云南大红山铜铁矿床地球化学特征
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摘要
本文以云南省大红山铜铁矿床为研究对象,通过广泛收集前人资料,继而进行野外地质调查,采集样品加以分析测试,经过室内综合研究,对该矿床的矿体特征、地球化学、成矿流体性质及成矿环境等做了系统的总结。
大红山式的铜铁矿床在我国乃至世界都是比较著名并得到广泛关注的矿床类型,位于滇中中台坳南端,介于红河断裂与绿汁江断裂所夹持的三角地区,西临哀牢山群,东为昆阳群。矿床主要赋存于大红山群,为一套古海底火山喷发一沉积变质岩系,该群由老到新分别为：老厂河组、曼岗河组、红山组、肥味河组和坡头组。铜矿主要集中于曼岗河组,铁矿则为红山组。矿区岩浆活动频繁,具有多期、多旋回的特点。伴随各期构造运动,均有不同程度的岩浆活动,从深成岩到喷出岩,从超基性岩到酸性岩均有出露。
大红山群的形成过程及成因与当时古地理环境、海水沉积及海底火山活动等有关,其沉积旋回与矿床的形成有着相当密切的关系,大红山群自下而上大致分为五个较大的沉积旋回。另外,矿床的分布产出受到构造及火山机构的控制,表现为火山机构控制外围,矿体逐渐尖灭消失。
矿区围岩和矿石的地球化学特征大体相似,都表现为主量元素富钠,微量元素富铁、铜等及轻稀土相对富集的特点,并具海相火山沉积和正常沉积皆备的特征,同位素分析也证实了这一点。通过包裹体的测试分析,对成矿流体的性质、演化等做了一定深度的研究,对其成矿温度、深度等做了较为客观的推断。
综合以上研究,对古海底的火山活动引起的成矿过程做了推断和描述,认为在火山活动的不同阶段有着特定的成矿环境及条件,铜矿受火山喷气,火山角砾及火山灰的沉积控制。铁矿则受富铁岩浆溢流及次火山控制,并且在后期受到了不同程度的区域变质影响和热液富化或贫化作用,使之最终形成今天的大红山式铜铁矿床。
In this paper, dahongshan copper iron ore bed in yunnan province as the research object, through the extensive collection of the former data, followed by field geological survey, sample analysis, and indoor comprehensive research, summarized the orebody characteristics of deposits, geochemistry, ore-forming fluid properties and metallogenic environment.
The type of dahongshan copper iron ore bed in our country and even the world is the more famous, and get more attention, located in the southern part of the dianzhong depression, between the honghe fault and lvzhi river fault, aolaoshan group in the west, the east for the kunyang group. Deposits mainly occur in dahongshan group, a set of ancient undersea volcanic eruption～sedimentary metamorphic rocks. The groups from old to new:laochanghe group, manganghe group, hongshan group, feiweihe group and potou group. Copper is mainly concentrated in mangang group, iron ore at the hongshan group. Mining area magma activity was frequent, with multi-phase, multi-cycle characteristics. Accompanied by phases of tectonic movements,had different levels of magmatic activity, from plutonic rock out to, from the super mafic rocks to acidic rock are the exposed.
The formation process of dahongshan group and the causes related to the ancient geographical environment, the sea sediments and submarine volcanic activity, its deposition cycles and the formation of deposits had a fairly close relationship, the dahongshan group bottom-up roughly divided into five large deposition cycles. In addition, the output of the distribution of deposits controlled by tectonic and volcanic agencies, in the periphery of the volcanic bodies, the orebody gradually pinchout disappear.
The geochemical characteristics of mine rock and ore are broadly similar, the main amount of element-rich sodium, trace elements-rich iron、copper and so on,and with thecharacteristics of marine volcanic sedimentary and normal deposition,isotope analysis also confirmed this point. According to the test analysis of the inclusions, studied the nature of the ore-forming fluids、 evolution、ore-forming temperature and depth.
Comprehensive above research, inferred the mineralization process which ancient undersea volcanic eruption caused. At different stages of volcanic activity, there are special metallogenic environment and condition. Volcanic jet, volcanic breccia and volcanic ash deposition controlled of copper, The iron ore was controlled by the overflow of the iron-rich magma and volcanic, and in the later received a degree of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal influence which richest or dilution effect, made the final form of today dahongshan type copper iron ore bed.
