这个不变部分的对数谱能量增加,而反射系数序列这个变化部分的能量极大地减弱,从而达到提取子波的目的。为了提高所提取子波的精度,本文还采用了对数谱平均、子波的拾取与整形等处理方法,取得了好的效果。
广义线性反演是用CDP叠加地震道反演求取地震子波的一种技术,其最大特点是误差不随深度而积累。本文实验了初值误差对反演结果的影响,在保证反射系数符号正确的前提下,即使对与真实模型偏离较大的初始模型,广义线性反演方法也能够使它收敛于真实模型。
展开相位谱法是首先计算出子波振幅谱和相位谱,再用所求得的子波振幅谱和相位谱,按欧拉公式转换成复数,通过反付氏变换就得到了子波序列。它是在无任何相位特性假设的条件下,从多道原始地震记录中统计提取出来的。
本文从不同角度研究以上方法的可行性及其效率问题,仿真和真实数据处理结果表明,同态反滤波、广义线性反演、展开相位谱法在不同分辨率、不同信噪比、不同相位子波合成的地震记录反演中效果明显。通过上述方法的应用,子波提取准确度和效率得到了显著提高,同时也预示着这些方法在地震信号处理领域有广阔的应用潜力。
另外,本文还以川东南地区己有资料为基础,对物理模型采集的地震记录和实际野外采集的地震记录进行了子波提取实验,并利用提取的地震子波对地震资料进行了层位标定、反褶积、波阻抗反演及沉积相反演等处理。实验结果证明了本文介绍的子波反演方法的正确性和有效性。
seismic wavelet extraction is one of the very important part of seismic inversion. Acurate estimation of seismic wavelet Is very important to hige-resolution, hige signal-noise ratio and high fidelity petroleum exploration and production data procession. This paper datailed Introductes the Basic Principle of homomorphic inverse filtering, generalized linear inversion and spreading phase spectrum method, and establed seismic record model based on convolution model, then makes theory and real data proceding research on seismic wavelet extraction throw the above methods. The homomorphic inverse filtering method is based on that the coefficient series is varied and the seismic neighbouing traces is on the whole variant. When selecting time-window on profile,select a stack segment over the high signal-noise ration and resolution, Alignment rather accord, and succession quite well target zone,then make the time-window compel Randomized, it means adding a random number on the every time start point of time-window of the selected same one stack segment, to make evey start point accorded random distribution, so reflection coefficient series on the evey time-window will redistribute accorded it. so it meet that the reflection proficient series is varied and the seismic wavelet keep invariant. The last,overlap the log-spectral of the time-window, to improv the energe of invaried log-spectral of wavelet, but the energe of varied reflection coefficient series was fully reduced, thereby come to the aim of wavelet extraction. To improve the accuration of wavelet extraction, this paper take the method of log-spectral averagement, wavelet pick-up and reform .
generalized linear inversion is a technology of picking up seismic wavelet using CDP overlap seismic trace incersion, its most feature is the error can’t accumulate according the deepth. The paper test the effect of initial value error to the result inversion: under the premise of keeping the reflection coefficient sign correct, even to the initial model which deviate far from the real model, the method of generalized linear inversion can make it convergent to the real model.
spreading phase spectrum method is to compute the wavelet amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, and then use the wavelet amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum to transform to complex with Euler Formula, get the wavelet series through inverse Fourier Transform . It is statistically extracted from multi-trace raw seismic record without any phase character suppose.
This paper research the feasibility and efficiency of the above methods from different apart. The result of treat to fidelity and real data study shows that homomorphic inverse filtering, generalized linear inversion and spreading phase spectrum method have obvious effect in the seismic wavelet records synthesed in different resolution, signal-noise ratio, phase wawelet inversion.Through the application of the above methods, the precision and efficiency of the seismic wavelet extraction gain obvious enhancement. And the same time, the achievements indicate the broad application future of these methods in the field of the seismic sign processing.
Besides, based on the owened data about Southeast of the Sichuan, this paper make wavelet extraction test on the seimesic record gathered from physical model and virtually gathered from field. And make horizon calibration, deconvolution, Impedance Inversion and sedimentary facies inversion proceding on the seismic records using the extracted seismic wavelet.the results has demonstrated the corrcetion and the efficiecnt of the wavelet inversion methods introducted in the paper.
