南阳烟区土壤生态与烟叶质量关系的研究
|
摘要
土壤是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。作物生长与土壤的生态环境有密切联系。烟草是一种特殊的叶用经济作物,其生长发育和质量形成有自身的规律与特点。以往对烟区土壤的研究往往局限于物理与化学特性,一定程度上忽视了土壤生物学性状,而土壤生物学生态指标已被公认为肥力与健康的敏感指标。本研究在系统测定南阳不同生态类型烟区土壤生态指标与烟叶质量指标的基础上,运用相关分析、聚类分析、模糊评价、主成分分析、典型相关分析等方法,系统分析了南阳烟区土壤生态学指标体系中生物学性状、化学性状、物理性状的相互关系;南阳烟叶质量特色;南阳烟区土壤生态与烟叶质量的关系。此外,采用分子生物学手段对烟区土壤微生物区系进行了深入研究;运用显微镜、透射电镜动态观察以及基因表达量分析等方法研究不同区域与不同改良措施下烟叶质量形成过程,进一步分析其机理。最后,应用理论成果合作开发了具有显著效果的新型土壤改良剂。为烟区土壤生态评价、改良与烟叶特色研究提供科学依据和技术支持。结果如下:
南阳烟区土壤生态指标中主成分为有机质、酶活性、微生物数量等与生物学有关的综合指标,土壤改良措施能改变土壤生物学性状和理化性状,为抓住主要矛盾从不同层次研究和改良南阳烟区土壤生态条件提供科学依据。
南阳烟区烤烟主要化学成分不同年份间存在着广泛的变异。总糖、总氮、烟碱、氯、还原糖、钾、糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比的年度间差异都达到了极显著水平,南阳烟叶内在化学成分年度间不够稳定。虽有局部烟叶单叶重、含梗率、厚度接近国际优质烟,但总体有较大差距,表现为单叶重轻、含梗率高、叶片薄。国际优质烟钾含量远远高于国内的,国内的云南大理与湖南桂阳比南阳略高,但南阳烟叶镁含量高于云南大理与湖南桂阳,有的甚至略高于巴西。南阳烤烟矿质元素及主要化学成分次适宜因子为磷钾、钙、钠、烟碱、总糖、还原糖、淀粉;南阳烟区各样点烟叶中性香气物质总量与津巴布韦烤烟相差不大,但巨豆三烯酮的百分含量均明显低于后者。聚类分析、模糊评价的方法评价烟叶质量具有一定的客观性和可行性。
土壤生态影响烟叶质量,烟叶质量反应土壤生态,土壤生态与烟叶质量密切相关,改良土壤特别是改良土壤生物学性状可望改善烟叶质量。
揭示了烟叶显微结构与超显微结构变化一般规律。不同烟区及不同土壤改良措施下的差异主要表现在后期,栅栏组织细胞出现收缩与海绵组织细胞间隙扩大及细胞的降解的程度不同;叶绿体高基粒片层、嗜锇颗粒、淀粉粒的数量差异大。施草炭的细胞大幅度收缩,细胞间隙扩大;施用饼肥的嗜锇颗粒数量明显多于其他处理,纯施化肥的最少。施草炭、施饼肥比对照叶绿体高基粒片层多。纯施化肥的淀粉粒后期迅速增大超过其他处理。不同地域和不同土壤改良措施下烟叶从糖类物质积累向脂类物质积累的转变的程度不同,烟叶土壤改良措施能够进行有效调节。通过分析特异表达基因,了解芝麻饼肥促进烟草生长及品质形成的有关机理,揭示出一些潜在的生物学规律,为研究烟草栽培生理提供有价值的信息。
根据研究获得的从土壤生物学性状着手改良烟区土壤的理念,我们改变传统改良土壤的方法,开发新产品,通过创造微生物适宜生长条件来改良土壤获得显著效果。2008年被河南省烟草公司确定为技术改进项目,重点示范推广,已示范应用面积1000ha以上。
本研究的主要创新点:
1系统地研究烟区土壤生态指标的相关性,建立新的烟叶质量特色评价模式,多角度架构土壤生态指标与烟叶质量的关系。
2运用透射电镜和基因芯片等先进技术深入分析土壤生态对烟叶质量影响的机理。
3提出从土壤生物学性状着手改良烟区土壤的理念,改变传统改良土壤的方法,开发新产品,通过创造微生物适宜生长条件来改良土壤,并获得显著效果。
The soil is the base of human subsistence and development. The crop growth is close related to soil ecosystem. Tobacco is a special economic crop at leaves used and has a law and character itself of growth, development, and quality formation. Previously research always focused the physical and chemical character of soil while agrobiologic one neglected. Agrobiologic character of soil has been thought a recognition sensitivity index for soil fertility and health. In this research soil ecosystem and tobacco quality indexes were systematically studied basing on correction analysis, cluster analysis, fuzzy evaluation, principle component analysis, canonical correlation analysis to explore the relationship between Nanyang tobacco leaves feature and soil ecosystem. In addition the soil edaphon was researched by molecule biology methold, the microstructure and ultrastructure dynamical changes and gene expression of tobacco leaves during different area and different soil improvement measures were studied by optical and electrical microscopes and gene clip to know the quality forming process and mechanism. After that we cooperated and empoldered the new production which could meliorate the soil remarkable. It offered scientific gist and technique support for the tobacco production area soil ecosystem evaluation, melioration and tobacco leaf feature research .The results were showed as follows. The principle component was organic matter, the activity of enzyme and the number of microbes intergrated indexes in the soil ecosystem of Nanyang tobacco production area. Soil imporvement measures did effect to soil biology properties, physical and chemical ones. There was different effect for different soil improvement measures. This will offer scientific base in different hierarchy for the research and amelioration with key points to the soil ecosystem of Nanyang tobacco production area.
