社会转型过程中的族群认同与宗教认同
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摘要
在人类学和社会学视野中,族群认同日益成为一个倍受关注的话题。本篇论文利用田野调查的第一手材料,从历史与现实的不同侧面入手,对分布在山东的三个散杂居回族族群的族群认同的基础、表现形式和族群认同的状况及发展趋势进行了考察。试图说明散杂居回族在当前现代化背景下出现的族群意识复苏、族群认同高涨的社会历史原因及其族群内部结构原因。
本文共分七章,第一章是对社会学族群认同理论和族群认同的研究综述,同时介绍了与本文有关联的西方社会关系网络理论和方法。解释了本文使用的关键概念---族群认同。对国内外关于回族和伊斯兰教的研究的现状和前沿争议问题做了梳理与说明。第二章是关于本文的研究背景、研究对象、研究方法以及资料获取的说明。第三、四章,从历时性的角度,描述了山东的两个回族散杂居社区---济南回民小区、临清黑庄的回族族群族群认同涨落的历史发展,总结了两个地方的回族族群共同的认同发展趋势,即都面临族群意识复苏、族群认同增强的状况和趋势。第五章描述了一个与上述两个地方的回族在族群认同发展趋势上完全不同的边缘性回族郓城县马楼村马氏家族的个案,在共时性的角度上,对该族群的内部结构与回民小区、黑庄进行比较,找寻该个案族群认同发展情况的内在结构原因。第六章和第七章,分析散杂居地区回族在当代呈现出的认同增强的状况和趋势产生的社会历史原因和内在结构原因,即对该现象的解释。并对学术界关于现代化与族群认同和族群关系的关系进行探讨,提出了二者关系上的新观点。即现代化既推动也阻碍族群认同,族群认同和族群关系的现状是两种相反的力量博弈的结果。在此基础上,提出族群关联的概念,指出族群关联是理解当前中国族群的一个具有统括能力的范畴。最后部分是结论。
本文的研究对象是分布在中国东部山东省的回族,属于散杂居地区的回族。因为他们在其族群诸现象的很多方面与西部聚居区的回族不同,因此,所得结论并不适宜西部回族,也不代表回族整体。本文只着眼于散杂居地区的回族。
Ethnic group identification is becoming a more favorable topic in anthropology and sociology.This thesis investigates the basis, symptom,situation and trend of the ethnic group Identification from historical and current aspects for the three scattered Hui ethnic groups in Shandong province using first-hand materials from field study.It tries to illustrate the historical,social and internal structural reasons why the ethnic group consciousness is recovering and why the ethnic recognition is rising for the scattered Hui under modernization backgournd.
The thesis includes seven chapters.Chapter one is the review of the sociological theories and researches in ethnic group recognition,as well as the introduction of the related western social network theories and methodologies.It also explains the key concept in this thesis–ethnic group recognition.In addition,the thesis examines and illustrates the current situation and controversial issues regarding researches in Hui and Islam nationally and internationally.Chapter two is the illustration of the background,targets,methodology and material acquiring. Chapter three and four describes the ethnic group recognition development in two scattered Hui communities of Shandong Province–Hui community in Jinan and Heizhuang of Linqing from historical point of view,and summarizes the common trend in Hui ethnic group recognition,i.e.they both faces the recovery of ethnic group consciousness and increase in ethnic group recognition.Chapter five describes marginal Hui case which is totally different from the two cases above in the trend of ethnic group recognition and compares the internal structure of this group with Hui community in Jinan and Heizhuang of Linqing from synchronizing point of view in order to find the structural reason of the ethnic group recognition development of this special case.Chapter six and seven analyses the historical,social and internal structural reasons why the situation and trend that scattered Hui has more recognition are developed, i.e. the explanation to this phenomenon.The thesis also discusses the relationship between modernization and ethnic group recognition and ethnic group relation, and expresses a new point view regarding the relationship. Based on the above analysis,the thesis defines the concept of ethnic group interrelation,and points out that ethnic group interrelation is a controlling category in understanding current Chinese ethnic groups.The last part is conclusion.
This thesis focuses on the Huis in east part of China,which are scattered Hui communities.Because they are different in many aspects of ethnic group from the gathered Huis in west part of China, the conclusion is not applicable to western Huis, and is not representing the whole Hui ethnic group.The thesis only considers the scattered Huis.
