基于虚拟现实的感知交通技术研究
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摘要
天气的变化直接影响着交通。大雾、暴雨、积雪会引起交通瘫痪,增加交通事故的发生率,给人们的出行造成不便。因此,研究天气对交通的影响有着重要的意义。
虚拟现实技术可以令用户有身临其境的感觉。把虚拟现实技术引入到交通研究中,研究人员就不需要到现场做反复的实验只需在虚拟交通中验证交通控制方法的可行性和合理性。也就是说用虚拟现实技术来研究感知交通可以通过占用小部分的计算机资源得到理想的结果。在此运用虚拟现实技术来研究感知交通主要是通过三维仿真的形式来模拟感知交通技术在实际中的应用,首先在控制现场采集数据,然后实现数据的处理,最后根据处理结果对虚拟交通实行优化或管制。
本文主要是研究城市交通问题。由于现实的城市模型较大,所以本文选择校园模型类比城市模型,将校园中的T字型交叉路口作为城市交通中的一个点展开研究。在交叉路口以随机车辆数和随天气变化的车辆速度来模拟城市交通流,研究了晴天、雨天和雾天等不同天气条件下交叉路口信号灯的模糊控制方法。
本文首先通过视景仿真工具MultiGen Creator建立了学校的模型,然后在Visual C++6.0集成开发环境下,采用Vega API、Matlab中模糊控制函数和引擎调用函数实现了场景的整合、不同天气的模拟、交通流的模拟、车与交通灯的智能模糊控制,最后通过实时漫游和实时控制时间的显示来观察和分析控制效果的好坏。结果表明在不同天气条件下传统的定时控制效果明显劣于模糊控制效果,提出的基于虚拟现实的感知交通技术研究具有一定的现实意义。
The change in the weather directly affects the traffic. Thick fog, rainstorm and snow can cause traffic gridlock, increase the incidence of traffic accidents and cause inconvenience to people's travel. Therefore researching the impact of weather on traffic has great significance.
Virtual reality technology makes user feel like being in the real environment. When virtual reality technology is introduced into the traffic study, researchers will not need to do experiments repeatedly in the actual scene in order to verify that the method is feasible and reasonable, and just need to research in the virtual environment. It means that the use of virtual reality technology can take a small portion of resources to get the desired results. Using virtual reality to research the perception transportation is mainly to simulate the practical application of the perception transportation technology by the three-dimensional simulation, which firstly collects data in the control site, and then processes data, finally uses them to optimize or control the virtual traffic.
This article mainly studies the urban traffic problems. The actual city model is too large, so in this article the campus model is selected to analogize the whole city model. The T crossroad of campus is taken as a single research point of the urban traffic to research. In the intersection, a random number of vehicles and the vehicle-speed under the different weather conditions can be used to simulate the urban traffic flow. Under the different weather conditions, including sunny day, rain, fog and so on, the fuzzy control method of the intersection signal light can be researched.
This article establishes school model with visual simulation tools Multigen Creator. And then in the integrated development environment of Visual C++ 6.0, Vega API, Matlab fuzzy control functions and engine functions are used to realize the integration of the scene, the simulation of different weather and traffic flow, the fuzzy control of vehicles and traffic lights. Finally the control effect is observed and analyzed through the real-time roaming and the real control time display. The simulating results indicate that under the different weather conditions the fuzzy control effect is better than the conventional time-fixed mode, which proves that the research of perception transportation technology based on virtual reality is practical and significant.
虚拟现实技术可以令用户有身临其境的感觉。把虚拟现实技术引入到交通研究中,研究人员就不需要到现场做反复的实验只需在虚拟交通中验证交通控制方法的可行性和合理性。也就是说用虚拟现实技术来研究感知交通可以通过占用小部分的计算机资源得到理想的结果。在此运用虚拟现实技术来研究感知交通主要是通过三维仿真的形式来模拟感知交通技术在实际中的应用,首先在控制现场采集数据,然后实现数据的处理,最后根据处理结果对虚拟交通实行优化或管制。
本文主要是研究城市交通问题。由于现实的城市模型较大,所以本文选择校园模型类比城市模型,将校园中的T字型交叉路口作为城市交通中的一个点展开研究。在交叉路口以随机车辆数和随天气变化的车辆速度来模拟城市交通流,研究了晴天、雨天和雾天等不同天气条件下交叉路口信号灯的模糊控制方法。
本文首先通过视景仿真工具MultiGen Creator建立了学校的模型,然后在Visual C++6.0集成开发环境下,采用Vega API、Matlab中模糊控制函数和引擎调用函数实现了场景的整合、不同天气的模拟、交通流的模拟、车与交通灯的智能模糊控制,最后通过实时漫游和实时控制时间的显示来观察和分析控制效果的好坏。结果表明在不同天气条件下传统的定时控制效果明显劣于模糊控制效果,提出的基于虚拟现实的感知交通技术研究具有一定的现实意义。
The change in the weather directly affects the traffic. Thick fog, rainstorm and snow can cause traffic gridlock, increase the incidence of traffic accidents and cause inconvenience to people's travel. Therefore researching the impact of weather on traffic has great significance.