There was an extensive variation among chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang area in different years. The difference among years were significant at 1% level of total sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine, reducing sugar, potassium, ratio of total sugar to nicotine, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. We discovered the single leaf weightiness was lighter, the weightiness ratio of peduncle to leaf was higher, the thickness was thinner ,the content of Mg was higher , the less suitability mineral elements were P,K,Ca,Na and less suitability chemical compositions were nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in Nanyang flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the diversity of physical and chemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves of Nanyang compared with that of Zimbabwe, Brazil tobacco production areas. The diversity of the total contents of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves between Nanyang tobacco-production areas and Zimbabwe was indistinctive. But the relative contents of megastigmatrienone were distinctly less than the latter. Chemical composition analysis combining with cluster analysis and fuzzy evaluation to assess the quality of tobacco leaves showed that the method to assess the tobacco leaves’quality was suitable.
The soil ecosystem affects the tobacco leaf quality and the tobacco leaf quality reflects the soil ecosystem. The relationship between them was very closely. Especially the soil agrobiologic character improvement measures might ameliorate the tobacco leaf quality.
The study released the common changing rule of the microstructure and ultrastructure of tobacco leaves with optical and electrical microscopes cultivated in different area and different measures improved soil. The result showed that cell compactness was from high to low and cells shrinked and disaggregated in the ending growth phase. The starch grains in chloroplasts decreased in prophase and increased in anaphase steadily. The cell chloroplast density and higher granum lamellae decreased too .Osmiophilic globules increased rapidly. There were significant difference about intercellular space, the degree of disaggregation and the number of higher granum lamellae, granum stacks, starch grains and osmiophilic globules in different area in the anaphase. There was significant difference among treatments too. The peat treatment intercellular space was the biggest one and CK was the smallest one after transplant 53d. The cake fertilization treatment osmiophilic globules were more than other treatments and the CK was the lest. The number of higher granum lamellae and granum stacks of the cake fertilization treatment and the peat treatment were more than other treatments. The starch grains accumulated rapidly in anaphase in the CK and more than other treatments. The conclusion was that the degree of transformation from the accumulation of glucide to oil was different during different area and different soil improvement measures and the soil improvement measures could adjust it. To study the mechanism in tobacco plant under cake fertilizer changes of gene expression of tobacco leaves were analyzed by cDNA microarray analysis. RNAs of tobacco leaves with or without (CK) cake fertilizer were extracted and subjected to analysis of cDNA microarray based on Arabidopsis genomic sequence. By analyzing the differently expressed genes some formative mechanism of tobacco leaves quality plant under cake fertilizer were researched and knew some underling biology rule , the valuable information were offered to tobacco planting physiology.