本文共分七章,第一章是对社会学族群认同理论和族群认同的研究综述,同时介绍了与本文有关联的西方社会关系网络理论和方法。解释了本文使用的关键概念---族群认同。对国内外关于回族和伊斯兰教的研究的现状和前沿争议问题做了梳理与说明。第二章是关于本文的研究背景、研究对象、研究方法以及资料获取的说明。第三、四章,从历时性的角度,描述了山东的两个回族散杂居社区---济南回民小区、临清黑庄的回族族群族群认同涨落的历史发展,总结了两个地方的回族族群共同的认同发展趋势,即都面临族群意识复苏、族群认同增强的状况和趋势。第五章描述了一个与上述两个地方的回族在族群认同发展趋势上完全不同的边缘性回族郓城县马楼村马氏家族的个案,在共时性的角度上,对该族群的内部结构与回民小区、黑庄进行比较,找寻该个案族群认同发展情况的内在结构原因。第六章和第七章,分析散杂居地区回族在当代呈现出的认同增强的状况和趋势产生的社会历史原因和内在结构原因,即对该现象的解释。并对学术界关于现代化与族群认同和族群关系的关系进行探讨,提出了二者关系上的新观点。即现代化既推动也阻碍族群认同,族群认同和族群关系的现状是两种相反的力量博弈的结果。在此基础上,提出族群关联的概念,指出族群关联是理解当前中国族群的一个具有统括能力的范畴。最后部分是结论。
本文的研究对象是分布在中国东部山东省的回族,属于散杂居地区的回族。因为他们在其族群诸现象的很多方面与西部聚居区的回族不同,因此,所得结论并不适宜西部回族,也不代表回族整体。本文只着眼于散杂居地区的回族。
Ethnic group identification is becoming a more favorable topic in anthropology and sociology.This thesis investigates the basis, symptom,situation and trend of the ethnic group Identification from historical and current aspects for the three scattered Hui ethnic groups in Shandong province using first-hand materials from field study.It tries to illustrate the historical,social and internal structural reasons why the ethnic group consciousness is recovering and why the ethnic recognition is rising for the scattered Hui under modernization backgournd.
The thesis includes seven chapters.Chapter one is the review of the sociological theories and researches in ethnic group recognition,as well as the introduction of the related western social network theories and methodologies.It also explains the key concept in this thesis–ethnic group recognition.In addition,the thesis examines and illustrates the current situation and controversial issues regarding researches in Hui and Islam nationally and internationally.Chapter two is the illustration of the background,targets,methodology and material acquiring. Chapter three and four describes the ethnic group recognition development in two scattered Hui communities of Shandong Province–Hui community in Jinan and Heizhuang of Linqing from historical point of view,and summarizes the common trend in Hui ethnic group recognition,i.e.they both faces the recovery of ethnic group consciousness and increase in ethnic group recognition.Chapter five describes marginal Hui case which is totally different from the two cases above in the trend of ethnic group recognition and compares the internal structure of this group with Hui community in Jinan and Heizhuang of Linqing from synchronizing point of view in order to find the structural reason of the ethnic group recognition development of this special case.Chapter six and seven analyses the historical,social and internal structural reasons why the situation and trend that scattered Hui has more recognition are developed, i.e. the explanation to this phenomenon.The thesis also discusses the relationship between modernization and ethnic group recognition and ethnic group relation, and expresses a new point view regarding the relationship. Based on the above analysis,the thesis defines the concept of ethnic group interrelation,and points out that ethnic group interrelation is a controlling category in understanding current Chinese ethnic groups.The last part is conclusion.
This thesis focuses on the Huis in east part of China,which are scattered Hui communities.Because they are different in many aspects of ethnic group from the gathered Huis in west part of China, the conclusion is not applicable to western Huis, and is not representing the whole Hui ethnic group.The thesis only considers the scattered Huis.
引文
④④济南清真南大寺。位于今济南市中区回民小区永街47号。按该寺明弘治八年碑记系大元乙未(1295年)春城内移来重建。.济南清真北大寺。位于永长街23号。按寺门外新记,始建于明弘治年间(1488—1505年)。.济南永长街清真女寺(女稍玛)。故址在永长街北大寺北邻。始建于民国年间。
⑤李兴华著《济南伊斯兰教研究》载《回族研究》2007年第3期。48页
⑥①详见杨永昌著《漫谈清真寺》[M],宁夏人民出版社,1981.8,第1～3页。
⑦参见伊牧之《济南伊斯兰教史》第323页中国档案出版社
⑧祥见《山东省志。民族志》第81页
⑩参见吴仕民主编《中国民族政策读本》第208—210页
11参见伊牧之《济南伊斯兰教史》中国档案出版社
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⑤李兴华著《济南伊斯兰教研究》载《回族研究》2007年第3期。48页
⑥①详见杨永昌著《漫谈清真寺》[M],宁夏人民出版社,1981.8,第1～3页。
⑦参见伊牧之《济南伊斯兰教史》第323页中国档案出版社
⑧祥见《山东省志。民族志》第81页
⑩参见吴仕民主编《中国民族政策读本》第208—210页
11参见伊牧之《济南伊斯兰教史》中国档案出版社
(1)涂尔干.宗教生活的基本形式[M].渠东,汲喆,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2006.
(2)张中复.清代西北回民事变:社会文化适应与民族认同的省思[M].台北:联经出版事业公司, 2001.
(3)纳日碧力戈.现代背景下的族群建构[M].昆明:云南教育出版社,2001.
(4)埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆著,李金梅译.民族与民族主义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2000.
(5)厄内斯特·盖尔纳著,韩红译.民族与民族主义[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2002.
(6)庄孔韶.人类学通论[M].太原:山西教育出版社,2002.
(7)于洪文著.《民族宗教无小事---十年工作回顾与思考》,《依法搞好宗教活动场所年检工作》[J].
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