物探方法在云南公路深埋长隧道地质勘察中的应用研究
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摘要
在云南省高速公路建设中,深埋长隧道日益增多,传统工程地质勘察手段仅通过地表观测分析深部的地质情况,再辅以少量钻探验证,这种工作方法获取的资料难以满足深埋长隧道设计和施工的需要。而物探方法能进行连续观测,获得丰富的地电信息,可以在短时间内、低成本、高质量的完成隧道地质勘察任务。云南省公路规划设计院20多年来积累了许多隧道勘察资料,但未做过系统研究,本文期望通过对这些隧道勘察资料的研究,为公路隧道地质勘察提供一种快速有效的物探方法,从而提高隧道地质勘察质量、缩短勘探周期、节约地勘费用。
考虑到物探方法的探测深度和在隧道勘察应用中的有效性,本文选择了电测深法、瞬变电磁法(TEM)、可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)、高频大地电磁法(EH4)、地震折射波法和地震反射波法进行物探方法在深埋长隧道地质勘察中的应用研究。
本文首先从理论的角度分析了这些物探方法能否应用于深埋长隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察,通过对隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别的常见物性(电阻率和纵波速)、异常特征的总结,和对物探方法主要影响因素的分析,认为多数隧道地质问题具备应用物探方法勘察的物性基础,虽然物探观测结果受诸多因素干扰,但是大部分干扰可以被克服,物探方法可以获得有效的异常。
然后本文选取六个典型的隧道勘察实例,对电测深法、TEM、CSAMT、EH4、地震折射波法和地震反射波法在隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察中的效果进行分析,分析表明电测深法、TEM、CSAMT、EH4、地震折射波法和地震反射波法可以解决大多数隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察问题。
通过应用可行性研究和实例分析,结合本人研究20多个隧道勘察资料所获得的认识,总结了深埋长隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察的有效物探方法和方法组合,以及有效的野外工作方法、资料处理和解释方法。
In the construction of Yunnan highway, the deep-lying long tunnels is increasing day by day. The traditional engineering geological Investigation acquire geological data, by observing the surface geology to infer the deep geology and disposing some drilling to verified the deep geology, But the geological data acquired by the traditional engineering geological investigation is difficult to meet the need of deep-lying long tunnels. On the contrary, the geophysical methods can detect geophysical Field continuously and get a lot of geophysical information, it can finish the geological survey of the deep-lying long tunnels more quickly economically. About 20 years'tunnels exploration data have been collected by Highway planning, survey and design institute of Yunnan province, but the data have not been studied systematically. The paper want to conclude a quick and efficient geophysical methods, through studying tunnels exploration data, to enhance the tunnel geological survey quality, shorten the exploration cycle, save on expense.
To consider from the exploration depth of geophysical methods and the effectiveness in the application of the tunnel exploration, I study the application of the geological method in deep-lying long tunnels, by choosing the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method in this paper.
First of all, I analyse whether the geophysical methods can be applied to the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and surrounding rock classification in deep-lying long tunnels from a theoretical point. through summarizing the common geophysical characteristics(electrical resistivity and seismic P-wave velocity) and the characteristic of abnormal response of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification, and analysising the main factors on geophysical methods, I concluded that most geological problems in deep-lying long tunnels can be solved by geophysical methods, although the results of geophysical observations can be interfered by many factors, but most interference can be overcome, geophysical methods can be unusually effective.
And then I select six typical examples about the tunnel exploration to analysis the effectiveness of the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method in the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels. The prospecting effect show that the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method can solve the most problems of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels.
Through the application of the feasibility study and case analysis, combined with the knowledge acquired form about 20 tunnels exploration data, I sum up the effective geophysical method and the effective method of field work, data processing and interpretation in the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels.