According to the research result that we should meliorate the tobacco planting soil through optimize the agrobiology properties. We changed traditional soil melioration method and empoldered the new production which chould meliorate the soil remarkable through providing edaphon the suitable increasing condition and the demonstration and applaction area was more than 1000 ha. Henan tobacco company decided it was the technology amelioration item to lead the way in 2008.
The innovation points of this research were as follow:
1 We studied the correlation of soil ecosystem indexes across-the-board and we established new tobacco leaves quality feature evaluation pattern. In addition we construct the relation between soil ecosystem and tobacco leaves quality in Nanyang tobacco production area in different degree.
2 We analyzed more the influencing mechanism of soil ecosystem to tobacco leaves quality with advance technique such as electrical microscopes and gene chip.
3 We put forward the idea that we should meliorate the tobacco planting soil through optimize the agrobiology properties and we changed traditional soil melioration method and empoldered the new production which could meliorate the soil remarkable through providing edaphon the suitable increasing condition .
南阳烟区土壤生态指标中主成分为有机质、酶活性、微生物数量等与生物学有关的综合指标,土壤改良措施能改变土壤生物学性状和理化性状,为抓住主要矛盾从不同层次研究和改良南阳烟区土壤生态条件提供科学依据。
南阳烟区烤烟主要化学成分不同年份间存在着广泛的变异。总糖、总氮、烟碱、氯、还原糖、钾、糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比的年度间差异都达到了极显著水平,南阳烟叶内在化学成分年度间不够稳定。虽有局部烟叶单叶重、含梗率、厚度接近国际优质烟,但总体有较大差距,表现为单叶重轻、含梗率高、叶片薄。国际优质烟钾含量远远高于国内的,国内的云南大理与湖南桂阳比南阳略高,但南阳烟叶镁含量高于云南大理与湖南桂阳,有的甚至略高于巴西。南阳烤烟矿质元素及主要化学成分次适宜因子为磷钾、钙、钠、烟碱、总糖、还原糖、淀粉;南阳烟区各样点烟叶中性香气物质总量与津巴布韦烤烟相差不大,但巨豆三烯酮的百分含量均明显低于后者。聚类分析、模糊评价的方法评价烟叶质量具有一定的客观性和可行性。
土壤生态影响烟叶质量,烟叶质量反应土壤生态,土壤生态与烟叶质量密切相关,改良土壤特别是改良土壤生物学性状可望改善烟叶质量。
揭示了烟叶显微结构与超显微结构变化一般规律。不同烟区及不同土壤改良措施下的差异主要表现在后期,栅栏组织细胞出现收缩与海绵组织细胞间隙扩大及细胞的降解的程度不同;叶绿体高基粒片层、嗜锇颗粒、淀粉粒的数量差异大。施草炭的细胞大幅度收缩,细胞间隙扩大;施用饼肥的嗜锇颗粒数量明显多于其他处理,纯施化肥的最少。施草炭、施饼肥比对照叶绿体高基粒片层多。纯施化肥的淀粉粒后期迅速增大超过其他处理。不同地域和不同土壤改良措施下烟叶从糖类物质积累向脂类物质积累的转变的程度不同,烟叶土壤改良措施能够进行有效调节。通过分析特异表达基因,了解芝麻饼肥促进烟草生长及品质形成的有关机理,揭示出一些潜在的生物学规律,为研究烟草栽培生理提供有价值的信息。
根据研究获得的从土壤生物学性状着手改良烟区土壤的理念,我们改变传统改良土壤的方法,开发新产品,通过创造微生物适宜生长条件来改良土壤获得显著效果。2008年被河南省烟草公司确定为技术改进项目,重点示范推广,已示范应用面积1000ha以上。
本研究的主要创新点:
1系统地研究烟区土壤生态指标的相关性,建立新的烟叶质量特色评价模式,多角度架构土壤生态指标与烟叶质量的关系。
2运用透射电镜和基因芯片等先进技术深入分析土壤生态对烟叶质量影响的机理。
3提出从土壤生物学性状着手改良烟区土壤的理念,改变传统改良土壤的方法,开发新产品,通过创造微生物适宜生长条件来改良土壤,并获得显著效果。
The soil is the base of human subsistence and development. The crop growth is close related to soil ecosystem. Tobacco is a special economic crop at leaves used and has a law and character itself of growth, development, and quality formation. Previously research always focused the physical and chemical character of soil while agrobiologic one neglected. Agrobiologic character of soil has been thought a recognition sensitivity index for soil fertility and health. In this research soil ecosystem and tobacco quality indexes were systematically studied basing