基于RS和GIS的城市郊区生态质量综合评价研究
摘要
本研究运用遥感监测手段,结合气象学和GIS技术与方法,以北京市房山区为研究对象,监测、计算和分析了研究区1992年、2001年、2004年三年间的地表生态组分(LUCC(land use and land cover change)、NPP(net primary productivity)、水土流失)的演变特点,并把这些生态组分指标纳入到城市郊区生态质量评价指标体系中,运用层次分析法,建立了城市郊区生态质量综合评价模型,在此基础上,分析了研究区生态质量的演变特点。
论文主要做了以下几方面的工作,并取得了相关结论:
1、利用Landsat TM影像提取了研究区三年间的土地利用/覆盖类型图,并分析了该地区三年间土地利用/覆盖变化的动态演变特点:
研究区以林地为主,三年间林地面积分别占研究区总面积的50.72%、50.73%、52.71%,其次是农田、城乡用地、草地;林地和城乡用地面积逐年增加,而农田和草地逐年减少,后一阶段各用地类型面积变化速率大于前一阶段。研究区除水域外,其他用地类型的开发度和消耗度均逐年增加;三年间各用地类型的动态度指数均逐年增大,城乡居民点与建设用地和水域用地的动态度指数变化最为剧烈;第二阶段的土地利用程度更加剧烈。研究区农田主要向林地和城乡用地转化,草地主要向农田、林地和建设用地转化,林地主要向农田及城乡用地转变,而林地和城乡用地的新增面积主要来源于农田和草地,未利用地新增加面积在前后两个阶段均以农田为主要来源。
2、利用CASA模型计算和分析了研究区三年间八月份NPP的生产、变化及其受土地利用/覆盖变化的影响特点:
研究区三年间八月份的NPP分别为152.01gC·m-2·mon-1、142.83gC·m-2·mon-1、96.32gC·m-2·mon-1,NPP区域平均值及区域生产总量逐年减少。1992年和2001年的各NPP水平区面积比重及NPP产量均随产量水平的提高而逐渐增大,2004年各区面积比重及NPP产量以中产区最高,以较高产区最低。三年间中产区以下的各NPP产量水平区面积比重及NPP区域生产总量均逐年增加,而高产区以及较高产区NPP面积百分比及NPP区域生产总量逐年减少,2004年较高产区面积比重及NPP产量下降最为剧烈。研究区同一年份内各土地利用类型NPP及NPP生产总量均以林地最高,
This study has researched in FangShan, Peiking, China and monitored and analyzed the evolutive characters of the land surface ecological component(LUCC(land use and land cover change)、NPP(net primary productivity), Soil and Water Loss, etc.) from 1992 to2001 and 2001 to 2004 in study area using remote sensing data integrated the methods and technologies of meteorology and GIS(Geography Information System). Then, taked these indicators in the evaluation indicator system of regional ecology quality and applied the method of hierarchical analysis to build the regional ecology quality assessment model. At last, based the model, analyzed the evolutive characters of the regional ecology quality.
This dissertation done some researches and drew some conclusions mainly as follows: 1. Used the Landsat TM image extracted the land use/cover classification change map between three years of the study area and analyzed the dynamic evolutive characters of the land use/cover change between three years.
The land use of the study area was mostly forest land and occupied 50.72%、50.73%、52.71% of the total area in three years. Then cropland, urban and village land, grass land was in turn. The forest land and urban and village land was increasing annually, otherwise the cropland and grass land trended to decrease. The change rate of the land use type of the latter stage was greater than the before.
The land consume degree and land development degree of land use type except water area increased year and year. The index of the dynamic degree increased annually. The dynamic degree of the residential area and construction land and water area changed severely. The crop land in study area mainly turned to wood land or urban and village land, grass land to crop land or wood land or construction land, wood land to urban and village land. The increasing area of the wood land and urban and village land came from crop land and grass land mostly. The increasing area of the unused land was mainly from crop land in latter and fore stage.
