大学生完美主义与父母教养方式、应对方式的关系研究
|
摘要
为了进一步了解大学生完美主义心理,考察完美主义与父母教养方式、应对方式之间的关系,采用《大学生完美主义问卷》,《应对方式问卷》和《父母养育方式评价量表》(EMBU)对450名大学生进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)大学生完美主义处于中等偏上水平,总体上是适应性的。(2)大学生完美主义存在性别、专业、年级的显著差异。在父母要求维度,男生显著高于女生;在个人标准维度,理科生显著高于文科生,大一学生显著高于大二、大三学生;在条理性维度,大一、大三学生条理性显著高于大二学生。(3)父母对大学生的教养方式更多表现为情感温暖、理解,偏爱,过分干涉过度保护,较少采用拒绝否认、惩罚严厉的教养方式。(4)大学生倾向于采取较为成熟的应对方式,包括解决问题、求助,较少使用幻想、退避、自责等不成熟的应对方式。(5)父母教养方式与完美主义的父母要求、担心出错因子关系最为密切,并能够有效地预测这两个因子。(6)完美主义中的担心出错、父母要求因子与不成熟的应对方式显著正相关,个人标准、条理性因子和解决问题因子显著正相关;担心出错、个人标准和条理性能有效预测应对方式。(7)父母不良的教养方式与不成熟的应对方式显著正相关,但总体上,父母教养对应对方式的预测作用有限。(8)父母教养方式可以通过影响大学生完美主义间接影响其应对方式。
In order to make further understanding of college students' perfectionism psychology and explore the relationship among perfectionism, parental rearing and coping styles, Perfectionism Scale for Chinese College Student, Coping Styles Scale and EMBU were conducted to survey 450 college students. The result shows:
(1) It is general adaptability that the total level of college students' perfectionism psychology is higher than average level.
(2) The college student's perfectionism shows significant difference in gender, professional, grade. The level of male students' perfectionism is higher than that of female students at the dimension of parental demanding; The students who study science is notably higher than the student who study literal arts at the dimension of personal standard; The freshman is higher than the students in Grade Two and Grade Three at the dimension of personal standard; The students in Grade One and Grade Three are higher than the students in Grade Two at the dimension of logic.
(3) Parental rearing styles of college students shown more warmth, understanding, Preference, excessive interference, over-protection, and less severe rearing styles, such as refusal, punishment.
(4) College students incline to take mature coping styles, including solving problem, seeking help. And it is less likely to take immature coping styles, such as fantasy, withdrawal and feeling guilty, etc..
(5) Parental rearing patterns relate mostly to perfectionism at the dimension of parental demanding and worrying about making mistake and they play an important role in predicting these two factors.
(6) Parental demanding and worrying about making mistake relate positively to immature coping styles, personal standard and logic relate positively to solving problem; worrying about making mistakes, personal standard and logic can predict coping styles effectively.
(7) Bad parental rearing patterns relate positively to immature coping styles, but totally, the predicting function of parenting style to coping style is limited.
(8) Parental rearing patterns can influence coping styles indirectly by influencing college students' perfectionism.
In order to make further understanding of college students' perfectionism psychology and explore the relationship among perfectionism, parental rearing and coping styles, Perfectionism Scale for Chinese College Student, Coping Styles Scale and EMBU were conducted to survey 450 college students. The result shows:
(1) It is general adaptability that the total level of college students' perfectionism psychology is higher than average level.
(2) The college student's perfectionism shows significant difference in gender, professional, grade. The level of male students' perfectionism is higher than that of female students at the dimension of parental demanding; The students who study science is notably higher than the student who study literal arts at the dimension of personal standard; The freshman is higher than the students in Grade Two and Grade Three at the dimension of personal standard; The students in Grade One and Grade Three are higher than the students in Grade Two at the dimension of logic.
(3) Parental rearing styles of college students shown more warmth, understanding, Preference, excessive interference, over-protection, and less severe rearing styles, such as refusal, punishment.
(4) College students incline to take mature coping styles, including solving problem, seeking help. And it is less likely to take immature coping styles, such as fantasy, withdrawal and feeling guilty, etc..
(5) Parental rearing patterns relate mostly to perfectionism at the dimension of parental demanding and worrying about making mistake and they play an important role in predicting these two factors.
(6) Parental demanding and worrying about making mistake relate positively to immature coping styles, personal standard and logic relate positively to solving problem; worrying about making mistakes, personal standard and logic can predict coping styles effectively.
(7) Bad parental rearing patterns relate positively to immature coping styles, but totally, the predicting function of parenting style to coping style is limited.