on correction analysis, cluster analysis, fuzzy evaluation, principle component analysis, canonical correlation analysis to explore the relationship between Nanyang tobacco leaves feature and soil ecosystem. In addition the soil edaphon was researched by molecule biology methold, the microstructure and ultrastructure dynamical changes and gene expression of tobacco leaves during different area and different soil improvement measures were studied by optical and electrical microscopes and gene clip to know the quality forming process and mechanism. After that we cooperated and empoldered the new production which could meliorate the soil remarkable. It offered scientific gist and technique support for the tobacco production area soil ecosystem evaluation, melioration and tobacco leaf feature research .The results were showed as follows. The principle component was organic matter, the activity of enzyme and the number of microbes intergrated indexes in the soil ecosystem of Nanyang tobacco production area. Soil imporvement measures did effect to soil biology properties, physical and chemical ones. There was different effect for different soil improvement measures. This will offer scientific base in different hierarchy for the research and amelioration with key points to the soil ecosystem of Nanyang tobacco production area.
There was an extensive variation among chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang area in different years. The difference among years were significant at 1% level of total sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine, reducing sugar, potassium, ratio of total sugar to nicotine, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. We discovered the single leaf weightiness was lighter, the weightiness ratio of peduncle to leaf was higher, the thickness was thinner ,the content of Mg was higher , the less suitability mineral elements were P,K,Ca,Na and less suitability chemical compositions were nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in Nanyang flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the diversity of physical and chemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves of Nanyang compared with that of Zimbabwe, Brazil tobacco production areas. The diversity of the total contents of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves between Nanyang tobacco-production areas and Zimbabwe was indistinctive. But the relative contents of megastigmatrienone were distinctly less than the latter. Chemical composition analysis combining with cluster analysis and fuzzy evaluation to assess the quality of tobacco leaves showed that the method to assess the tobacco leaves’quality was suitable.
The soil ecosystem affects the tobacco leaf quality and the tobacco leaf quality reflects the soil ecosystem. The relationship between them was very closely. Especially the soil agrobiologic character improvement measures might ameliorate the tobacco leaf quality.