2. Used CASA model to calculate the NPP in August three years of the study area and analyze the product, change and characters effected by LUCC of the NPP.
In August of three years, the NPP was 152.01gC·m-2·mon-1, 142.83gC·m-2·mon-1,
论文主要做了以下几方面的工作,并取得了相关结论:
1、利用Landsat TM影像提取了研究区三年间的土地利用/覆盖类型图,并分析了该地区三年间土地利用/覆盖变化的动态演变特点:
研究区以林地为主,三年间林地面积分别占研究区总面积的50.72%、50.73%、52.71%,其次是农田、城乡用地、草地;林地和城乡用地面积逐年增加,而农田和草地逐年减少,后一阶段各用地类型面积变化速率大于前一阶段。研究区除水域外,其他用地类型的开发度和消耗度均逐年增加;三年间各用地类型的动态度指数均逐年增大,城乡居民点与建设用地和水域用地的动态度指数变化最为剧烈;第二阶段的土地利用程度更加剧烈。研究区农田主要向林地和城乡用地转化,草地主要向农田、林地和建设用地转化,林地主要向农田及城乡用地转变,而林地和城乡用地的新增面积主要来源于农田和草地,未利用地新增加面积在前后两个阶段均以农田为主要来源。
2、利用CASA模型计算和分析了研究区三年间八月份NPP的生产、变化及其受土地利用/覆盖变化的影响特点:
研究区三年间八月份的NPP分别为152.01gC·m-2·mon-1、142.83gC·m-2·mon-1、96.32gC·m-2·mon-1,NPP区域平均值及区域生产总量逐年减少。1992年和2001年的各NPP水平区面积比重及NPP产量均随产量水平的提高而逐渐增大,2004年各区面积比重及NPP产量以中产区最高,以较高产区最低。三年间中产区以下的各NPP产量水平区面积比重及NPP区域生产总量均逐年增加,而高产区以及较高产区NPP面积百分比及NPP区域生产总量逐年减少,2004年较高产区面积比重及NPP产量下降最为剧烈。研究区同一年份内各土地利用类型NPP及NPP生产总量均以林地最高,
This study has researched in FangShan, Peiking, China and monitored and analyzed the evolutive characters of the land surface ecological component(LUCC(land use and land cover change)、NPP(net primary productivity), Soil and Water Loss, etc.) from 1992 to2001 and 2001 to 2004 in study area using remote sensing data integrated the methods and technologies of meteorology and GIS(Geography Information System). Then, taked these indicators in the evaluation indicator system of regional ecology quality and applied the method of hierarchical analysis to build the regional ecology quality assessment model. At last, based the model, analyzed the evolutive characters of the regional ecology quality.
This dissertation done some researches and drew some conclusions mainly as follows: 1. Used the Landsat TM image extracted the land use/cover classification change map between three years of the study area and analyzed the dynamic evolutive characters of the land use/cover change between three years.
The land use of the study area was mostly forest land and occupied 50.72%、50.73%、52.71% of the total area in three years. Then cropland, urban and village land, grass land was in turn. The forest land and urban and village land was increasing annually, otherwise the cropland and grass land trended to decrease. The change rate of the land use type of the latter stage was greater than the before.
The land consume degree and land development degree of land use type except water area increased year and year. The index of the dynamic degree increased annually. The dynamic degree of the residential area and construction land and water area changed severely. The crop land in study area mainly turned to wood land or urban and village land, grass land to crop land or wood land or construction land, wood land to urban and village land. The increasing area of the wood land and urban and village land came from crop land and grass land mostly. The increasing area of the unused land was mainly from crop land in latter and fore stage.
2. Used CASA model to calculate the NPP in August three years of the study area and analyze the product, change and characters effected by LUCC of the NPP.
In August of three years, the NPP was 152.01gC·m-2·mon-1, 142.83gC·m-2·mon-1,
引文
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