应急系统的设计与实现
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摘要
无处不在的形形色色的突发事件严重的威胁着人民的生命财产安全,破坏着社会的稳定和谐。随着科学技术的高速发展和人民生活水平的大幅提高,人们越来越认识到危机管理的重要性。于是各种基于突发事件的危机管理手段纷纷出台,应急管理系统正是在这种社会整体需要下,政府所采取的应急措施中的一个环节。
目前,各种应急系统百花齐放,就应急系统所采用的技术而言,应急系统分为基于GIS的应急系统、基于智能决策支持的应急系统和融合了各种技术的基于综合方法的应急系统。就应用方面而言有城市应系统、地震应急系统、卫生应急系统、道路交通灾害应急系统等,整个社会的应急能力得到了大幅提升。
在这种大浪潮下,本文根据单位的需求,设计和实现了一个应急管理系统,本系统使用ASP.NET、Spring.NET、NHibernate、Ajax等框架和技术,针对突发事件应急指挥调度这一需求,设计了一个以事件为中心,包含四个子系统(分别是指挥调度子系统、事件管理子系统、信息管理子系统、用户管理子系统)和人机交互界面的应急系统。系统借助使用GIS(地理信息系统)、知识库、案例库、预案库等方法,与其他应对机制、必要措施以及人力和硬件设施一起,避免或减少突发事件产生的灾害,保障公众生命财产安全,力求把损失降到最低,维护社会稳定和谐。
论文详细介绍了本系统的需求分析、功能设计、数据库设计、实现以及测试和运行效果。
All kinds of emergencies seriously threaten people's lives and property, destruction of social stability and harmony. With the rapid development of science and technology, significantly improvement of people's living standard there is increasing recognition the importance of crisis management. So all kinds of emergencies based on crisis management have been proposed. Emergency systems are also gradually developed, as a part of the emergency measures that taken by the government.
Currently, various emergency systems have developed rapidly. According to the technology used, the emergency system can be divided into GIS-based emergency response system, emergency systems based on intelligent decision support systems and emergency systems based on the integration of various technologies integrated approach. In terms of the application of emergency systems, it can be divided into city emergency system, earthquake emergency system, health emergency system, road traffic disaster response system and so on. With the common effect of variety of emergency measures, the community's emergency response capacity has been increased dramatically.
In this big wave and the department’s command, we design and implement an emergency management system using ASP.NET, Spring.NET, NHibernate, Ajax and so on. Responding to the needs of emergency command and dispatch, this system is designed to event-centric, with four subsystems (namely, command and control subsystem, event management subsystem, information management subsystem, user management subsystem) and human-machine interface. Through the use of GIS (geographic information system), knowledge library, case library, plans library and other methods, combined other coping mechanisms, the necessary measures, human and hardware together, the system can avoid or reduce disasters resulting from emergencies, protect public life and property , strive to minimize the loss, maintain social stability and harmony.
This paper describes the system requirements analysis, functional design, database design, implementation, testing and running effect in detail.
目前,各种应急系统百花齐放,就应急系统所采用的技术而言,应急系统分为基于GIS的应急系统、基于智能决策支持的应急系统和融合了各种技术的基于综合方法的应急系统。就应用方面而言有城市应系统、地震应急系统、卫生应急系统、道路交通灾害应急系统等,整个社会的应急能力得到了大幅提升。
在这种大浪潮下,本文根据单位的需求,设计和实现了一个应急管理系统,本系统使用ASP.NET、Spring.NET、NHibernate、Ajax等框架和技术,针对突发事件应急指挥调度这一需求,设计了一个以事件为中心,包含四个子系统(分别是指挥调度子系统、事件管理子系统、信息管理子系统、用户管理子系统)和人机交互界面的应急系统。系统借助使用GIS(地理信息系统)、知识库、案例库、预案库等方法,与其他应对机制、必要措施以及人力和硬件设施一起,避免或减少突发事件产生的灾害,保障公众生命财产安全,力求把损失降到最低,维护社会稳定和谐。
论文详细介绍了本系统的需求分析、功能设计、数据库设计、实现以及测试和运行效果。
All kinds of emergencies seriously threaten people's lives and property, destruction of social stability and harmony. With the rapid development of science and technology, significantly improvement of people's living standard there is increasing recognition the importance of crisis management. So all kinds of emergencies based on crisis management have been proposed. Emergency systems are also gradually developed, as a part of the emergency measures that taken by the government.