The study released the common changing rule of the microstructure and ultrastructure of tobacco leaves with optical and electrical microscopes cultivated in different area and different measures improved soil. The result showed that cell compactness was from high to low and cells shrinked and disaggregated in the ending growth phase. The starch grains in chloroplasts decreased in prophase and increased in anaphase steadily. The cell chloroplast density and higher granum lamellae decreased too .Osmiophilic globules increased rapidly. There were significant difference about intercellular space, the degree of disaggregation and the number of higher granum lamellae, granum stacks, starch grains and osmiophilic globules in different area in the anaphase. There was significant difference among treatments too. The peat treatment intercellular space was the biggest one and CK was the smallest one after transplant 53d. The cake fertilization treatment osmiophilic globules were more than other treatments and the CK was the lest. The number of higher granum lamellae and granum stacks of the cake fertilization treatment and the peat treatment were more than other treatments. The starch grains accumulated rapidly in anaphase in the CK and more than other treatments. The conclusion was that the degree of transformation from the accumulation of glucide to oil was different during different area and different soil improvement measures and the soil improvement measures could adjust it. To study the mechanism in tobacco plant under cake fertilizer changes of gene expression of tobacco leaves were analyzed by cDNA microarray analysis. RNAs of tobacco leaves with or without (CK) cake fertilizer were extracted and subjected to analysis of cDNA microarray based on Arabidopsis genomic sequence. By analyzing the differently expressed genes some formative mechanism of tobacco leaves quality plant under cake fertilizer were researched and knew some underling biology rule , the valuable information were offered to tobacco planting physiology.
According to the research result that we should meliorate the tobacco planting soil through optimize the agrobiology properties. We changed traditional soil melioration method and empoldered the new production which chould meliorate the soil remarkable through providing edaphon the suitable increasing condition and the demonstration and applaction area was more than 1000 ha. Henan tobacco company decided it was the technology amelioration item to lead the way in 2008.
The innovation points of this research were as follow:
1 We studied the correlation of soil ecosystem indexes across-the-board and we established new tobacco leaves quality feature evaluation pattern. In addition we construct the relation between soil ecosystem and tobacco leaves quality in Nanyang tobacco production area in different degree.
2 We analyzed more the influencing mechanism of soil ecosystem to tobacco leaves quality with advance technique such as electrical microscopes and gene chip.
3 We put forward the idea that we should meliorate the tobacco planting soil through optimize the agrobiology properties and we changed traditional soil melioration method and empoldered the new production which could meliorate the soil remarkable through providing edaphon the suitable increasing condition .
引文
[1]任祖淦,陈玉水,唐福钦,等.优化肥料结构促进稻田土壤生态良性循环[J].生态学报,1996, 16(5): 548-554
[2]熊东红,贺秀斌,周红艺.土壤质量评价研究进展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2005,27(1):71-75
[3]杨林章,徐琪.土壤生态系统[M],科学出版社,2005,10:4-5
[4]熊毅.土壤生态系统研究的意义与展望[J].土壤,1978,(6):209-210
[5]黄瑞采.从物质实体和“生态系统”来研究土壤[J].土壤学进展,1979,(5):1-19
[6]徐琪.土壤生态系统的特点及其研究[J].土壤学进展,1982,(4):1-12
[7]柯夫达.土壤学原理[M].陆宝树等译.北京,科学出版社,1982
[8]吳照录.生态学的发展阶段及其特点.生态学杂志,1994,13(5):67-72
[9]王瑞新主编,烟草化学[M].北京,中国农业出版社,2003 :159,38, 250-277,170-174,52,167,77-78,120
[10]刘国顺主编,烟草栽培学[M].北京,中国农业出版社,2003:70
[11]刘国顺,国内外烟叶质量差距分析和提高烟叶质量技术途径探讨[J].中国烟草学报2003年增刊:54-58
[12]刘国顺,汪耀富,符云鹏,许自成,赵铭钦.建立“名、优、特”烟叶产区提高烟叶品质和可用性[J].烟草科技2001年第8期(总第169期):35-37
[13]左天觉,朱尊权.烟草的生产、生理和生物化学[M].上海:上海远东出版社,1993.