同态反滤波法建立在地层反射系数序列是变化的,相邻道子波基本不变的基础上的,在剖面上选取时窗时,选择在信噪比和分辨率比较高和同相轴较一致、连续性较好的目的层附近选取一叠加段,然后再将时窗强行随机化,即对所选的同一叠加段中的各时窗起始时间点,人为加上一个随机数,使各时窗的起始点服从随机分布,相应时窗内所包含的反射系数序列也随之重新分布。这样就满足了反射系数序列为变化的,地震子波保持基本不变的条件。最后将这些时窗的对数谱进行叠加,使子波这个不变部分的对数谱能量增加,而反射系数序列这个变化部分的能量极大地减弱,从而达到提取子波的目的。为了提高所提取子波的精度,本文还采用了对数谱平均、子波的拾取与整形等处理方法,取得了好的效果。
广义线性反演是用CDP叠加地震道反演求取地震子波的一种技术,其最大特点是误差不随深度而积累。本文实验了初值误差对反演结果的影响,在保证反射系数符号正确的前提下,即使对与真实模型偏离较大的初始模型,广义线性反演方法也能够使它收敛于真实模型。
展开相位谱法是首先计算出子波振幅谱和相位谱,再用所求得的子波振幅谱和相位谱,按欧拉公式转换成复数,通过反付氏变换就得到了子波序列。它是在无任何相位特性假设的条件下,从多道原始地震记录中统计提取出来的。
本文从不同角度研究以上方法的可行性及其效率问题,仿真和真实数据处理结果表明,同态反滤波、广义线性反演、展开相位谱法在不同分辨率、不同信噪比、不同相位子波合成的地震记录反演中效果明显。通过上述方法的应用,子波提取准确度和效率得到了显著提高,同时也预示着这些方法在地震信号处理领域有广阔的应用潜力。
另外,本文还以川东南地区己有资料为基础,对物理模型采集的地震记录和实际野外采集的地震记录进行了子波提取实验,并利用提取的地震子波对地震资料进行了层位标定、反褶积、波阻抗反演及沉积相反演等处理。实验结果证明了本文介绍的子波反演方法的正确性和有效性。
seismic wavelet extraction is one of the very important part of seismic inversion. Acurate estimation of seismic wavelet Is very important to hige-resolution, hige signal-noise ratio and high fidelity petroleum exploration and production data procession. This paper datailed Introductes the Basic Principle of homomorphic inverse filtering, generalized linear inversion and spreading phase spectrum method, and establed seismic record model based on convolution model, then makes theory and real data proceding research on seismic wavelet extraction throw the above methods. The homomorphic inverse filtering method is based on that the coefficient series is varied and the seismic neighbouing traces is on the whole variant. When selecting time-window on profile,select a stack segment over the high signal-noise ration and resolution, Alignment rather accord, and succession quite well target zone,then make the time-window compel Randomized, it means adding a random number on the every time start point of time-window of the selected same one stack segment, to make evey start point accorded random distribution, so reflection coefficient series on the evey time-window will redistribute accorded it. so it meet that the reflection proficient series is varied and the seismic wavelet keep invariant. The last,overlap the log-spectral of the time-window, to improv the energe of invaried log-spectral of wavelet, but the energe of varied reflection coefficient series was fully reduced, thereby come to the aim of wavelet extraction. To improve the accuration of wavelet extraction, this paper take the method of log-spectral averagement, wavelet pick-up and reform .
generalized linear inversion is a technology of picking up seismic wavelet using CDP overlap seismic trace incersion, its most feature is the error can’t accumulate according the deepth. The paper test the effect of initial value error to the result inversion: under the premise of keeping the reflection coefficient sign correct, even to the initial model which deviate far from the real model, the method of generalized linear inversion can make it convergent to the real model.
spreading phase spectrum method is to compute the wavelet amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, and then use the wavelet amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum to transform to complex with Euler Formula, get the wavelet series through inverse Fourier Transform . It is statistically extracted from multi-trace raw seismic record without any phase character suppose.