考虑到物探方法的探测深度和在隧道勘察应用中的有效性,本文选择了电测深法、瞬变电磁法(TEM)、可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)、高频大地电磁法(EH4)、地震折射波法和地震反射波法进行物探方法在深埋长隧道地质勘察中的应用研究。
本文首先从理论的角度分析了这些物探方法能否应用于深埋长隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察,通过对隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别的常见物性(电阻率和纵波速)、异常特征的总结,和对物探方法主要影响因素的分析,认为多数隧道地质问题具备应用物探方法勘察的物性基础,虽然物探观测结果受诸多因素干扰,但是大部分干扰可以被克服,物探方法可以获得有效的异常。
然后本文选取六个典型的隧道勘察实例,对电测深法、TEM、CSAMT、EH4、地震折射波法和地震反射波法在隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察中的效果进行分析,分析表明电测深法、TEM、CSAMT、EH4、地震折射波法和地震反射波法可以解决大多数隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察问题。
通过应用可行性研究和实例分析,结合本人研究20多个隧道勘察资料所获得的认识,总结了深埋长隧道地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和围岩类别勘察的有效物探方法和方法组合,以及有效的野外工作方法、资料处理和解释方法。
In the construction of Yunnan highway, the deep-lying long tunnels is increasing day by day. The traditional engineering geological Investigation acquire geological data, by observing the surface geology to infer the deep geology and disposing some drilling to verified the deep geology, But the geological data acquired by the traditional engineering geological investigation is difficult to meet the need of deep-lying long tunnels. On the contrary, the geophysical methods can detect geophysical Field continuously and get a lot of geophysical information, it can finish the geological survey of the deep-lying long tunnels more quickly economically. About 20 years'tunnels exploration data have been collected by Highway planning, survey and design institute of Yunnan province, but the data have not been studied systematically. The paper want to conclude a quick and efficient geophysical methods, through studying tunnels exploration data, to enhance the tunnel geological survey quality, shorten the exploration cycle, save on expense.
To consider from the exploration depth of geophysical methods and the effectiveness in the application of the tunnel exploration, I study the application of the geological method in deep-lying long tunnels, by choosing the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method in this paper.
First of all, I analyse whether the geophysical methods can be applied to the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and surrounding rock classification in deep-lying long tunnels from a theoretical point. through summarizing the common geophysical characteristics(electrical resistivity and seismic P-wave velocity) and the characteristic of abnormal response of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification, and analysising the main factors on geophysical methods, I concluded that most geological problems in deep-lying long tunnels can be solved by geophysical methods, although the results of geophysical observations can be interfered by many factors, but most interference can be overcome, geophysical methods can be unusually effective.
And then I select six typical examples about the tunnel exploration to analysis the effectiveness of the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method in the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels. The prospecting effect show that the electrical sounding method, TEM, CSAMT, EH4, seismic refraction method and seismic reflection method can solve the most problems of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels.
Through the application of the feasibility study and case analysis, combined with the knowledge acquired form about 20 tunnels exploration data, I sum up the effective geophysical method and the effective method of field work, data processing and interpretation in the exploration of formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater, and Surrounding Rock Classification in deep-lying long tunnels.