Virtual reality technology makes user feel like being in the real environment. When virtual reality technology is introduced into the traffic study, researchers will not need to do experiments repeatedly in the actual scene in order to verify that the method is feasible and reasonable, and just need to research in the virtual environment. It means that the use of virtual reality technology can take a small portion of resources to get the desired results. Using virtual reality to research the perception transportation is mainly to simulate the practical application of the perception transportation technology by the three-dimensional simulation, which firstly collects data in the control site, and then processes data, finally uses them to optimize or control the virtual traffic.
This article mainly studies the urban traffic problems. The actual city model is too large, so in this article the campus model is selected to analogize the whole city model. The T crossroad of campus is taken as a single research point of the urban traffic to research. In the intersection, a random number of vehicles and the vehicle-speed under the different weather conditions can be used to simulate the urban traffic flow. Under the different weather conditions, including sunny day, rain, fog and so on, the fuzzy control method of the intersection signal light can be researched.
This article establishes school model with visual simulation tools Multigen Creator. And then in the integrated development environment of Visual C++ 6.0, Vega API, Matlab fuzzy control functions and engine functions are used to realize the integration of the scene, the simulation of different weather and traffic flow, the fuzzy control of vehicles and traffic lights. Finally the control effect is observed and analyzed through the real-time roaming and the real control time display. The simulating results indicate that under the different weather conditions the fuzzy control effect is better than the conventional time-fixed mode, which proves that the research of perception transportation technology based on virtual reality is practical and significant.
引文
[1]Harold Brodsky, Hakkert A Shalom, Risk of a road accident in rainy weather[J], Accident Analysis and Prevention,1988,161-176.
[2]Edwards B Julia, The relationship between road accident severity and recorded weather[J], Journal of Safety Research,2002,249-262.
[3]刘纯凯,高速公路雾区保畅智能电子诱导系统的研究与实践[J],浙江交通经,2006(12),20-21.
[4]严新平,陈茹,汽车驾驶模拟器虚拟视景中天气特效设计与实现[D],武汉理工大学优秀硕士学位论文,2007,8-12.
[5]Mehmet Frat, Learning in 3D virtual worlds and current situation in Turkey[J], Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,249-254.
[6]Reeves W.T., Particle Systems Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects[C], In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH,1983.
[7]Goss M E, A real time particle system for display of ship wakes[J], IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1990,10(3),30-35.
[8]P Beaudoin, S Paquet, P Poulin, Realistic and Controllable Fire Simulation [C], Proceedings of Graphics Interface, Ottawa,2001,159-166.
[9]Langer MS, Zhang L, Klein AW, Bhatia A, Pereira J, Rekhi D, Aspectral-particle hybrid method for rendering falling snow[Z], In:Rendering techniques 2004 (euro graphics symposium on rendering), New York:ACM Press,2004.
[10]Kruger J, Kipfer P, Konclratieva P, Westermann R, A particle system for interactive visualization of 3D flows, Visualization and Computer Graphics IEEE Transactions,2005(6), 744-745.
[11]Simon Clavet, Philippe Beaudoin, Pierre Poulin, Particle-based viscoelastic fluid simulation[C], SCA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation,2005.
[12]Coutinho, Bruno Barcellos Oliveira, Antonio A. F., Atencio, Yalmar Ponce, Giraldi, Gilson Antonio, Rain Scene Animation through Particle Systems and Surface Flow Simulation by SPH, Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI) 2010 23rd SIBGRAPI Conference, 2010,252-262.
[13]Marko Heinrich, Bruce H. Thomas, Stefan Mueller, ARWeather-An Augmented Reality Weather System[J], IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2008,187-188.