[14]冼可法.云南烤烟中性物质分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,1991,(2):l-9
[15]刘百战,冼可法.不同部位、成熟度及颜色的云南烤烟中某些中性香味成分的分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,1993,(3):46-53
[16]李云.一些中国烟草低级脂肪酸的研究[J].烟草学刊,1990(1):21-28
[17]张燕,等.不同产地香料烟内在化学成份及致香物质分析[J].中国烟草科学,2003(4):12-16
[18]周冀衡,杨虹琦,林桂华,杨述元.不同烤烟产区烟叶中主要挥发性香气物质的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)第30卷第1期,2004年2月:20-23
[19]周冀衡,王勇,邵岩,杨虹琦,李永平,朱列书.产烟国部分烟区烤烟质体色素及主要挥发性香气物质含量的比较[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)第31卷第2期,2005年4月:128-132
[20]周冀衡,朱小平,王彦亭,等.烟草生理与生物化学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996
[21]杨虹琦,周冀衡,杨述元,等.不同产区烤烟中主要潜香型物质对评吸质量影响的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,3l(1):ll-l4
[22]杨虹琦,周冀衡,罗泽民,等.烟叶质体色素与香味物质形成关系的研究[A].陈江华.中国烟叶学术论文集[C].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2004.471-474
[23]杨虹琦,周冀衡,罗泽民,等.不同烤烟产区质体色素及其降解产物的研究[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(5):638-644
[24]邵丽,晋艳,杨字虹,王绍坤,龙玉华.生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响[J].烟草科技/栽培与调制2002午第10期(总第1 83期)40-45
[25]李云.1988.气相色谱法分析烟叶中的低级脂肪酸[J].烟草科技.1989(3):27-30
[26]王瑞新.烤烟不同品种香气物质成分的定量分析[J].河南农业大学学报.1991(2):152
[27]韩锦锋.烤烟香气物质及施肥种类施肥量对香气物质的影响[J].作物学报.1993(2)
[28]洗可法.云南烤烟中性香味物质分析研究[J].中国烟草学报.1992第1卷,第2期:1-9
[29]王瑞新马常力.烤烟香气物质及不同施肥类型对其主要成分的影响[J] .河南农业大学学报1990,2(24):159-164
[30]韩锦峰,杨素勤.饼肥种类及其化肥配施比对烤烟生长发育及产质的影响[J] .河南农业科学1998,3:11-14
[31]任永浩陈建军.不同根际PH值下烤烟香气化学成分的研究[J].华南农业大学学报, 1994,15(1):127-132
[32]韩锦峰汪耀富.干旱胁迫对烤烟化学成分和香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草1994(1):35-38
[33]周正红.烟草中化学成分对卷烟色香味品质影响及其研究进展[J].烟草科技,1997,(2):22-25
[34]史宏志,刘国顺.烟草香味学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998
[35]安德艳.对不同生态条件烤烟香气成分的研究[J].贵州烟草,1998,(2):40-44
[36]Kanwar G S . Manging soil resources to meet the collenges to mankind .12th Inter .Conger of Soil Science Manging soil science .New Dcehi.1982
[37]史家梁,徐亚同,张圣章.环境生物学[M].上海,华东师范大学出版社.1993
[38]Jenkinson, D. S. and Powlson, D. W. The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. V ,A method for measuring soil biomass[J ]. Soil Biol. Biochem. , 1976, 8: 209- 213
[39]Van DeWerf, H. and Verstraete,W. Estimation of active soil microbial biomass by mathematical analysis of respiration curves: calibration of the test procedure [ J ]. Soil Biol.Biochem. , 1987, 19 (2) : 261
[40]Anderson, J. P. E. and Domsch, K. H. Quantification of bacterial and fungal contributions to soil respiration [ J ]. Arch.Microbiol. , 1973, 93: 113- 127
[41]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.土壤微生物生物量周转的估算[J ].生态学杂志, 1993, 2(6) : 6-10
[42]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.秸秆覆盖免耕土壤微生物生物量与养分转化的研究[J ].中国农业科学, 1994, 27 (6) : 41- 49
[43]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.对秸秆覆盖免耕土壤细菌和真菌生物量与活性的研究[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(2)30-36
[44]Van DeWerf, Hand Verstraete,W. Estimation of active soil microbial biomass by mathematical analysis of respiration curves: calibration of the test procedure [ J ]. S oil B iol.Biochem. , 1987, 19 (2) : 263-265
[45]Soderstrom,B. E. Vital staining of fungi in pure cultures in soil with fluorescein diacetate [J ]. Soil Biol. Biochem. , 1977,9: 59-63
[46]陈灏,唐小树,林洁,张伯生,任大明.不经培养的农田土壤微生物种群构成及系统分类的初步研究[J].微生物学报2002 42卷4期478-483
[47]Jenkinson D S. Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. In: W ilson J. R. ed. Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems[C]. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, 1988. 368-386
[48]Anderson J P E, Domash K H. Quantities of plant nutrients in the microbial biomass of selected soils[J]. Soil Sci. ,1980, 130: 211-216
[49]Smith J L , Paul E A. The significance of soil microbial biomass estimations. In: Jean Marc Bollag, Stotzky G.eds[J]. Soil Biochemistry , Vo l. 6, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1991. 359-396
[50]Shen SM , P ruden G, Jenk inson D S. M ineralization and immobilization of microbial biomass nitrogen[J]. Soil Boil.B oichem. , 1984, 16: 437-444
[51]Brookes P C, Landman A , Pruden G, Jenkinson D S. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil[J]. Soil Biol.Boichem. , 1985, 17: 837-842.
