脉冲天线、超宽带天线及其阵列研究
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摘要
基于无载波的脉冲技术和超宽带技术在目标识别、成像、反隐身、抗干扰以及超宽带通信等方面已经得到了广泛的应用,作为脉冲和超宽带系统的关键部件之一的天线,也已成为研究重点。本文围绕脉冲天线、超宽带天线及其阵列开展研究,内容主要集中于脉冲天线阵列时域特性、平面超宽带天线小型化设计、平面超宽带天线阵列设计等三个方面。本文的工作和创新成果如下:
1.针对时间步进法在求解时域积分方程的过程中、以整数时刻电流电荷近似非整数时刻电流电荷引起的后期振荡的问题,对时间步进法进行了改进,采用插值法较精确地计算非整数时刻电流,从而大大减小了计算中的累积误差,改善了电流和辐射场的后期不稳定性。
2.给出了相对耦合电流和相对耦合电场的概念,用来研究天线单元之间的耦合。利用改进的时间步进法对V形振子天线阵单元之间互耦、天线阵辐射特性与天线阵结构的关系、以及天线阵的空间扫描特性进行了研究。
3.提出了一种地板为圆环的圆形宽缝隙超宽带天线,该天线的地板环不仅起到地板的作用,同时也作为天线向外辐射的一部分,使得天线的尺寸减小。模拟和实验结果表明,该天线的工作带宽可以覆盖3.1-10.6 GHz的UWB频段,并在较大空间范围内达到波形保真度的要求。
4.在圆环地板的圆形宽缝隙天线基础上,提出了一种可工作于UWB频段的双开环天线。该天线的辐射贴片和地板都是非闭合结构,在其辐射贴片内部以及地板开口处放置导体对天线性能的影响很小,为将来在天线内部集成电路元器件、进一步提高系统集成度提供了可能。
5.提出了微带馈电的超宽带天线阵列的馈电网络设计方法,利用渐变的微带线实现了宽频带阻抗变换,设计并制作了三种基本的4单元平面超宽带天线阵结构,并研究了天线阵内部的各种耦合对辐射特性的影响。模拟和实验结果表明,这三种结构的天线阵都能够工作在UWB规定的频段内,并且方向性和增益都有了很大的提高。主辐射方向上辐射场的波形保真度也满足UWB系统的要求。
6.提出了渐变共面波导馈电的超宽带天线阵列的馈电网络设计方法,设计了三种基本的4单元的阵列结构,讨论了阵列结构中耦合的影响。模拟结果表明,天线阵的方向性以及增益都得到了加强。
Carrier free pulse technology and ultra-wideband(UWB) technology have been widely used in target recognition,imaging,anti-stealth technique,anti-interference and UWB communication.The antenna,as one of the key components of the pulse and UWB systems,has drawn more and more attention,and becomes a hot topic.In this dissertation,the research is carried on the pulse antenna,the UWB antenna and their array.It is mainly focused on the time-domain characteristics of pulse antenna array, design of compact UWB antennas,and design on planar UWB antenna array.The main work and the innovation points are:
1.Using current at integer time moment to approximate current at noninteger time moment will cause accumulation error and lead to instability in late time,when march-in on time(MOT) method is applied to solving time domain integral equation.For this problem,a modified MOT is proposed,in which the current at noninteger time moment is interpolated by two near currents at integer time moments.Therefore,the accumulation error is reduced significantly,and instability property of the MOT is improved efficiently.
2.The definition of relative coupling current and relative coupling far field are proposed to study the mutual coupling between the elements of the pulse antenna array.The mutual coupling effect of the elements,the relationships between time-domain radiation characteristics and parameters of the array structure,and the scan capability of the array are studied by the modified MOT.
3.A circular slot UWB antenna with annular ground ring is proposed.The ground annulus of the antenna plays not only as a ground but also as one part of the radiation element of the antenna.This design reduced the size of the antenna. Simulated and measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of this antenna can cover 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB frequency band.Meanwhile,the fidelity of the signal radiated by the antenna can meet the demand of UWB system within a large space scope.
4.A dual open-annulus antenna that can be applied in UWB system is proposed base on the former circular slot antenna.The radiation patch and the ground of the antenna are all open struct-ures.Conductor can be placed in the hole of the radiation patch and the open region of the ground annulus without significant effect on antenna performance.This provides the possibility of integrating circuit components inside of the antenna,and makes the system more integrative.
5.The design method of the microstrip feeding network of planar UWB antenna array is given.Tapered microstrip lines are used to realize the impedance transform within UWB frequency band.Three prototypes of 4-element UWB antenna array are designed and fabricated,and the influences of the coupling effect within the array on the radiation characteristics are studied.Simulated and measured results show that the bandwidths of these three prototypes antenna arrays can cover the UWB frequency band.The directivity and the gain are enhanced.The fidelity in the main radiating direction can meet the demand of UWB system.