Currently, various emergency systems have developed rapidly. According to the technology used, the emergency system can be divided into GIS-based emergency response system, emergency systems based on intelligent decision support systems and emergency systems based on the integration of various technologies integrated approach. In terms of the application of emergency systems, it can be divided into city emergency system, earthquake emergency system, health emergency system, road traffic disaster response system and so on. With the common effect of variety of emergency measures, the community's emergency response capacity has been increased dramatically.
In this big wave and the department’s command, we design and implement an emergency management system using ASP.NET, Spring.NET, NHibernate, Ajax and so on. Responding to the needs of emergency command and dispatch, this system is designed to event-centric, with four subsystems (namely, command and control subsystem, event management subsystem, information management subsystem, user management subsystem) and human-machine interface. Through the use of GIS (geographic information system), knowledge library, case library, plans library and other methods, combined other coping mechanisms, the necessary measures, human and hardware together, the system can avoid or reduce disasters resulting from emergencies, protect public life and property , strive to minimize the loss, maintain social stability and harmony.
This paper describes the system requirements analysis, functional design, database design, implementation, testing and running effect in detail.
引文
[1]朱力.突发事件的概念、要素与类型[J].南京社会科学,2007(11)
[2] Xiugang Gong, Jing Lv, Jin Qiu. Study on information management system for emergency public health events in university[A]. E -Business and E -Government (ICEE)[C], 2011 International Conference on[C]. 2011.5
[3] Yang Gao , Congdong Li , Yinghong Zhao . The review of emergency management research[A]. Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS), 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on[C]. 2011:732 - 736
[4] Yang Qing ; Wang Zhan ; All-Round Emergency Management of Public Incidents[A]. Services Science, Management and Engineering, 2009. SSME '09. IITA International Conference on[C]. 2009:522 - 525
[5] Nezih Altay,Walter G. GreenⅢ. OR/MS research in disaster operations management[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 175(1):475-493
[6] M GAD-EL-HAK. The art and science of large scale disaster[J]. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences, 2009, 57(1):3-34
[7] Simpson N C, Hancock P G. Fifty years of operational research and emergency response[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, 60:S126-S139
[8]郑晓军,王奕首,滕弘飞.应急系统的开发与应用[J].计算机应用研究, 2006,23(1)
[9]吴宗之,刘茂.重大事故应急预案分级、分类体系及其基本内容[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(1):15—18.
[10]杨凯欣.城市应急联动系统的设计及其原型系统实现[D].北京:北京大学,2003
[11]沈膏,陈云浩,胡德勇,苏伟.城市应急联动系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2006,32(20)
[12]张尚弘,易雨君. World Wind在汶川地震应急系统中的应用研究[J].系统仿真学报, 2010, 22(5)
[13]危福泉,刘高焕,姚新,蔡宗文,洪伟.地震灾害预测和应急模拟系统的设计与应用——以永安市城市应急系统为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(5)
[14]潘海东,于明,郑力.全面构建国家公共卫生应急系统[J].工业工程与管理,2003, 8(3)
[15]杨澍.重庆市交通应急指挥信息系统的研究与应用[D].云南:云南大学,2008
[16]邹志文,鞠时光,姚继承,薛安荣.城市污染源预警及应急系统的开发研究[J].计算机应用研究,2006
[17]辛琰,魏振钢,巩丽丽.基于GIS的环境污染事故预警与应急指挥系统[J].计算机应用,2008,28
[18]费丽娜,方源敏,吴晓明.基于GIS应急处理系统的设计[J].中国安全生产科学技术. 2007.4,2(3)
[19]王泽来,穆小亮,李晓红,冯志勇.基于WebGIS的第四方物流跟踪及应急系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究. 2009.7,26(7)
[20] . Mei-Po Kwan, Jiyeong Lee. Emergency response after 9/11: the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatial environments[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 2005, 29(2)
[21] Sophie Sauvagnargues-Lesage, Pierre-Alain Ayral. Using GIS for emergency management: a case study during the 2002 and 2003 flooding in south-east France[J]. International Journal of Emergency Management . 2007, 4(4)
[22]杨杨,赵政.模糊决策树在公共危机应急系统中的应用[J].计算机应用, 2006.10, 26(2).