This paper research the feasibility and efficiency of the above methods from different apart. The result of treat to fidelity and real data study shows that homomorphic inverse filtering, generalized linear inversion and spreading phase spectrum method have obvious effect in the seismic wavelet records synthesed in different resolution, signal-noise ratio, phase wawelet inversion.Through the application of the above methods, the precision and efficiency of the seismic wavelet extraction gain obvious enhancement. And the same time, the achievements indicate the broad application future of these methods in the field of the seismic sign processing.
Besides, based on the owened data about Southeast of the Sichuan, this paper make wavelet extraction test on the seimesic record gathered from physical model and virtually gathered from field. And make horizon calibration, deconvolution, Impedance Inversion and sedimentary facies inversion proceding on the seismic records using the extracted seismic wavelet.the results has demonstrated the corrcetion and the efficiecnt of the wavelet inversion methods introducted in the paper.
引文
[1]袁三一,陈小宏.一种新的地震子波提取与层速度反演方法.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):198-205
[2]董泽斌吴良元.地震资料数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[3]赵宪生,梁桂蓉,罗运先,子波反演与波阻抗反演,物探化探计算技术,1998,8.
[4]吕铁良,波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究,中国石油大学研究生学位论文,2007
[5]王允诚,孔金祥,李海平.气藏地质.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[6]王振峰,罗晓容.莺琼盆地高温高压地层钻井压力预监测技术研究.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[7]徐伯勋.地震勘探信息技术——提取、分析和预测.北京:地质出版社,:2001
[8]Gregory D.Lazear,Mixed-phase wavelet estimation using fourth-order cumulants.Geophysics,1993,58(7):1042-1051
[9]Danilo.Velis and Tadeuse J.Ulrych,Simulated annealing wavelet estimation viafourth-order cumulant matching.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1939-1948
[10]Majeed A.Alkanhal,Saleh A.Alshebeili,Blind identification of nonminimum phase FIR systems:Cumul ants matching viagenetic algorithms,Signal Processing 1995,(67):25-34
[11]IL-KWON JEONG. Adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm for system identification. EngngApplic.Artif.Intel,1996,9(5):523-532
[12]Clerc M, Kennedy J.The particle swarm—Explosion,stability,and convergence in a multidimensional complex space. IEEE Trans. On Evolutionary Comptation,2002,6(1):58-73.
[13]Cristion TI. The particle swarm optimization algorithm:Convergence analysis and parameter selection. Information Processing Letters,2003,85(6):317-325
[13]陆基孟,地震勘探原理,石油大学出版社,1993
[14]赵秋亮,基于非线性方法的地震子波提取及波阴抗反演,成都理工大学研究生毕业论文,2005
[15]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997
[16]黄绪德.反褶积与地震道反演.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[17]陈玉东.地球物理信息处理基础.北京:地质出版社,2006.9
[18]李录明,李正文.地震勘探原理、方法及解释.成都:成都理工大学,2005.5
[19]梁光河.地震子波提取方法研究.石油物探,1998,37(1)
[20]魏磊.高分辨率地震子波估计建模及提取技术研究.中国石油大学研究生论文,2007
[21]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[22]梁光河.测井约束地震子波外推方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3)
[23]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法.山东:石油大学出版社,2004
[24]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,王红旗,王述江,肖明图,马建华.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究,地球物理学进展,2006,21(4)
[25]何艳,李大卫.一种适应任意相位子波的反褶积方法.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3)
[26]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道文义线性反演.石油物探,1996,35(4)
[27]徐伯勋,姜成栋.应用同态滤波提取子波的改进方法.石油物探,1991,30(3)
[28]龚建人,在同态法基础上利用合成和迭代技术求取地震子波.石油物探,1983,22(3)
[29]张耀辉.同态反褶积的子波估算法.江汉石油学院学报,1985,1
[30]曹艳玲.一种地震子波提取的高阶累积量方法,中国海洋大学研究生毕业论文,2005
[31]吕铁良.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究.中国石油大学研究生毕业论文,2007
[32]李亚峻,李月,高颖.基于双谱幅值和相位重构的地震子波提取.地球物理学进展,2007.3
[33]刘金俊,王修田,徐世浙,张训华.基于子波相位谱扫描法的子波求取方法.海洋科学,2000.6
[34]韩小俊,赵宪生,王建民,波阻抗反演结果的影响因素分析.大应石油地质与开发,2005,24(4)
[35]顾家裕.沉积相与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.9
[36]施泽进,韩小俊、赵宪生等.川东南地区上震旦统灯影组-下二叠统主要储层段储层预测.成都理工大学项目报告,2006.12
[2]董泽斌吴良元.地震资料数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[3]赵宪生,梁桂蓉,罗运先,子波反演与波阻抗反演,物探化探计算技术,1998,8.