[52]Voroney R P, Paul E A. Determination of Kc and Kn in situ for calibration of chloroform fum igation incubation method[J]. Soil Biol Biochem. , 1984, 16: 9- 14.
[53]Witter E, Martensson A M , Garciu F V. Size of the soil microbial biomass in a long term field experiment as affected by different N fertilizers and organic manure[J].Soil Biol. Biochem. , 1993, 25: 659-669.
[54]周建斌,陈竹君,李生秀.土壤微生物量氮含量、矿化特性及其供氮作用[J].生态学报,2001年10月,第21卷第10期,1718-1725
[55]李志辉,李跃林,杨民胜,朱日光,李前华.桉树人工林地土壤微生物类群的生态分布规律[J].中南林学院学报2000年9第20卷第3期24-28
[56]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.土壤原生动物群落及其生态功能[J].生态学杂志2000 ,19 (1)∶59– 65
[57]郜春花,董云中,王岗.微生物肥料与生态农业[J].农业环境与发展2003,3,12-13
[58]王明友.小麦玉米施用微生物接种剂增产效应初报[J].土壤肥料,2001(3):57-67
[59]祝明亮,张克勤,李天飞,夏振远.烟草根际厚孢轮枝菌生态效应研究[J].微生物学通报2002,29(2)4-8
[60]许光,李振高.微生物生态学[M].南京,东南大学出版社.1991,144-148
[61]魏鸿钧,张治良,王萌长.中国底下害虫[M].上海,上海科学技术出版社.1989
[62]罗益镇,崔景岳.土壤昆虫学[M].北京,中国农业出版社.1995
[63]南京大学等.土壤基础与土壤地理学.北京:高等教育出版社.1980
[64]刘惠君,刘维屏.农药污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2):74-80
[65]宋秀杰,陈博.北京市农药化肥非点源污染防治的技术措施[J].环境保护,2001,(9):30-32
[66]和文祥,蒋新,卞永荣,王芳.杀虫双对土壤酶活性影响的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ,第30卷第1期13-17
[67]韦朝阳,陈同斌.重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001 , 21 (7) :1196-1203
[68]许嘉琳,杨居荣.陆地生态系统中的重金属[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995
[69]Welp G. Inhibitory effects of the total and water-soluble concentrations of nine different metals on the dehydrogenase activity of a loesssoil[J].Biol Fertile Soils ,1999 ,30 :132-139
[70]周礼恺,张志明,曹承锦,等.土壤的重金属污染与土壤酶活性[J].环境科学学报, 1985, 5(2) :176-183
[71]Deng S P , Tabatabai M A. Cellulase activity of soils effect of trace elements[J]. Soil Biol & Biochem , 1995 ,27 (7) :977-979
[72]和文祥,陈会明,冯贵颖,等.汞铬砷元素污染土壤的酶监测研究[J].环境科学学报. 2000 ,20 (3) :338-343
[73]Todorov T S , Dimkov R , Koteva Z H , et al. Effect of lead contamination on the biological properties of alluvial meadow soil[J].Pochovoznanie , Agrokhimiya ,1987 ,22 (5) :33-40
[74]刘树庆.保定市污染灌区土壤Pb、Cd污染与土壤酶活性[J].土壤学报. 1996 ,33 (2) :175～182
[75]和文祥,陈会明,朱铭莪,张一平.土壤肥力对其脲酶与汞、镉关系的影响[J].华中农业大学学报.第21卷,第6期,2002年12月,526～530
[76]陈玉成,牟树森,蒲富永.氨基酸厂废水对旱坡地紫色土某些生态因子的影响[J].农村生态环境学报,1994,(10)1:36-40
[77]张乃明,关锐.山西主要农业土壤中重金属含量分布迁移特征及其生态效应[J].农业环境保护,1994,13,(5):217-220
[78]李惠英,陈素英,王豁,铜、锌对土壤-植物系统的生态效应及临界含量[J].农业生态环境.1994,10(2):22-24
[79]李阜棣,喻子牛,何绍江农业微生物学试验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社1996,134-137.