[23]谢红薇,胡坤,余雪南.应急系统中不确定时态知识表示及其推理[J].计算机工程, 2007. 2,33(4)
[24]达世敏.基于案例推理的应急决策支持研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008
[25] Chen Tao, Yuan Hongyong. Integrate Computational Models in IDSS for Emergency Management[A]. Su Guo-feng ; Computational Intelligence and Design, 2008. ISCID '08. International Symposium on[C]. 2008 (1)
[26]微软MSDN. .NET Framework概述. http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/zw4w595w(v=VS.90).aspx, 2011.10
[27]孙卫琴,精通Struts:基于MVC的Java Web设计与开发[M].电子工业出版社,2004-8:30-45.
[28]阳王东,周勇、李旎、刘洋.利用Spring.NET构建动态的三层应用程序框架[J].计算机时代,2009,(9)
[29]薄奇.基于IoC和AOP的轻量级框架研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006
[30]李斌勇,李庆.基于NHibernate的ORM映射机制研究[J].计算机技术与发展,2009,19(7)
[31] Chuanlong Xia , GuangcanYu , MengTang. Efficient Implement ofORM(Object/Relational Mapping) Use in J2EE Framework: Hibernate[J]. Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, 2009. CiSE 2009. International Conference on. 2009,12
[32]姚国新.基于Ajax的Web技术的研究与实现[D].西安:西北大学,2006
[33] Tom Negrino, Dori Smith著.陈剑瓯等译. JavaScript基础教程[M]北京:人民邮电出版社,2009:1-4
[34] Eric A, Meyer著.CSS权威指南[M].许勇,齐宁译.北京:中国电力出版社.2001
[35]游丽贞,郭字春,李纯喜. Ajax引擎的原理和应用[J].微计算机信息, 2006,22(6)?
[36]屈展,李婵. JSON在Ajax数据交换中的应用研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(1)
[37]青岛东合信息技术有限公司,青岛海尔软件有限公司.数据库原理与应用(Oracle版)[M].电子工业出版社, 2010:71-78
[2] Xiugang Gong, Jing Lv, Jin Qiu. Study on information management system for emergency public health events in university[A]. E -Business and E -Government (ICEE)[C], 2011 International Conference on[C]. 2011.5
[3] Yang Gao , Congdong Li , Yinghong Zhao . The review of emergency management research[A]. Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS), 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on[C]. 2011:732 - 736
[4] Yang Qing ; Wang Zhan ; All-Round Emergency Management of Public Incidents[A]. Services Science, Management and Engineering, 2009. SSME '09. IITA International Conference on[C]. 2009:522 - 525
[5] Nezih Altay,Walter G. GreenⅢ. OR/MS research in disaster operations management[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 175(1):475-493
[6] M GAD-EL-HAK. The art and science of large scale disaster[J]. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences, 2009, 57(1):3-34
[7] Simpson N C, Hancock P G. Fifty years of operational research and emergency response[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, 60:S126-S139
[8]郑晓军,王奕首,滕弘飞.应急系统的开发与应用[J].计算机应用研究, 2006,23(1)
[9]吴宗之,刘茂.重大事故应急预案分级、分类体系及其基本内容[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(1):15—18.