(8) Parental rearing patterns can influence coping styles indirectly by influencing college students' perfectionism.
引文
[1]黄希庭,郑涌.大学生心理健康与咨询.高等教育出版社,2000
[2]Rice KG,Bair CJ,Castro JR,et al.Meanings of perfectionism:A quantitative and qualitative analysis.Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy,2003,17(1):39-58
[3]Frost RO,Heimberg RG,Holt CS,et al.A comparison of perfectionism.Person Indiv Diff,1993,14:119-126
[4]Homey,K.Neurosis and Human Growth:The Struggle Toward Self-Realization.New York:W.W.Norton,1950
[5]杨宏飞.Frost多维完美主义量表在740名本科生中的试用.中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(2)
[6]Weissman AN,Beck A.Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitudes scale.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of the Advancement of Behavior Therapy,Chicago,1978.
[7]Burns,D.The perfectionist's script for self-defeat.Psychology Today,1980,14(6):34-52
[8]Hewitt,P.L.,& Flett,G.L.Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1991,100:98-101
[9]林俊德.准咨商员于初次晤谈中有关完美主义思考与相关行为之分析研究.[国立彰化师范大学,硕士学位论文],1998
[10]Frost,R.,Marten,P.,Lahart,C.,& Rosenblate,R.The dimensions of perfectionism.Cognitive Therapy and Research,1990,14:449-468
[11]Slaney,R.,Ashby,J.,&Trippi,J.Perfectionism:Its measurement and career relevance.Journal of Career Assessment,1995,3(3):279-297
[12]Pacht AR.Reflections on Perfectionism.Am Psychol,1984,39(4):386-390
[13]Hewitt,P.L.,& Flett,G.L.Perfectionism in the self and social contexts:Conceptualization,assessment,and association with psychopathology.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1991,60:456-470
[14]Hamachek,D.E.(1978),Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism,Psychology:A Journal of Human Behavior.1978 Feb,15(1),27-33
[15]Parker,W.D.An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children.American Educational Research Journal,1997,34:545-562
[16]訾非.完美主义心理研究的历史和现状.心理科学,2004,27(4):943-945
[17]Frost RO,Lahart C,Rosenblate R.The development of perfectionism:A study of daughters and their parents.Cognitive Therapy and Research,1991,15(6):469-489
[18]Chang EC.Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes:Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults.Journal of Counseling Psychology,2000,47(1):18-26
[19]Vieth AZ,Trull TJ.Family patterns of perfectionism:An examination of college students and their parents.Journal of Personality Assessment,1999,72(1):49-67
[20]Flynn CA,Hewitt PL,Flett GL,et al.The development of perfectionism:Parental behavior and cultural influences.Journal of Personality Assessment,2001,74(1):79-92
[21]Kaner A,Bulik CM,Sullivan PF.Abuse in adult relationships of bulimic women.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,1993,8(1):52-63
[22]王敬群,梁宝勇.完美主义发展模型综述.心理与行为研究,2005,3(4):314-318
[23]Hewitt PL,Dyck DG.Perfectionism,Stress,and Vulnerability to Depression.Cogn Ther Res,1986,10(1):137-142
[24]Juster HR,Heimberg RG,Frost RO,et al.Social phobia and perfectionism.Pers Individ Differ,1996,21:403-410
[25]Ashby JS,Kottman T.Inferiority As a Distinction Between Normal and Neurotic Perfectionism.Individ Psychol,1996,52(3):237-245
[26]杨宏飞,张小燕.大学生的完美主义与心理健康的关系.中国心理卫生杂志.2004,18(9)
[27]谢玉兰.大学生自我完美主义倾向及其与心理异常的相关研究.河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,31(4)
[28]佟月华,宋尚桂.大学生完美主以与自尊、主观幸祸感的关系.中国学校卫生,2005,26(11)
[29]訾非,周旭,大学二年级男生的完美主义心理、羞怯与自杀念头的相关研究.中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(4)
[30]訾非,对权威的畏惧感、对他人否定评价的惧怕与非适应性完美主义.中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(4)
[31]Schuler,R A.Voices of Perfectionism:Perfectionistic Gifted Adolescents in a Rural Middle School.Stows,CT:The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented,University of Connecticut.1999
