火星典型地貌特征知识的描述分类与识别
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摘要
火星(Mars),作为太阳系九大行星中自然地理环境与地球最为接近的类地行星之一,以其神秘的炽热外表,自古以来就吸引着人们的注意。本文研究以美国“火星环球观测者”(Mars Global Surveyor, MGS)计划获取的火星表面地形数据为主要研究对象,从理解、构建地貌景观的重要基础入手,采用归纳、综合的基本推理方法,分别借助定性和定量分析方法对火星典型地貌形态特征知识给予描述、分类与识别,以期为火星景观建模及其自然环境的进一步研究提供有益的参照。
主要工作如下：
1.研究火星基本地貌特征在不同语言环境下的描述方法(自然的和模型的),分别给出了基于定性方法和基于定量方法的火星典型地貌特征描述思路与途径。特别系统而全面地研究了开度在火星典型地貌特征知识描述、分类与识别工作中的具体作用,揭示了其作为有效表达地形地貌本质属性特征的实际应用意义和价值,创新性地将开度由概念产生时仅“用于地形地貌特征定量表达”的普通目的进一步拓展到自然景观实体分析、理解的现实研究目的；
2.基于前人地表地貌已取得的研究成果和经验,针对相关领域尚未对火星典型地貌分类体系构建形成系统而统一认识的实际情况,提出了符合普通认知水平、具有较强适应能力的火星典型地貌类型划分体系。实践证明,本文提出的分体系在一定程度上克服了类似分类体系侧重定量化判别准则,类别结构定义“生硬”、“绝对”等不合理现象,能够明确、直接、方便地对研究对象进行有效表达,其结果也更符合普通认知水平的实际要求；
3.针对基于影像数据资料火星典型地貌识别方法在实际应用中出现的问题与不足,以撞击坑地貌为主要研究对象,创新性提出和研究了基于高程特性的火星典型地貌特征识别方法。从最终的研究结果来看,与传统方法相比,基于高程特性的火星典型地貌识别方法在提高识别效率、减小研究者劳动强度等方面具有比较明显的优势,识别结果也能够满足特定观测尺度水平下的识别要求。
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the outer-most of the four terrestrial world in the solar system. Named by the ancient Romans for their bloody god of war, Mars is for many people the most intriguing of all celestial objects.With the dawn of the Space Age,scientists of various research fields have got the chance to learning the planet's properties. Orbiters have performed large-scale surveys of much of the planet's surface,lander data have complemented these planetwide studies with detailed information on the specific sits,the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft (NASA) is one of them. This research, based on the survey data of MGS program,includes three important matters, characterization,classification and identification of Mars topographic surface specific landform-characters,especially for the impact craters and valles-canyons.As the research results show,we really hope our research in these fields can help corresponding scientific researches.
Our research mainly focus on:
1.Characterization of Martian topographic characters. We study several methods of discribing Mars specific landforms (impact craters and valles-canyons),qualitatively and quantitatively. Especially, this research shows a quantitative notion of "Openness" as an objective and very efficacious character description method.Besides, we also find that "Openness" can be used in other situations, such as Martian landforms classification as well as identification, and it also plays a very important role in the overall research.
2.1n the second research field, we study the method of constructing Martian terrain patterns and the way of quarternary landforms classification. Based on the discussion of role of landforms classification in modern soil survey and soil-landscape studies, according to some existing Martian classification patterns, this research addresses a new Mars landforms classes pattern. And we find that this pattern overcomes some obvious drawbacks of other ones, it shows a clear, as well as easy-understanding way to interpret Mars specific landforms.
3.Based on the special survey data attributes, we study the method of identification impact craters quantitatively,objectively and efficiently. Traditionally, the descriptive morphology has been used to study and categorize different types of martian landscapes.Various researchers have manually collected data sets of crater locations and characteristics,but such works are laborious process,and the results are incomplete. In order to overcoming these shortcomings, this research brings up a quantitative crater-detection technique. According to the final results, we find that it significantly speeds up the rate of building the data sets and provides means for an objective and repeatable process for performing the analysis.
主要工作如下：
1.研究火星基本地貌特征在不同语言环境下的描述方法(自然的和模型的),分别给出了基于定性方法和基于定量方法的火星典型地貌特征描述思路与途径。特别系统而全面地研究了开度在火星典型地貌特征知识描述、分类与识别工作中的具体作用,揭示了其作为有效表达地形地貌本质属性特征的实际应用意义和价值,创新性地将开度由概念产生时仅“用于地形地貌特征定量表达”的普通目的进一步拓展到自然景观实体分析、理解的现实研究目的；
2.基于前人地表地貌已取得的研究成果和经验,针对相关领域尚未对火星典型地貌分类体系构建形成系统而统一认识的实际情况,提出了符合普通认知水平、具有较强适应能力的火星典型地貌类型划分体系。实践证明,本文提出的分体系在一定程度上克服了类似分类体系侧重定量化判别准则,类别结构定义“生硬”、“绝对”等不合理现象,能够明确、直接、方便地对研究对象进行有效表达,其结果也更符合普通认知水平的实际要求；
3.针对基于影像数据资料火星典型地貌识别方法在实际应用中出现的问题与不足,以撞击坑地貌为主要研究对象,创新性提出和研究了基于高程特性的火星典型地貌特征识别方法。从最终的研究结果来看,与传统方法相比,基于高程特性的火星典型地貌识别方法在提高识别效率、减小研究者劳动强度等方面具有比较明显的优势,识别结果也能够满足特定观测尺度水平下的识别要求。
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the outer-most of the four terrestrial world in the solar system. Named by the ancient Romans for their bloody god of war, Mars is for many people the most intriguing of all celestial objects.With the dawn of the Space Age,scientists of various research fields have got the chance to learning the planet's properties. Orbiters have performed large-scale surveys of much of the planet's surface,lander data have complemented these planetwide studies with detailed information on the specific sits,the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft (NASA) is one of them. This research, based on the survey data of MGS program,includes three important matters, characterization,classification and identification of Mars topographic surface specific landform-characters,especially for the impact craters and valles-canyons.As the research results show,we really hope our research in these fields can help corresponding scientific researches.
Our research mainly focus on:
1.Characterization of Martian topographic characters. We study several methods of discribing Mars specific landforms (impact craters and valles-canyons),qualitatively and quantitatively. Especially, this research shows a quantitative notion of "Openness" as an objective and very efficacious character description method.Besides, we also find that "Openness" can be used in other situations, such as Martian landforms classification as well as identification, and it also plays a very important role in the overall research.
2.1n the second research field, we study the method of constructing Martian terrain patterns and the way of quarternary landforms classification. Based on the discussion of role of landforms classification in modern soil survey and soil-landscape studies, according to some existing Martian classification patterns, this research addresses a new Mars landforms classes pattern. And we find that this pattern overcomes some obvious drawbacks of other ones, it shows a clear, as well as easy-understanding way to interpret Mars specific landforms.
3.Based on the special survey data attributes, we study the method of identification impact craters quantitatively,objectively and efficiently. Traditionally, the descriptive morphology has been used to study and categorize different types of martian landscapes.Various researchers have manually collected data sets of crater locations and characteristics,but such works are laborious process,and the results are incomplete. In order to overcoming these shortcomings, this research brings up a quantitative crater-detection technique. According to the final results, we find that it significantly speeds up the rate of building the data sets and provides means for an objective and repeatable process for performing the analysis.
引文
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