[14]杨建,蔡兴泉,基于粒子系统的飘雪景观特效模拟技术研究[D],北方工业大学优秀硕士学位论文,2010,3-4.
[15]王柯,杜斌,黄健,虚拟环境中池塘雨景雪景的构造与绘制[J],计算机仿真,2007(11),214-217.
[16]徐慧玲,基于粒子系统三维云的模拟仿真[D],武汉理工大学优秀硕士学位论文,2010,6-18.
[17]Serge P Hoogendoorn, Piet H L Bovy, State-of-the-art of vehicular traffic flow modeling[J], Special Issue on Road Traffic Modeling and Control of the Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2000.
[18]Martin Treiber, Arne Kesting, Dirk Helbing,Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models[J], Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2006(1), 71-88.
[19]T. Wan, T. Tang, An intelligent vehicle model for 3D visual traffic simulation[C], Visual Information Engineering 2003 International Conference,2003.
[20]Z. Toth-Szabo, K. Kovacs, Do We Have to Take Into Account the Human Mistakes during Traffic Simulation[C], Intelligent Engineering Systems 2007 INES 2007.1 lth International Conference,2007.
[21]Asaithambi Gowri, Kanagaraj Venkatesan, Ramaswamy Sivanandan, Object-oriented methodology for intersection simulation model under heterogeneous traffic conditions, Advances in Engineering Software,2009(10),1000-1010.
[22]Michel Van Aerd, Hesham Rakha, etc, INTEGRATION 2.30 User's Guide[R]. Michel Van Aerde& Associates Ltd Blackburg Virginia,2005.
[23]Wang Wen-bo, Research of Traffic Safety Simulation Based on 3DS MAX[C], Computer Modeling and Simulation 2009. ICCMS'09. International Conference,2009,307-309.
[24]JongWan Kim, Byeong Man Kim, A GA-Based Fuzzy Traffic Simulation for Crossroad Management[J],IEEE,2001,7803-6657.
[25]吴娇蓉,交通系统仿真及应用[M],同济大学出版社,2004,15-25.
[26]Raj SG haman, Li zhang, Gene McHale and Charlie Stallard, The Role of Traffic Simulation in Traffic Signal Control System Development[J], IEEE,2003,872-877.
[27]Wang Chun, Chen Ge, Liu Yanyan, Margaret Home, Virtual-Reality Based Integrated Traffic Simulation for Urban Planning[J], Computer Science and Software Engineering,2008 International Conference,2008,1137-1140.
[28]杨丽,李光耀,城市仿真建模工具—CREATOR软件教程[M],同济大学出版社,2007.
[29]孟晓梅,刘文庆,MutlGen Creator教程[M],国防工业出版社,2005.
[30]龚卓蓉,可选模块的使用与开发[M],国防工业出版社,2003.
[31]王乘,李利军,周均清,周大炜,Vega实时三维视景仿真技术[M],华中科技大学出版社,2005.
[32]龚卓蓉,Vega程序设计[M],国防工业出版社,2002.
[33]唐凯,康凤举,褚彦军,Vega中云的仿真方法[J],系统仿真学报,2005(9),2051-2069.
[34]D.E.Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming,Vol.2.3rd[M], Addison-Wesley Reading MA, 1997.
[35]沈华韵,张鹏,王侃,改进线性同余法随机数发生器[J],清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009(2),191-193.
[36]陈红萍,王少俊,梁运香,陆春华,不良天气下城市交通安全的分析研究[J],太原科技,2008(5),43-44.
[37]J. Perrin,P, T. Martin, B. G. Hansen, Modifying Signal Timing during Inclement Weather [A], Transportation.Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, Washington D.C.,2001.
[38]王安勐,不良气象条件下城镇化公路安全保障措施研究[D],长安大学优秀硕士学位论文,2010,10-19.
[39]Trafficware Corporation, SYNCHRO 5 User Guide[R], Albany, California,2001.
[40]Jhho Gema, Aravan Drehorst, Driving Behaviour In Fog:Analysis Of Inductive Loop Data[J], 1994.
[41]刘洪启,张巍汉,高速公路雾区安全分级控制标准和分级控制策略研究[J],公路,2007(10),135-137.
[42]齐莹菲,柳本民,郭忠印,高速公路雾天安全管理系统[J],同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1),61-66.