[32]Silverman,L.K.Perfectionism.Paper presented at the 11th world Conference on Gifted Talented Children,Hong Kong.1995
[33]Orange,C.Gifted students and perfectionism.Roeper Review,1997,20:39-41
[34]Schuler,P.A.Perfectionism and gifted adolescents.The Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, Ⅱ,2000,6(4):183-196
[35]Kline,B.E.,& Short,E.B.Changes in emotional resilience:Gifted adolescent females.Roeper Review,1991,13:118-121
[36]Parker,W.D.& Adkins,K.K.Perfectionism and the gifted.Roeper Review,1995,17:173-176
[37]Nancy Darling& Lawrence Steinberg,Parenting Style as Context:An Integrative Mode.Psychological Bulletin,1993:113(3)" 487-496
[38]Darling,N & Sterberg.L,Parenting style as context:An integative model.Psychological Bulletin,1993,113:487-496
[39]伊廷伟.父母的教养方式、学生的基本心理需要对学生的学业成绩的影响.[北京师范大学硕士学位论文],2005
[40]Baumrind,D.Current patterns parental authority.Developmental of Psychology Monograph,1971,4(2,Pt2):1-98
[41]刘金花,上海市中学生父母的教养态度与台湾父母教养态度的比较.心理科学,1991,(1)
[42]苏娟,高职生心理健康与父母教养方式、应对方式、情绪智力的管理研究.[扬州师范大学硕士学位论文],2007:13
[43]张义新,儿童社会性发展,北京师范大学出版社,1999:99
[44]关颖等.家庭教育方式与儿童社会化.天津社会科学,1994,4:107-110
[45]马伟娜,父母养育方式、应对方式与大学生心理健康的关系.健康心理学杂志,2004,12(3):216-217
[46]李士保,席波,付茂笋,孙付胜.城乡大学生应对方式与父母教养方式的关系及影响因素研究.中国行为医学科学,2006,15(5):398-399
[47]李茹,张志群,王育强,李贤慧.武警医学生应对方式与父母养育方式的相关研究.中国行为医学科学,2005,14(7),655-656
[48]韩娟,吴汉荣等.医学生父母教养方式与自尊的相关研究.中国学校卫生,2005,26:453-454
[49]李军,席波,付茂笋,孙付胜.父母教养方式及有关因素对贫困大学生应对方式的影响研究.中国校医,2006,4:20(2)126-128
[50]李茹,王育强等.父母养育方式与武装警察部队医科学生人格特征及应对方式的相关性.中国临床康复,2006,10(2)
[51]訾非,周旭.大学生完美主义心理与父母养育方式的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,20G5,13(5):321-323
[52]叶一舵,申艳娥.应对及应对方式研究综述.心理科学,2002,125(6)
[53]郑跃忠.毕业生焦虑水平与人格偏好、应对方式关系的研究.[北京师范大学硕士学位论 文],2004
[54]范瑞泉,陈维清.大学生社会支持和应对方式与抑郁和焦虑情绪的关系.中国学校心理卫生,2007,28(7)
[55]王渭玲,汪勇.276名医科大学生应对方式、人格与心理健康调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(2)
[56]陈红,黄希庭,郭成.中学生人格特征与应对方式的相关研究.心理科学,2002,25(5)
[57]岑延远,郑雪.大学生成就需要、自尊水平与应对方式的相关研究.心理学探新,2005,25(2)
[58]王振宏.初中生自我概念、应对方式及其关系的研究.心理发展与教育,2001,17(3)
[59]李育辉,张建新.中学生的自我效能感、应对方式及二者的关系.中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(10)
[60]李宏利,雷雳.青少年的时间透视、应对方式与互联网使用的关系.心理发展与教育,2004,20(2)
[61]尹小琳等.初中生师生关系与应对方式及其相互关系研究.中国学校卫生,2006,27(12)
[62]骆宏,马俞虹.压力管理训练对小学教师压力应对方式的影响.中国学校卫生,2005,26(1)
[63]方新,钱铭怡,罗珊红,訾非.大学生完美主义问卷的修订.中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(9)
[64]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册增订版.北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.161-167
[65]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册增订版.北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:109-115
[66]赵燕,杨宏飞.大学生大五人格和完美主义关系研究.浙江预防医学,2007,19(3)
[67]孟祥红,刘玉良.大学生防御方式与父母教养方式研究.统计研究,2004,(7)
[68]邓丽芳,徐慊,郑日昌.大学生气质类型、父母教养方式与孤独感的关系研究.心理发展与教育,2006,22(3)
[69]付海荣,陈学彬.家庭环境对医学生心理健康、人格、应对方式的影响.中国特殊教育,2006,(10)
[70]Strage AA.Family context variables and the development of self-regulation in college students.Adolescence,1998,33(129):17-31
[71]侯玉波,张梦等.青少年思维方式与应对方式的关系.学校心理卫生2007,21(3)
[2]Rice KG,Bair CJ,Castro JR,et al.Meanings of perfectionism:A quantitative and qualitative analysis.Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy,2003,17(1):39-58
[3]Frost RO,Heimberg RG,Holt CS,et al.A comparison of perfectionism.Person Indiv Diff,1993,14:119-126
[4]Homey,K.Neurosis and Human Growth:The Struggle Toward Self-Realization.New York:W.W.Norton,1950
[5]杨宏飞.Frost多维完美主义量表在740名本科生中的试用.中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(2)
[6]Weissman AN,Beck A.Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitudes scale.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of the Advancement of Behavior Therapy,Chicago,1978.