[4]吕铁良,波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究,中国石油大学研究生学位论文,2007
[5]王允诚,孔金祥,李海平.气藏地质.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[6]王振峰,罗晓容.莺琼盆地高温高压地层钻井压力预监测技术研究.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[7]徐伯勋.地震勘探信息技术——提取、分析和预测.北京:地质出版社,:2001
[8]Gregory D.Lazear,Mixed-phase wavelet estimation using fourth-order cumulants.Geophysics,1993,58(7):1042-1051
[9]Danilo.Velis and Tadeuse J.Ulrych,Simulated annealing wavelet estimation viafourth-order cumulant matching.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1939-1948
[10]Majeed A.Alkanhal,Saleh A.Alshebeili,Blind identification of nonminimum phase FIR systems:Cumul ants matching viagenetic algorithms,Signal Processing 1995,(67):25-34
[11]IL-KWON JEONG. Adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm for system identification. EngngApplic.Artif.Intel,1996,9(5):523-532
[12]Clerc M, Kennedy J.The particle swarm—Explosion,stability,and convergence in a multidimensional complex space. IEEE Trans. On Evolutionary Comptation,2002,6(1):58-73.
[13]Cristion TI. The particle swarm optimization algorithm:Convergence analysis and parameter selection. Information Processing Letters,2003,85(6):317-325
[13]陆基孟,地震勘探原理,石油大学出版社,1993
[14]赵秋亮,基于非线性方法的地震子波提取及波阴抗反演,成都理工大学研究生毕业论文,2005
[15]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997
[16]黄绪德.反褶积与地震道反演.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[17]陈玉东.地球物理信息处理基础.北京:地质出版社,2006.9
[18]李录明,李正文.地震勘探原理、方法及解释.成都:成都理工大学,2005.5
[19]梁光河.地震子波提取方法研究.石油物探,1998,37(1)
[20]魏磊.高分辨率地震子波估计建模及提取技术研究.中国石油大学研究生论文,2007
[21]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[22]梁光河.测井约束地震子波外推方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3)
[23]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法.山东:石油大学出版社,2004
[24]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,王红旗,王述江,肖明图,马建华.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究,地球物理学进展,2006,21(4)
[25]何艳,李大卫.一种适应任意相位子波的反褶积方法.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3)
[26]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道文义线性反演.石油物探,1996,35(4)
[27]徐伯勋,姜成栋.应用同态滤波提取子波的改进方法.石油物探,1991,30(3)
[28]龚建人,在同态法基础上利用合成和迭代技术求取地震子波.石油物探,1983,22(3)
[29]张耀辉.同态反褶积的子波估算法.江汉石油学院学报,1985,1
[30]曹艳玲.一种地震子波提取的高阶累积量方法,中国海洋大学研究生毕业论文,2005
[31]吕铁良.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究.中国石油大学研究生毕业论文,2007
[32]李亚峻,李月,高颖.基于双谱幅值和相位重构的地震子波提取.地球物理学进展,2007.3
[33]刘金俊,王修田,徐世浙,张训华.基于子波相位谱扫描法的子波求取方法.海洋科学,2000.6
[34]韩小俊,赵宪生,王建民,波阻抗反演结果的影响因素分析.大应石油地质与开发,2005,24(4)
[35]顾家裕.沉积相与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.9
[36]施泽进,韩小俊、赵宪生等.川东南地区上震旦统灯影组-下二叠统主要储层段储层预测.成都理工大学项目报告,2006.12