[43]胡明伟,不良天气对交通信号配时的影响分析[J],交通标准化,2007(9),156-158.
[44]王炜,城市道路交通模糊智能监控系统的设计与研究[D],武汉理工大学优秀硕士学位论文,2008,1-2.
[45]诸静,模糊控制理论与系统原理[M],机械工业出版社,2005,106-193.
[46]张海英,余臻,陈燕萍,模糊控制在智能交通灯监控系统中的应用[J],计算机技术与发展,2008(3),182-183.
[47]牛虎,李桂萍,林磊,城市单点交叉口信号灯模糊控制建模与仿真[J],交通标准化,2009(17),32-33.
[48]易俊华,朱红求,阳春华,交叉路口交通灯实时模糊控制系统设计与实现[J],工业控制计算机,2011(1),47-48.
[49]崔祎,周力,基于PLC的交通信号灯智能控制系统设计[J],工业仪表与自动化装置,2009(3),23-24.
[50]毛文,孙伟嵩,Visual C++与Matlab混合编程方法研究[J],电脑知识与技术,2009(18),4772-4774.
[51]王素立,高洁,孙新德,MATLAB混合编程与工程应用[M],清华大学出版社,2008.
[2]Edwards B Julia, The relationship between road accident severity and recorded weather[J], Journal of Safety Research,2002,249-262.
[3]刘纯凯,高速公路雾区保畅智能电子诱导系统的研究与实践[J],浙江交通经,2006(12),20-21.
[4]严新平,陈茹,汽车驾驶模拟器虚拟视景中天气特效设计与实现[D],武汉理工大学优秀硕士学位论文,2007,8-12.
[5]Mehmet Frat, Learning in 3D virtual worlds and current situation in Turkey[J], Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,249-254.
[6]Reeves W.T., Particle Systems Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects[C], In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH,1983.
[7]Goss M E, A real time particle system for display of ship wakes[J], IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1990,10(3),30-35.
[8]P Beaudoin, S Paquet, P Poulin, Realistic and Controllable Fire Simulation [C], Proceedings of Graphics Interface, Ottawa,2001,159-166.
[9]Langer MS, Zhang L, Klein AW, Bhatia A, Pereira J, Rekhi D, Aspectral-particle hybrid method for rendering falling snow[Z], In:Rendering techniques 2004 (euro graphics symposium on rendering), New York:ACM Press,2004.
[10]Kruger J, Kipfer P, Konclratieva P, Westermann R, A particle system for interactive visualization of 3D flows, Visualization and Computer Graphics IEEE Transactions,2005(6), 744-745.
[11]Simon Clavet, Philippe Beaudoin, Pierre Poulin, Particle-based viscoelastic fluid simulation[C], SCA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation,2005.
[12]Coutinho, Bruno Barcellos Oliveira, Antonio A. F., Atencio, Yalmar Ponce, Giraldi, Gilson Antonio, Rain Scene Animation through Particle Systems and Surface Flow Simulation by SPH, Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI) 2010 23rd SIBGRAPI Conference, 2010,252-262.
[13]Marko Heinrich, Bruce H. Thomas, Stefan Mueller, ARWeather-An Augmented Reality Weather System[J], IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2008,187-188.
[14]杨建,蔡兴泉,基于粒子系统的飘雪景观特效模拟技术研究[D],北方工业大学优秀硕士学位论文,2010,3-4.
[15]王柯,杜斌,黄健,虚拟环境中池塘雨景雪景的构造与绘制[J],计算机仿真,2007(11),214-217.
[16]徐慧玲,基于粒子系统三维云的模拟仿真[D],武汉理工大学优秀硕士学位论文,2010,6-18.
[17]Serge P Hoogendoorn, Piet H L Bovy, State-of-the-art of vehicular traffic flow modeling[J], Special Issue on Road Traffic Modeling and Control of the Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2000.
[18]Martin Treiber, Arne Kesting, Dirk Helbing,Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models[J], Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2006(1), 71-88.
[19]T. Wan, T. Tang, An intelligent vehicle model for 3D visual traffic simulation[C], Visual Information Engineering 2003 International Conference,2003.
[20]Z. Toth-Szabo, K. Kovacs, Do We Have to Take Into Account the Human Mistakes during Traffic Simulation[C], Intelligent Engineering Systems 2007 INES 2007.1 lth International Conference,2007.