[7]Burns,D.The perfectionist's script for self-defeat.Psychology Today,1980,14(6):34-52
[8]Hewitt,P.L.,& Flett,G.L.Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1991,100:98-101
[9]林俊德.准咨商员于初次晤谈中有关完美主义思考与相关行为之分析研究.[国立彰化师范大学,硕士学位论文],1998
[10]Frost,R.,Marten,P.,Lahart,C.,& Rosenblate,R.The dimensions of perfectionism.Cognitive Therapy and Research,1990,14:449-468
[11]Slaney,R.,Ashby,J.,&Trippi,J.Perfectionism:Its measurement and career relevance.Journal of Career Assessment,1995,3(3):279-297
[12]Pacht AR.Reflections on Perfectionism.Am Psychol,1984,39(4):386-390
[13]Hewitt,P.L.,& Flett,G.L.Perfectionism in the self and social contexts:Conceptualization,assessment,and association with psychopathology.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1991,60:456-470
[14]Hamachek,D.E.(1978),Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism,Psychology:A Journal of Human Behavior.1978 Feb,15(1),27-33
[15]Parker,W.D.An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children.American Educational Research Journal,1997,34:545-562
[16]訾非.完美主义心理研究的历史和现状.心理科学,2004,27(4):943-945
[17]Frost RO,Lahart C,Rosenblate R.The development of perfectionism:A study of daughters and their parents.Cognitive Therapy and Research,1991,15(6):469-489
[18]Chang EC.Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes:Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults.Journal of Counseling Psychology,2000,47(1):18-26
[19]Vieth AZ,Trull TJ.Family patterns of perfectionism:An examination of college students and their parents.Journal of Personality Assessment,1999,72(1):49-67
[20]Flynn CA,Hewitt PL,Flett GL,et al.The development of perfectionism:Parental behavior and cultural influences.Journal of Personality Assessment,2001,74(1):79-92
[21]Kaner A,Bulik CM,Sullivan PF.Abuse in adult relationships of bulimic women.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,1993,8(1):52-63
[22]王敬群,梁宝勇.完美主义发展模型综述.心理与行为研究,2005,3(4):314-318
[23]Hewitt PL,Dyck DG.Perfectionism,Stress,and Vulnerability to Depression.Cogn Ther Res,1986,10(1):137-142
[24]Juster HR,Heimberg RG,Frost RO,et al.Social phobia and perfectionism.Pers Individ Differ,1996,21:403-410
[25]Ashby JS,Kottman T.Inferiority As a Distinction Between Normal and Neurotic Perfectionism.Individ Psychol,1996,52(3):237-245
[26]杨宏飞,张小燕.大学生的完美主义与心理健康的关系.中国心理卫生杂志.2004,18(9)
[27]谢玉兰.大学生自我完美主义倾向及其与心理异常的相关研究.河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,31(4)
[28]佟月华,宋尚桂.大学生完美主以与自尊、主观幸祸感的关系.中国学校卫生,2005,26(11)
[29]訾非,周旭,大学二年级男生的完美主义心理、羞怯与自杀念头的相关研究.中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(4)
[30]訾非,对权威的畏惧感、对他人否定评价的惧怕与非适应性完美主义.中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(4)
[31]Schuler,R A.Voices of Perfectionism:Perfectionistic Gifted Adolescents in a Rural Middle School.Stows,CT:The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented,University of Connecticut.1999