大红山式的铜铁矿床在我国乃至世界都是比较著名并得到广泛关注的矿床类型,位于滇中中台坳南端,介于红河断裂与绿汁江断裂所夹持的三角地区,西临哀牢山群,东为昆阳群。矿床主要赋存于大红山群,为一套古海底火山喷发一沉积变质岩系,该群由老到新分别为：老厂河组、曼岗河组、红山组、肥味河组和坡头组。铜矿主要集中于曼岗河组,铁矿则为红山组。矿区岩浆活动频繁,具有多期、多旋回的特点。伴随各期构造运动,均有不同程度的岩浆活动,从深成岩到喷出岩,从超基性岩到酸性岩均有出露。
大红山群的形成过程及成因与当时古地理环境、海水沉积及海底火山活动等有关,其沉积旋回与矿床的形成有着相当密切的关系,大红山群自下而上大致分为五个较大的沉积旋回。另外,矿床的分布产出受到构造及火山机构的控制,表现为火山机构控制外围,矿体逐渐尖灭消失。
矿区围岩和矿石的地球化学特征大体相似,都表现为主量元素富钠,微量元素富铁、铜等及轻稀土相对富集的特点,并具海相火山沉积和正常沉积皆备的特征,同位素分析也证实了这一点。通过包裹体的测试分析,对成矿流体的性质、演化等做了一定深度的研究,对其成矿温度、深度等做了较为客观的推断。
综合以上研究,对古海底的火山活动引起的成矿过程做了推断和描述,认为在火山活动的不同阶段有着特定的成矿环境及条件,铜矿受火山喷气,火山角砾及火山灰的沉积控制。铁矿则受富铁岩浆溢流及次火山控制,并且在后期受到了不同程度的区域变质影响和热液富化或贫化作用,使之最终形成今天的大红山式铜铁矿床。
In this paper, dahongshan copper iron ore bed in yunnan province as the research object, through the extensive collection of the former data, followed by field geological survey, sample analysis, and indoor comprehensive research, summarized the orebody characteristics of deposits, geochemistry, ore-forming fluid properties and metallogenic environment.
The type of dahongshan copper iron ore bed in our country and even the world is the more famous, and get more attention, located in the southern part of the dianzhong depression, between the honghe fault and lvzhi river fault, aolaoshan group in the west, the east for the kunyang group. Deposits mainly occur in dahongshan group, a set of ancient undersea volcanic eruption～sedimentary metamorphic rocks. The groups from old to new:laochanghe group, manganghe group, hongshan group, feiweihe group and potou group. Copper is mainly concentrated in mangang group, iron ore at the hongshan group. Mining area magma activity was frequent, with multi-phase, multi-cycle characteristics. Accompanied by phases of tectonic movements,had different levels of magmatic activity, from plutonic rock out to, from the super mafic rocks to acidic rock are the exposed.
The formation process of dahongshan group and the causes related to the ancient geographical environment, the sea sediments and submarine volcanic activity, its deposition cycles and the formation of deposits had a fairly close relationship, the dahongshan group bottom-up roughly divided into five large deposition cycles. In addition, the output of the distribution of deposits controlled by tectonic and volcanic agencies, in the periphery of the volcanic bodies, the orebody gradually pinchout disappear.
The geochemical characteristics of mine rock and ore are broadly similar, the main amount of element-rich sodium, trace elements-rich iron、copper and so on,and with thecharacteristics of marine volcanic sedimentary and normal deposition,isotope analysis also confirmed this point. According to the test analysis of the inclusions, studied the nature of the ore-forming fluids、 evolution、ore-forming temperature and depth.
Comprehensive above research, inferred the mineralization process which ancient undersea volcanic eruption caused. At different stages of volcanic activity, there are special metallogenic environment and condition. Volcanic jet, volcanic breccia and volcanic ash deposition controlled of copper, The iron ore was controlled by the overflow of the iron-rich magma and volcanic, and in the later received a degree of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal influence which richest or dilution effect, made the final form of today dahongshan type copper iron ore bed.
引文
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[3]白生顺.大红山地区铜成矿浅析[J].甘肃科技,2009.25(15)：35-37,15
[4]魏民,姚永慧.大红山式铜铁矿床地球化学找矿模型研究[J].地球科学,1998,23(2)：205-209
[5]胡光龙,韩繁国.大红山铜矿Ⅰ号铁铜矿带成矿控矿因素及分布富集规律[J].云南冶金,2006,35(5)：6-13.
[6]张苗云,张玉学.大红山铜矿床稀土元素地球化学特征研究[J].地质地球化学,1996(5)：15-17.
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