引文
[1]李乃旺,李晓昭,徐鸣洁,等.高密度电法在老山隧道勘察中的应用[J].地球科学与环境学报,2007,29(4)：412-415
[2]马学东,寇静.高密度电法在普光气田黄岭隧道勘察中的应用[J].资源环境与工程,2007,21(2)：75-77
[3]段来成.高密度电探法在隧道勘察中的应用[J].东华理工大学学报,2008,31(1)：55-58
[4]裴彦良,韩国忠,王揆洋,等.精细磁法在胶州湾口海底隧道工程地质勘察中的应用[J].海洋测绘,2007,27(4)：57-60
[5]宋光润,赵虎,李瑞,等.可控音频电磁法在叙永关深埋隧道勘察中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(3)：221-225
[6]王若,王妙月,底青云,等.CSAMT方法在隧道勘察中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39：43-45
[7]柳建新,蒋玲霞,严家斌,等.EH4电磁成像系统在高速公路隧道工程勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(6)：652-656
[8]杜彦军.大地电磁技术在太行山隧道勘察中的应用[J].铁道勘察,2007,(1)：38-41
[9]王烨,曹哲民,汤井田,等.铁路隧道工程勘察中高频大地电磁测深应用效果研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3)：424-428
[10]蔡少峰,朱光喜,韩永琦.TEM法在铁路深埋隧道工程勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(2)：187-190
[11]吴有信.宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道瞬变电磁法勘察效果[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1)：21-26
[12]陈璋,刘章捷,王云安.山区公路深埋隧道勘察中工程物探的应用[J].山地学报,2004,22(3)：347-351
[13]赵文星.综合勘探在隧道工程地质勘察中的应用[J].铁道勘察,2007,3：92-95
[14]唐世庚,陈燕,梁志文,等.瞬态面波和地震折射法在隧道勘察中的综合应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6)：557-560
[15]黄正发,王云安,王红明.深层地震勘探在深埋特长隧道勘察中的应用[J].山地学报,2004,22(3)：363-367
[16]周孝宇.综合物探方法在隧道勘察中的应用[J].广东公路交通,2006,97：5-9
[17]杨占东,刘江平,刘作.地震映象法在长江某过江隧道勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(6)：601-605
[18]杜彦军.综合测井技术在太行山隧道勘察中的应用[J].铁道工程学报,2006,(5)：77-81
[19]钱桂兰,张保康,屈建余.普通物探[M].北京：地质出版社,2007
[20]程志平.电法勘探教程[M].冶金工业出版社,2007
[21]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,2005
[22]M. N. Nabighian, Quasi-static transient response of a conducting half space-An approximate representation, Geophysics, Vol.44, No.10,1979
[23]M. N. Nabighian, Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics-Theory Volume Ⅰ, SEG, 1988
[24]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京：石油工业出版社,1984
[25]Robert. W. Lankston. High-resolution refraction seismic data acqusition and interpertation,选自Stanley H. Ward主编的《Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics》,1990
[26]何樵登主编,地震勘探原理和方法.北京：地质出版社,1986
[27]陈顒,黄庭芳.岩石物理学.北京：北京大学出版社,2001
[28]陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础.北京：清华大学出版社,1990
[29]万明浩,秦顺亭,起风梧等.岩石物理性质及其在石油勘探中的应用.北京：地质出版社,1994
[30]Lee T. The transient electromagnetic response of a maghetic or superparamagnetic ground. Geophysics,1984,49(7):854-860
[31]Lee T. The effect of displacement currents on time domain electromagnetic fields, Geophysics. Bull A. S. E. G,1981(3):34-36
[32]汤井田,何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用.长沙：中南大学出版社
[33]何继善编译.可控源音频大地电磁法.长沙：中南大学出版社
[34]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1990
[35]Bartel L. C. Results from using the CSAMT geophysical technique to map oil recovery processes.56th Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exposition of the Soc. of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, San Antonio, Texas,1981
[36]路凤香,桑隆康.岩石学[M].北京：地质出版社,2002
[37]李金铭,罗延钟.电法勘探新进展[M].北京：地质出版社,1996
[38]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社,2002
[39]姚姚.地震波场与地震勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,2006
[40]刘馥.地震勘探导论[M].北京：地质出版社,1990
[41]孙家振,李兰斌.地震地质综合解释教程[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2002
[42]刘云祯.工程物探新技术[M].北京：地质出版社,2006
[43]陈乐寿.大地电磁测深资料处理与解释[M].石油工业出版社.1989
[44]Ghosh D P.1971. The Application of Linear Filiter Theory to the Direct Interpertation of Geoelectric Resistivity Sounding Measurement. Geophysical Prospecting. Vol.19, No.2