[32]Silverman,L.K.Perfectionism.Paper presented at the 11th world Conference on Gifted Talented Children,Hong Kong.1995
[33]Orange,C.Gifted students and perfectionism.Roeper Review,1997,20:39-41
[34]Schuler,P.A.Perfectionism and gifted adolescents.The Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, Ⅱ,2000,6(4):183-196
[35]Kline,B.E.,& Short,E.B.Changes in emotional resilience:Gifted adolescent females.Roeper Review,1991,13:118-121
[36]Parker,W.D.& Adkins,K.K.Perfectionism and the gifted.Roeper Review,1995,17:173-176
[37]Nancy Darling& Lawrence Steinberg,Parenting Style as Context:An Integrative Mode.Psychological Bulletin,1993:113(3)" 487-496
[38]Darling,N & Sterberg.L,Parenting style as context:An integative model.Psychological Bulletin,1993,113:487-496
[39]伊廷伟.父母的教养方式、学生的基本心理需要对学生的学业成绩的影响.[北京师范大学硕士学位论文],2005
[40]Baumrind,D.Current patterns parental authority.Developmental of Psychology Monograph,1971,4(2,Pt2):1-98
[41]刘金花,上海市中学生父母的教养态度与台湾父母教养态度的比较.心理科学,1991,(1)
[42]苏娟,高职生心理健康与父母教养方式、应对方式、情绪智力的管理研究.[扬州师范大学硕士学位论文],2007:13
[43]张义新,儿童社会性发展,北京师范大学出版社,1999:99
[44]关颖等.家庭教育方式与儿童社会化.天津社会科学,1994,4:107-110
[45]马伟娜,父母养育方式、应对方式与大学生心理健康的关系.健康心理学杂志,2004,12(3):216-217
[46]李士保,席波,付茂笋,孙付胜.城乡大学生应对方式与父母教养方式的关系及影响因素研究.中国行为医学科学,2006,15(5):398-399
[47]李茹,张志群,王育强,李贤慧.武警医学生应对方式与父母养育方式的相关研究.中国行为医学科学,2005,14(7),655-656
[48]韩娟,吴汉荣等.医学生父母教养方式与自尊的相关研究.中国学校卫生,2005,26:453-454
[49]李军,席波,付茂笋,孙付胜.父母教养方式及有关因素对贫困大学生应对方式的影响研究.中国校医,2006,4:20(2)126-128
[50]李茹,王育强等.父母养育方式与武装警察部队医科学生人格特征及应对方式的相关性.中国临床康复,2006,10(2)
[51]訾非,周旭.大学生完美主义心理与父母养育方式的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,20G5,13(5):321-323
[52]叶一舵,申艳娥.应对及应对方式研究综述.心理科学,2002,125(6)
[53]郑跃忠.毕业生焦虑水平与人格偏好、应对方式关系的研究.[北京师范大学硕士学位论 文],2004
[54]范瑞泉,陈维清.大学生社会支持和应对方式与抑郁和焦虑情绪的关系.中国学校心理卫生,2007,28(7)
[55]王渭玲,汪勇.276名医科大学生应对方式、人格与心理健康调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(2)
[56]陈红,黄希庭,郭成.中学生人格特征与应对方式的相关研究.心理科学,2002,25(5)
[57]岑延远,郑雪.大学生成就需要、自尊水平与应对方式的相关研究.心理学探新,2005,25(2)
[58]王振宏.初中生自我概念、应对方式及其关系的研究.心理发展与教育,2001,17(3)
[59]李育辉,张建新.中学生的自我效能感、应对方式及二者的关系.中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(10)
[60]李宏利,雷雳.青少年的时间透视、应对方式与互联网使用的关系.心理发展与教育,2004,20(2)
[61]尹小琳等.初中生师生关系与应对方式及其相互关系研究.中国学校卫生,2006,27(12)
[62]骆宏,马俞虹.压力管理训练对小学教师压力应对方式的影响.中国学校卫生,2005,26(1)
[63]方新,钱铭怡,罗珊红,訾非.大学生完美主义问卷的修订.中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(9)
[64]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册增订版.北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.161-167
[65]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册增订版.北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:109-115
[66]赵燕,杨宏飞.大学生大五人格和完美主义关系研究.浙江预防医学,2007,19(3)
[67]孟祥红,刘玉良.大学生防御方式与父母教养方式研究.统计研究,2004,(7)
[68]邓丽芳,徐慊,郑日昌.大学生气质类型、父母教养方式与孤独感的关系研究.心理发展与教育,2006,22(3)
[69]付海荣,陈学彬.家庭环境对医学生心理健康、人格、应对方式的影响.中国特殊教育,2006,(10)
[70]Strage AA.Family context variables and the development of self-regulation in college students.Adolescence,1998,33(129):17-31
[71]侯玉波,张梦等.青少年思维方式与应对方式的关系.学校心理卫生2007,21(3)