6.The design method of the CPW feeding network with tapered CPW lines for planar UWB antenna array is put forward.Three prototypes of antenna array fed by this kind of networks are designed.The influences of the coupling effect in the array on the radiation characteristics are studied.Simulated results show that the directivity and the gain of the array are improved.
1.针对时间步进法在求解时域积分方程的过程中、以整数时刻电流电荷近似非整数时刻电流电荷引起的后期振荡的问题,对时间步进法进行了改进,采用插值法较精确地计算非整数时刻电流,从而大大减小了计算中的累积误差,改善了电流和辐射场的后期不稳定性。
2.给出了相对耦合电流和相对耦合电场的概念,用来研究天线单元之间的耦合。利用改进的时间步进法对V形振子天线阵单元之间互耦、天线阵辐射特性与天线阵结构的关系、以及天线阵的空间扫描特性进行了研究。
3.提出了一种地板为圆环的圆形宽缝隙超宽带天线,该天线的地板环不仅起到地板的作用,同时也作为天线向外辐射的一部分,使得天线的尺寸减小。模拟和实验结果表明,该天线的工作带宽可以覆盖3.1-10.6 GHz的UWB频段,并在较大空间范围内达到波形保真度的要求。
4.在圆环地板的圆形宽缝隙天线基础上,提出了一种可工作于UWB频段的双开环天线。该天线的辐射贴片和地板都是非闭合结构,在其辐射贴片内部以及地板开口处放置导体对天线性能的影响很小,为将来在天线内部集成电路元器件、进一步提高系统集成度提供了可能。
5.提出了微带馈电的超宽带天线阵列的馈电网络设计方法,利用渐变的微带线实现了宽频带阻抗变换,设计并制作了三种基本的4单元平面超宽带天线阵结构,并研究了天线阵内部的各种耦合对辐射特性的影响。模拟和实验结果表明,这三种结构的天线阵都能够工作在UWB规定的频段内,并且方向性和增益都有了很大的提高。主辐射方向上辐射场的波形保真度也满足UWB系统的要求。
6.提出了渐变共面波导馈电的超宽带天线阵列的馈电网络设计方法,设计了三种基本的4单元的阵列结构,讨论了阵列结构中耦合的影响。模拟结果表明,天线阵的方向性以及增益都得到了加强。
Carrier free pulse technology and ultra-wideband(UWB) technology have been widely used in target recognition,imaging,anti-stealth technique,anti-interference and UWB communication.The antenna,as one of the key components of the pulse and UWB systems,has drawn more and more attention,and becomes a hot topic.In this dissertation,the research is carried on the pulse antenna,the UWB antenna and their array.It is mainly focused on the time-domain characteristics of pulse antenna array, design of compact UWB antennas,and design on planar UWB antenna array.The main work and the innovation points are:
1.Using current at integer time moment to approximate current at noninteger time moment will cause accumulation error and lead to instability in late time,when march-in on time(MOT) method is applied to solving time domain integral equation.For this problem,a modified MOT is proposed,in which the current at noninteger time moment is interpolated by two near currents at integer time moments.Therefore,the accumulation error is reduced significantly,and instability property of the MOT is improved efficiently.
2.The definition of relative coupling current and relative coupling far field are proposed to study the mutual coupling between the elements of the pulse antenna array.The mutual coupling effect of the elements,the relationships between time-domain radiation characteristics and parameters of the array structure,and the scan capability of the array are studied by the modified MOT.
3.A circular slot UWB antenna with annular ground ring is proposed.The ground annulus of the antenna plays not only as a ground but also as one part of the radiation element of the antenna.This design reduced the size of the antenna. Simulated and measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of this antenna can cover 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB frequency band.Meanwhile,the fidelity of the signal radiated by the antenna can meet the demand of UWB system within a large space scope.
4.A dual open-annulus antenna that can be applied in UWB system is proposed base on the former circular slot antenna.The radiation patch and the ground of the antenna are all open struct-ures.Conductor can be placed in the hole of the radiation patch and the open region of the ground annulus without significant effect on antenna performance.This provides the possibility of integrating circuit components inside of the antenna,and makes the system more integrative.
5.The design method of the microstrip feeding network of planar UWB antenna array is given.Tapered microstrip lines are used to realize the impedance transform within UWB frequency band.Three prototypes of 4-element UWB antenna array are designed and fabricated,and the influences of the coupling effect within the array on the radiation characteristics are studied.Simulated and measured results show that the bandwidths of these three prototypes antenna arrays can cover the UWB frequency band.The directivity and the gain are enhanced.The fidelity in the main radiating direction can meet the demand of UWB system.
6.The design method of the CPW feeding network with tapered CPW lines for planar UWB antenna array is put forward.Three prototypes of antenna array fed by this kind of networks are designed.The influences of the coupling effect in the array on the radiation characteristics are studied.Simulated results show that the directivity and the gain of the array are improved.
引文
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