[45]JTG D70-2004,公路隧道设计规范[S]
[46]王烨.深大长隧道的电磁测深法应用研究[M].硕士论文,中南大学,2005
[47]杨小永.高速公路隧道围岩稳定性研究[M].硕士论文,长安大学,2004
[2]马学东,寇静.高密度电法在普光气田黄岭隧道勘察中的应用[J].资源环境与工程,2007,21(2)：75-77
[3]段来成.高密度电探法在隧道勘察中的应用[J].东华理工大学学报,2008,31(1)：55-58
[4]裴彦良,韩国忠,王揆洋,等.精细磁法在胶州湾口海底隧道工程地质勘察中的应用[J].海洋测绘,2007,27(4)：57-60
[5]宋光润,赵虎,李瑞,等.可控音频电磁法在叙永关深埋隧道勘察中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(3)：221-225
[6]王若,王妙月,底青云,等.CSAMT方法在隧道勘察中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39：43-45
[7]柳建新,蒋玲霞,严家斌,等.EH4电磁成像系统在高速公路隧道工程勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(6)：652-656
[8]杜彦军.大地电磁技术在太行山隧道勘察中的应用[J].铁道勘察,2007,(1)：38-41
[9]王烨,曹哲民,汤井田,等.铁路隧道工程勘察中高频大地电磁测深应用效果研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3)：424-428
[10]蔡少峰,朱光喜,韩永琦.TEM法在铁路深埋隧道工程勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(2)：187-190
[11]吴有信.宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道瞬变电磁法勘察效果[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1)：21-26
[12]陈璋,刘章捷,王云安.山区公路深埋隧道勘察中工程物探的应用[J].山地学报,2004,22(3)：347-351
[13]赵文星.综合勘探在隧道工程地质勘察中的应用[J].铁道勘察,2007,3：92-95
[14]唐世庚,陈燕,梁志文,等.瞬态面波和地震折射法在隧道勘察中的综合应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6)：557-560
[15]黄正发,王云安,王红明.深层地震勘探在深埋特长隧道勘察中的应用[J].山地学报,2004,22(3)：363-367
[16]周孝宇.综合物探方法在隧道勘察中的应用[J].广东公路交通,2006,97：5-9
[17]杨占东,刘江平,刘作.地震映象法在长江某过江隧道勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(6)：601-605
[18]杜彦军.综合测井技术在太行山隧道勘察中的应用[J].铁道工程学报,2006,(5)：77-81
[19]钱桂兰,张保康,屈建余.普通物探[M].北京：地质出版社,2007
[20]程志平.电法勘探教程[M].冶金工业出版社,2007
[21]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,2005
[22]M. N. Nabighian, Quasi-static transient response of a conducting half space-An approximate representation, Geophysics, Vol.44, No.10,1979
[23]M. N. Nabighian, Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics-Theory Volume Ⅰ, SEG, 1988
[24]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京：石油工业出版社,1984
[25]Robert. W. Lankston. High-resolution refraction seismic data acqusition and interpertation,选自Stanley H. Ward主编的《Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics》,1990
[26]何樵登主编,地震勘探原理和方法.北京：地质出版社,1986
[27]陈顒,黄庭芳.岩石物理学.北京：北京大学出版社,2001
[28]陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础.北京：清华大学出版社,1990
[29]万明浩,秦顺亭,起风梧等.岩石物理性质及其在石油勘探中的应用.北京：地质出版社,1994
[30]Lee T. The transient electromagnetic response of a maghetic or superparamagnetic ground. Geophysics,1984,49(7):854-860
[31]Lee T. The effect of displacement currents on time domain electromagnetic fields, Geophysics. Bull A. S. E. G,1981(3):34-36
[32]汤井田,何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用.长沙：中南大学出版社
[33]何继善编译.可控源音频大地电磁法.长沙：中南大学出版社
[34]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1990
[35]Bartel L. C. Results from using the CSAMT geophysical technique to map oil recovery processes.56th Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exposition of the Soc. of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, San Antonio, Texas,1981
[36]路凤香,桑隆康.岩石学[M].北京：地质出版社,2002
[37]李金铭,罗延钟.电法勘探新进展[M].北京：地质出版社,1996
[38]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社,2002
[39]姚姚.地震波场与地震勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,2006
[40]刘馥.地震勘探导论[M].北京：地质出版社,1990
[41]孙家振,李兰斌.地震地质综合解释教程[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2002
[42]刘云祯.工程物探新技术[M].北京：地质出版社,2006
[43]陈乐寿.大地电磁测深资料处理与解释[M].石油工业出版社.1989
[44]Ghosh D P.1971. The Application of Linear Filiter Theory to the Direct Interpertation of Geoelectric Resistivity Sounding Measurement. Geophysical Prospecting. Vol.19, No.2
[45]JTG D70-2004,公路隧道设计规范[S]
[46]王烨.深大长隧道的电磁测深法应用研究[M].硕士论文,中南大学,2005
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