[21]Asaithambi Gowri, Kanagaraj Venkatesan, Ramaswamy Sivanandan, Object-oriented methodology for intersection simulation model under heterogeneous traffic conditions, Advances in Engineering Software,2009(10),1000-1010.
[22]Michel Van Aerd, Hesham Rakha, etc, INTEGRATION 2.30 User's Guide[R]. Michel Van Aerde& Associates Ltd Blackburg Virginia,2005.
[23]Wang Wen-bo, Research of Traffic Safety Simulation Based on 3DS MAX[C], Computer Modeling and Simulation 2009. ICCMS'09. International Conference,2009,307-309.
[24]JongWan Kim, Byeong Man Kim, A GA-Based Fuzzy Traffic Simulation for Crossroad Management[J],IEEE,2001,7803-6657.
[25]吴娇蓉,交通系统仿真及应用[M],同济大学出版社,2004,15-25.
[26]Raj SG haman, Li zhang, Gene McHale and Charlie Stallard, The Role of Traffic Simulation in Traffic Signal Control System Development[J], IEEE,2003,872-877.
[27]Wang Chun, Chen Ge, Liu Yanyan, Margaret Home, Virtual-Reality Based Integrated Traffic Simulation for Urban Planning[J], Computer Science and Software Engineering,2008 International Conference,2008,1137-1140.
[28]杨丽,李光耀,城市仿真建模工具—CREATOR软件教程[M],同济大学出版社,2007.
[29]孟晓梅,刘文庆,MutlGen Creator教程[M],国防工业出版社,2005.
[30]龚卓蓉,可选模块的使用与开发[M],国防工业出版社,2003.
[31]王乘,李利军,周均清,周大炜,Vega实时三维视景仿真技术[M],华中科技大学出版社,2005.
[32]龚卓蓉,Vega程序设计[M],国防工业出版社,2002.
[33]唐凯,康凤举,褚彦军,Vega中云的仿真方法[J],系统仿真学报,2005(9),2051-2069.
[34]D.E.Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming,Vol.2.3rd[M], Addison-Wesley Reading MA, 1997.
[35]沈华韵,张鹏,王侃,改进线性同余法随机数发生器[J],清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009(2),191-193.
[36]陈红萍,王少俊,梁运香,陆春华,不良天气下城市交通安全的分析研究[J],太原科技,2008(5),43-44.
[37]J. Perrin,P, T. Martin, B. G. Hansen, Modifying Signal Timing during Inclement Weather [A], Transportation.Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, Washington D.C.,2001.
[38]王安勐,不良气象条件下城镇化公路安全保障措施研究[D],长安大学优秀硕士学位论文,2010,10-19.
[39]Trafficware Corporation, SYNCHRO 5 User Guide[R], Albany, California,2001.
[40]Jhho Gema, Aravan Drehorst, Driving Behaviour In Fog:Analysis Of Inductive Loop Data[J], 1994.
[41]刘洪启,张巍汉,高速公路雾区安全分级控制标准和分级控制策略研究[J],公路,2007(10),135-137.
[42]齐莹菲,柳本民,郭忠印,高速公路雾天安全管理系统[J],同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1),61-66.
[43]胡明伟,不良天气对交通信号配时的影响分析[J],交通标准化,2007(9),156-158.
[44]王炜,城市道路交通模糊智能监控系统的设计与研究[D],武汉理工大学优秀硕士学位论文,2008,1-2.
[45]诸静,模糊控制理论与系统原理[M],机械工业出版社,2005,106-193.
[46]张海英,余臻,陈燕萍,模糊控制在智能交通灯监控系统中的应用[J],计算机技术与发展,2008(3),182-183.
[47]牛虎,李桂萍,林磊,城市单点交叉口信号灯模糊控制建模与仿真[J],交通标准化,2009(17),32-33.
[48]易俊华,朱红求,阳春华,交叉路口交通灯实时模糊控制系统设计与实现[J],工业控制计算机,2011(1),47-48.
[49]崔祎,周力,基于PLC的交通信号灯智能控制系统设计[J],工业仪表与自动化装置,2009(3),23-24.
[50]毛文,孙伟嵩,Visual C++与Matlab混合编程方法研究[J],电脑知识与技术,2009(18),4772-4774.
[51]王素立,高洁,孙新德,MATLAB混合编程与工程应用[M],清华大学出版社,2008.