[10]杨凯欣.城市应急联动系统的设计及其原型系统实现[D].北京:北京大学,2003
[11]沈膏,陈云浩,胡德勇,苏伟.城市应急联动系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2006,32(20)
[12]张尚弘,易雨君. World Wind在汶川地震应急系统中的应用研究[J].系统仿真学报, 2010, 22(5)
[13]危福泉,刘高焕,姚新,蔡宗文,洪伟.地震灾害预测和应急模拟系统的设计与应用——以永安市城市应急系统为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(5)
[14]潘海东,于明,郑力.全面构建国家公共卫生应急系统[J].工业工程与管理,2003, 8(3)
[15]杨澍.重庆市交通应急指挥信息系统的研究与应用[D].云南:云南大学,2008
[16]邹志文,鞠时光,姚继承,薛安荣.城市污染源预警及应急系统的开发研究[J].计算机应用研究,2006
[17]辛琰,魏振钢,巩丽丽.基于GIS的环境污染事故预警与应急指挥系统[J].计算机应用,2008,28
[18]费丽娜,方源敏,吴晓明.基于GIS应急处理系统的设计[J].中国安全生产科学技术. 2007.4,2(3)
[19]王泽来,穆小亮,李晓红,冯志勇.基于WebGIS的第四方物流跟踪及应急系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究. 2009.7,26(7)
[20] . Mei-Po Kwan, Jiyeong Lee. Emergency response after 9/11: the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatial environments[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 2005, 29(2)
[21] Sophie Sauvagnargues-Lesage, Pierre-Alain Ayral. Using GIS for emergency management: a case study during the 2002 and 2003 flooding in south-east France[J]. International Journal of Emergency Management . 2007, 4(4)
[22]杨杨,赵政.模糊决策树在公共危机应急系统中的应用[J].计算机应用, 2006.10, 26(2).
[23]谢红薇,胡坤,余雪南.应急系统中不确定时态知识表示及其推理[J].计算机工程, 2007. 2,33(4)
[24]达世敏.基于案例推理的应急决策支持研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008
[25] Chen Tao, Yuan Hongyong. Integrate Computational Models in IDSS for Emergency Management[A]. Su Guo-feng ; Computational Intelligence and Design, 2008. ISCID '08. International Symposium on[C]. 2008 (1)
[26]微软MSDN. .NET Framework概述. http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/zw4w595w(v=VS.90).aspx, 2011.10
[27]孙卫琴,精通Struts:基于MVC的Java Web设计与开发[M].电子工业出版社,2004-8:30-45.
[28]阳王东,周勇、李旎、刘洋.利用Spring.NET构建动态的三层应用程序框架[J].计算机时代,2009,(9)
[29]薄奇.基于IoC和AOP的轻量级框架研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006
[30]李斌勇,李庆.基于NHibernate的ORM映射机制研究[J].计算机技术与发展,2009,19(7)
[31] Chuanlong Xia , GuangcanYu , MengTang. Efficient Implement ofORM(Object/Relational Mapping) Use in J2EE Framework: Hibernate[J]. Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, 2009. CiSE 2009. International Conference on. 2009,12
[32]姚国新.基于Ajax的Web技术的研究与实现[D].西安:西北大学,2006
[33] Tom Negrino, Dori Smith著.陈剑瓯等译. JavaScript基础教程[M]北京:人民邮电出版社,2009:1-4
[34] Eric A, Meyer著.CSS权威指南[M].许勇,齐宁译.北京:中国电力出版社.2001
[35]游丽贞,郭字春,李纯喜. Ajax引擎的原理和应用[J].微计算机信息, 2006,22(6)?
[36]屈展,李婵. JSON在Ajax数据交换中的应用研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(1)
[37]青岛东合信息技术有限公司,青岛海尔软件有限公司.数据库原理与应用(Oracle版)[M].电子工业出版社, 2010:71-78