深空探测中的X射线脉冲星导航方法研究
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摘要
深空探测是21世纪航天活动的热点。自主导航技术作为深空探测的关键技术之一,直接影响深空探测任务能否成功实施,同时能够降低航天器对地面支持系统的依赖,增强深空探测航天器的应用潜力。本文从X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理出发,结合深空探测航天器对自主导航的要求,深入研究了深空探测中的X射线脉冲星导航方法。论文的主要研究内容包括:
(1)研究了X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理和算法。研究了X射线脉冲星导航所需的时空基准;基于X射线脉冲星导航的观测量获取方法,结合深空探测在不同阶段的动力学模型,建立了基于X射线脉冲星的深空探测导航系统;给出了X射线脉冲星守时模型。
(2)提出基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航算法。从航天器的轨道特性出发,结合脉冲星观测方程的特点,建立了基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航定位观测模型、基于单探测器的同步定位/守时观测模型;对两个新建立的导航系统进行可观性和可观度分析,探求影响导航精度的因素;采用仿真方法验证了导航算法的性能。
(3)研究了基于X射线脉冲星的平动点编队导航方法。建立了限制性三体问题下的绝对导航和相对导航动力学模型;研究了利用X射线脉冲星进行相对导航的基本测量原理;给出了利用传统的导航算法和单探测器算法的绝对导航结果,并分析了影响导航精度的因素;给出了相对导航的仿真结果,验证了相对导航算法的可行性。
(4)搭建了X射线脉冲星导航全数字仿真平台。以X射线脉冲星导航的物理背景为依据,将X射线脉冲星导航系统进行模块化划分,确定每个节点所需实现的功能;然后,对每个节点继续进行模块化划分,分块实现各子模块的功能,从而保证整个仿真平台的功能实现;最后,利用特定轨道的导航任务来验证仿真平台的有效性,设计的正确性。
本文的研究为X射线脉冲星导航与深空探测结合奠定了一定的理论基础,X射线脉冲星导航工程应用提供了技术支撑。
Deep space exploration is one of the main fields of the aerospace activities in the 21 century. As a key technology, autonomous navigation influences directly the missions’success. Spacecraft autonomous navigation can reduce the operational complexity of the ground-assisted system, and extends the potential space applications. This dissertation deeply studies the X-ray pulsar-based navigation in the deep space exploration, based on the priciple of X-ray pulsar-based navigation. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows.
(1) The theory of X-ray pulsar-based navigation and corresponding algorithms are provided. In the first place, the space-time system used in the X-ray pulsar-based navigation was studed. Then, the X-ray pulsar-based navigation system in the deep space exploration was developed, based on the dynamics model of deep space exploration and the measurement of the X-ray pulsar-based navigation. Last but not least, the timing model using X-ray pulsar was given.
(2) The algorithm for the X-ray pulsar-based navigation using singular detector was proposed. Firstly, the measurement models of X-ray pulsar-based positioning and positioning/timing using singular detector are developed, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding observability analyses are provided in order to prob the factors that might the performance of the navigation system.
(3) The navigation method of spacecraft formation near the libration points of the sun-earth/moon system is developed. According to the circular restricted three-body problem, the dynamics models of absolute navigation and relative navigation are established, respectively. The comparisons of the conventional algorithm and the algorithm using singular detector are accomplished, and the factors that might affect the performances of the algorithms are given.
(4) The simulation system of X-ray pulsar-based navigation was developed. Based on the physical components of X-ray pulsar-based navigation, the navigation system was divded into serval modules, the functions of which were specified respectively. Then, the modules divded was divded further to specific submodules, the functions of which are fundermental to the whole system. At last, the feasibility of such system was verified by the simulation examples with specific space missions.
The achievement of the dissertation lays a solid foundation to the X-ray pulsar-based navigation in deep space exploration, and provides technological supports for the industrialization of X-ray pulsar-based navigation.
(1)研究了X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理和算法。研究了X射线脉冲星导航所需的时空基准;基于X射线脉冲星导航的观测量获取方法,结合深空探测在不同阶段的动力学模型,建立了基于X射线脉冲星的深空探测导航系统;给出了X射线脉冲星守时模型。
(2)提出基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航算法。从航天器的轨道特性出发,结合脉冲星观测方程的特点,建立了基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航定位观测模型、基于单探测器的同步定位/守时观测模型;对两个新建立的导航系统进行可观性和可观度分析,探求影响导航精度的因素;采用仿真方法验证了导航算法的性能。
(3)研究了基于X射线脉冲星的平动点编队导航方法。建立了限制性三体问题下的绝对导航和相对导航动力学模型;研究了利用X射线脉冲星进行相对导航的基本测量原理;给出了利用传统的导航算法和单探测器算法的绝对导航结果,并分析了影响导航精度的因素;给出了相对导航的仿真结果,验证了相对导航算法的可行性。
(4)搭建了X射线脉冲星导航全数字仿真平台。以X射线脉冲星导航的物理背景为依据,将X射线脉冲星导航系统进行模块化划分,确定每个节点所需实现的功能;然后,对每个节点继续进行模块化划分,分块实现各子模块的功能,从而保证整个仿真平台的功能实现;最后,利用特定轨道的导航任务来验证仿真平台的有效性,设计的正确性。
本文的研究为X射线脉冲星导航与深空探测结合奠定了一定的理论基础,X射线脉冲星导航工程应用提供了技术支撑。
Deep space exploration is one of the main fields of the aerospace activities in the 21 century. As a key technology, autonomous navigation influences directly the missions’success. Spacecraft autonomous navigation can reduce the operational complexity of the ground-assisted system, and extends the potential space applications. This dissertation deeply studies the X-ray pulsar-based navigation in the deep space exploration, based on the priciple of X-ray pulsar-based navigation. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows.
(1) The theory of X-ray pulsar-based navigation and corresponding algorithms are provided. In the first place, the space-time system used in the X-ray pulsar-based navigation was studed. Then, the X-ray pulsar-based navigation system in the deep space exploration was developed, based on the dynamics model of deep space exploration and the measurement of the X-ray pulsar-based navigation. Last but not least, the timing model using X-ray pulsar was given.
(2) The algorithm for the X-ray pulsar-based navigation using singular detector was proposed. Firstly, the measurement models of X-ray pulsar-based positioning and positioning/timing using singular detector are developed, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding observability analyses are provided in order to prob the factors that might the performance of the navigation system.
(3) The navigation method of spacecraft formation near the libration points of the sun-earth/moon system is developed. According to the circular restricted three-body problem, the dynamics models of absolute navigation and relative navigation are established, respectively. The comparisons of the conventional algorithm and the algorithm using singular detector are accomplished, and the factors that might affect the performances of the algorithms are given.
(4) The simulation system of X-ray pulsar-based navigation was developed. Based on the physical components of X-ray pulsar-based navigation, the navigation system was divded into serval modules, the functions of which were specified respectively. Then, the modules divded was divded further to specific submodules, the functions of which are fundermental to the whole system. At last, the feasibility of such system was verified by the simulation examples with specific space missions.
The achievement of the dissertation lays a solid foundation to the X-ray pulsar-based navigation in deep space exploration, and provides technological supports for the industrialization of X-ray pulsar-based navigation.
引文
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