三维调制解调器的理论研究
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摘要
本文从空间电磁场的数学描述出发,提出了无线通信中使用电磁波信号的幅度、辅助极化角与极化相位差异角进行三维调制的理论和方法,建立了三维极化幅度调制信号的模型,给出了基于矢量天线实现三维调制的方法。
为了对研究的三维调制信号进行解调,本文根据收发天线数量和位置的不同,提出了分别适用于单信号源单矢量天线接收、单信号源矢量天线阵列接收和多信号源矢量天线阵列接收等几种情况的三维调制信号的解调方法,其中包括：收发天线正对时的解调方法及天线方向的校正方法；已知DOA方向的最小二乘解调方法；未知DOA方向的总体最小二乘解调方法；矢量天线阵列各方向噪声不同情况下的加权最小二乘解调方法和基于ESPRIT的多个信号源解耦最小二乘解调方法等。对所提出解调方法误码率性能的分析与仿真结果表明：提出的三维调制解调器具有信息传输速率高、系统误码率低等特点。同时,几种解调方法的比较研究结果也为人们根据不同的应用情况来选择适当的解调方法提供了参考。
为了有适应三维调制解调的三维星座图,本文研究了以格理论为工具来构造三维星座图的新方法,设计了发射功率最小且误码率最低的新型三维六角形星座图,并给出了这种三维六角形星座图的基础编码增益、成形增益、平均功率和误码率等参数的计算方法。借助于所给出的计算方法,本文对三维六角形星座图和现有的几种三维星座图进行了对比研究。分析与仿真结果均表明：本文所提出的三维六角形星座图具有发射功率小、误码率低等优点,具有广泛的应用价值。
为了更深入地分析三维星座图所对应三维调制信号的频谱特性,本文推导了三维调制信号功率谱的计算公式,并利用它们对三维六角形星座图对应调制信号的功率谱进行了分析与仿真。为了抑制其功率谱中存在的离散谱分量,本文提出了不含离散谱分量三维星座图的设计方法和脉冲信号的成形方法。分析与仿真结果表明,这两种方法均可使离散谱分量得到有效抑制。
本文还仿真实现了三维调制解调器系统,建立了其发射端和接收端的系统模型,并通过SystemView软件绘制了三维调制解调器的电路原理图,并对三维调制解调过程进行了动态仿真,实验结果表明,仿真信号的波形、星座点分布以及功率谱密度与理论值相符合,验证了本文对三维调制解调器性能的分析结果。
Based on the mathematical description of the space electromagnetic field, a novel approach to the three-dimensional modulation by the signal amplitude, polarization angle and polarization phase angle of an electromagnetic signal in wireless communication is presented in this paper. The model of the three-dimensional modulation signal is first given. Then, the transmission implementation of the three-dimensional modulation signal is discussed by a vector antenna.
With the different antenna number and locations of the transmitting and receiving antennas, the different demodulation methods for the single-source single vector antenna, single-source vector antenna array, and multi-source vector antenna array cases are respectively studied to demodulate the received three-dimensional modulated signal. When the transmitting and receiving antennas are aligned or when the direction of arrival is known, a least squares demodulation method is presented. The total least squares demodulation method is given to the situation where the direction of arrival is unknown. The weighted least squares demodulation method is used to handle the antennas components with different noises. An ESPRIT decoupling based least squares demodulation method is proposed to the multi-source input case. Furthermore, the symbol error probability and the performances of all the proposed demodulation methods mentioned as above are analyzed in this paper. Both the analysis and the simulation results show that a high information transmission rate and a low symbol error probability can be simultaneously obtained by the proposed three-dimensional modulator and demodulator. Meanwhile, how to select the appropriate demodulation method under different cases is also given.
A lattice theory approach to the construction of novel three-dimensional signal constellations is reported. The constructed three-dimensional hexagonal constellation is shown having the highest coding gain and the minimum average transmit power. The calculation methods of the basic coding gain, forming gain, average power and symbol error probability of the proposed three-dimensional constellations are also given. By means of these given calculation methods, we compare the novel three-dimensional constellation with the existing three-dimensional constellation. The analytical results show that our three-dimensional constellation approaches to the lowest symbol error probability and the minimum average transmit power.
The power spectrum characteristics of the three-dimensional modulation signal corresponding to the three-dimensional constellation are derived. The suppression methods of the discrete spectral components of the three-dimensional hexagonal constellation are given. How to design the three-dimensional constellation which does not contain the discrete spectral components and form the pulse signal is discussed. Both the analysis and the simulation results show that the discrete spectral components in the power spectrum can be controlled.
