基于小波多分辨率分析和小波包分解的电能质量谐波分析方法的研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的迅速发展以及电力市场的逐步形成,电能质量问题在许多国家已经引起电力部门和用户的广泛关注。供电质量不高将引起产品质量下降,甚至导致某些重要的生产过程中断,从而造成严重的经济损失。
    为了采取合理的措施提高电能质量,必须建立电能检测分析系统,对其进行正确的检测、评估和分类。由于在过去的二十多年中,研究工作的注意力都放在确定的谐波分析上,而实际上,在电能质量中大量非平稳、时变信号普遍存在,许多现代设备对这些非平稳、时变信号又非常敏感,在它的影响下可能无法正常工作,本文主要针对电能质量谐波问题中的时变谐波信号的测量方法进行研究。
    文中对电能质量中的一些短期变化现象做了解释,对过去有关谐波问题的研究及其理论基础作了一番回顾和探讨,指出了各种方法的优越性和局限性。同时根据时变信号的特点,突破了传统的一些做法,引入了较为适合检测非平稳信号的小波变换法, 把小波多分辨率分析和小波包分解应用到多类的电能质量问题分析上,提出了基于小波多分辨率分析和小波包分解的电能质量谐波分析方法。另外我们结合小波包分解和正交镜像对称滤波器的特点,提出了小波包的改进算法,利用该算法可对时变谐波信号的幅值进行比较精确的分析。本文还在对小波变换的理论及其在奇异点检测、消噪方面的应用原理、小波包分解和小波包的改进算法等进行了研讨的基础上,给出了一套比较完整的分析方法,指出首先可利用小尺度小波变换对原始信号突变点的检测、然后对噪声干扰比较严重的场合可利用小波进行消噪、而后再通过多分辨率分析可判断出是否为电能质量中的一些短期变化现象(如短时断电、电压骤升、骤降)或低频暂态,最后利用上述小波包的改进算法,将测得的时变谐波信号在相应各次谐波的频段上展开,进行分解、分析。整个过程利用了MATLAB进行仿真,仿真结果是有效的,说明了该方法的可靠性和实用性。
With the rapid development of national economics and electricity markets, both utility companies and their customers in many countries have paid close attention to power quality issues. A poor supply quality can degrade the quality of products, interrupt the important industry processes and therefore lead to economic losses.
    To improve the electric power quality via reasonable steps, a monitoring and analyzing system must be established to detect estimate and classify the different disturbance. Over the past two decades, much attention has been paid to deterministic harmonic analysis. However, there are a lot of non-stationary time-varying signals in electric power system, but some modern equipment are sensitive to this kinds of signals, so that they can't work well. Here, we study the detection methods in accordance with time-varying harmonics of power quality.
    Some Short-Duration Variations phenomena are illuminated in this paper. Studies of the harmonics and their theory foundation have been reviewed and discussed, and then the merits and demerits of these traditional methods are pointed out. According to the characteristics of time-varying signals, we introduce the wavelet transform fitting for detecting non-stationary signals, which breaks through the traditional methods. Wavelet multi-resolution analysis and wavelet package transform are applied to the analyses of many kinds of power qualities problems. Based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis and wavelet package transform, the method for harmonics analysis of power quality, is put forward in this paper. In addition, according to the characteristics of wavelet packet transform and that of conjugate quadrature filter bank, we bring forward the ameliorated arithmetic of wavelet packet. The amplitude of time-varying harmonics can be measured accurately through the ameliorated arithmetic. We also study the theory of wavelet transform
    
    and its application in detecting singularity and denoising, wavelet packet transform and its ameliorated arithmetic. After that a set of integrated method is shown as follow. Firstly, the saltation-point can be detected by using small scale wavelet transform; secondly, if there are serious noises on some occasion, the signals can be denoised by wavelet transform; thirdly, it can be judged whether the signals are the short-duration voltage variations (such as interruption, sag, swell) or the low frequency oscillatory transient by the wavelet multi-resolution analysis; lastly, the distinguished time-varying harmonics signals can be decomposed into their corresponding frequency band. All the processes are simulated by using MATLAB, and the results of the simulations are valid, which proves that our methods are reliable and practicable.
引文
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