The implementation techniques of the three-dimensional modulator are studied. The model and the circuit of the three-dimensional modulator are implemented by the software SystemView. The simulation results of the signal waveform, the distribution of constellation points, the power spectral density curve and the symbol error probability performance are given. The simulation results verify the correctness of the analytical results.
为了对研究的三维调制信号进行解调,本文根据收发天线数量和位置的不同,提出了分别适用于单信号源单矢量天线接收、单信号源矢量天线阵列接收和多信号源矢量天线阵列接收等几种情况的三维调制信号的解调方法,其中包括：收发天线正对时的解调方法及天线方向的校正方法；已知DOA方向的最小二乘解调方法；未知DOA方向的总体最小二乘解调方法；矢量天线阵列各方向噪声不同情况下的加权最小二乘解调方法和基于ESPRIT的多个信号源解耦最小二乘解调方法等。对所提出解调方法误码率性能的分析与仿真结果表明：提出的三维调制解调器具有信息传输速率高、系统误码率低等特点。同时,几种解调方法的比较研究结果也为人们根据不同的应用情况来选择适当的解调方法提供了参考。
为了有适应三维调制解调的三维星座图,本文研究了以格理论为工具来构造三维星座图的新方法,设计了发射功率最小且误码率最低的新型三维六角形星座图,并给出了这种三维六角形星座图的基础编码增益、成形增益、平均功率和误码率等参数的计算方法。借助于所给出的计算方法,本文对三维六角形星座图和现有的几种三维星座图进行了对比研究。分析与仿真结果均表明：本文所提出的三维六角形星座图具有发射功率小、误码率低等优点,具有广泛的应用价值。
为了更深入地分析三维星座图所对应三维调制信号的频谱特性,本文推导了三维调制信号功率谱的计算公式,并利用它们对三维六角形星座图对应调制信号的功率谱进行了分析与仿真。为了抑制其功率谱中存在的离散谱分量,本文提出了不含离散谱分量三维星座图的设计方法和脉冲信号的成形方法。分析与仿真结果表明,这两种方法均可使离散谱分量得到有效抑制。
本文还仿真实现了三维调制解调器系统,建立了其发射端和接收端的系统模型,并通过SystemView软件绘制了三维调制解调器的电路原理图,并对三维调制解调过程进行了动态仿真,实验结果表明,仿真信号的波形、星座点分布以及功率谱密度与理论值相符合,验证了本文对三维调制解调器性能的分析结果。
Based on the mathematical description of the space electromagnetic field, a novel approach to the three-dimensional modulation by the signal amplitude, polarization angle and polarization phase angle of an electromagnetic signal in wireless communication is presented in this paper. The model of the three-dimensional modulation signal is first given. Then, the transmission implementation of the three-dimensional modulation signal is discussed by a vector antenna.
With the different antenna number and locations of the transmitting and receiving antennas, the different demodulation methods for the single-source single vector antenna, single-source vector antenna array, and multi-source vector antenna array cases are respectively studied to demodulate the received three-dimensional modulated signal. When the transmitting and receiving antennas are aligned or when the direction of arrival is known, a least squares demodulation method is presented. The total least squares demodulation method is given to the situation where the direction of arrival is unknown. The weighted least squares demodulation method is used to handle the antennas components with different noises. An ESPRIT decoupling based least squares demodulation method is proposed to the multi-source input case. Furthermore, the symbol error probability and the performances of all the proposed demodulation methods mentioned as above are analyzed in this paper. Both the analysis and the simulation results show that a high information transmission rate and a low symbol error probability can be simultaneously obtained by the proposed three-dimensional modulator and demodulator. Meanwhile, how to select the appropriate demodulation method under different cases is also given.
A lattice theory approach to the construction of novel three-dimensional signal constellations is reported. The constructed three-dimensional hexagonal constellation is shown having the highest coding gain and the minimum average transmit power. The calculation methods of the basic coding gain, forming gain, average power and symbol error probability of the proposed three-dimensional constellations are also given. By means of these given calculation methods, we compare the novel three-dimensional constellation with the existing three-dimensional constellation. The analytical results show that our three-dimensional constellation approaches to the lowest symbol error probability and the minimum average transmit power.
The power spectrum characteristics of the three-dimensional modulation signal corresponding to the three-dimensional constellation are derived. The suppression methods of the discrete spectral components of the three-dimensional hexagonal constellation are given. How to design the three-dimensional constellation which does not contain the discrete spectral components and form the pulse signal is discussed. Both the analysis and the simulation results show that the discrete spectral components in the power spectrum can be controlled.
The implementation techniques of the three-dimensional modulator are studied. The model and the circuit of the three-dimensional modulator are implemented by the software SystemView. The simulation results of the signal waveform, the distribution of constellation points, the power spectral density curve and the symbol error probability performance are given. The simulation results verify the correctness of the analytical results.
引文
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