[80]关松荫.土壤酶学研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社. 1986,278-280 .[103]
[81]姚占芳,吴云汉.微生物学实验技术[M]北京:气象出版社1998,186-188.
[82]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社1985,44-51.
[83]王平,李阜棣,胡正嘉.小麦根圈中几类微生物群体数量比较的研究[J]华中农业大学学报1994, 13(4):318-324.
[84]杨钙仁,童成立,张文菊,吴金水.陆地碳循环中的微生物分解作用及其影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):605-608.
[85]刘训理,王超,吴凡,等.烟草根际微生物研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(2): 552-557.
[86]鲁如坤.土壤-植物营养学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[87]王平,李阜棣,胡正嘉.小麦根圈中几类微生物群体数量比较的研究[J].华中农业大学学报, 1994,13(4):318-324,
[88]王超,吴凡,刘训理,等.不同肥力条件下烟草根际微生物的初步研究[J].中国烟草科学,2005,(2):12-14.
[89]杜秉海,李贻学,宋国菡,等.烟田土壤微生物区系分析[J].中国烟草,1996,(2): 30-32.
[90]韩玮,聂俊华,李飒,等.还田秸秆配施外源纤维素酶效应研究[J].生态环境2005, 14(6): 936-940.
[91]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[92]韩永伟,韩建国,张蕴薇,等.农牧交错带退耕还草对土壤淀粉酶和脲酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2005,13(1):59-62.
[93]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-91.
[94]宋承鉴.中国优质烤烟区的土壤条件.烟草学刊[J].1990,(2)68-70
[95]郝藏,田孝华.优质烟区土壤物理性状分析与研究.烟草科技.栽培与调制[J].1996年第5期34-35
[96]黎宁,李华兴,朱凤娇,邝培锐,梁友强,张育灿,林日强.菜园土壤的理化性质和微生物生态特征与种植年限的关系.生态环境,2005, 14(6): 925-929
[97]王东胜,刘贯山,李章海.烟草栽培学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2002:78
[98]刘金,刘复初,朱洪友.巨豆三烯酮的合成研究概况[J].云南化工,2006,33(1):38-40.
[99]王建林,杨少龙,许炎妹,等.巨豆三烯酮的合成及表征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(3):467-469.
[100]Weybrew, J.A. The biochemistry of tobacco quality. Unpublished report to North Carolina Tobacco Foundation. 1979.
[101]于建军,庞天河,任小红,等.烤烟中性致香物质与评吸结果关系研究[J].河南农业大学学报2006,04:346-349
[102]金闻博,戴亚,横田拓,等.烟草化学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[103]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[104]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-91.
[105]Shen S.M., Pruden G., Jenkinson D. S. Mineralization and immobilization of microbial biomass nitrogen[J]. Soil Biology Boichemical,1984, 16(5): 437- 444.
[106]刘国顺,高致明.烤烟发育过程与叶位的关系,中国烟草学会第二次会员代表大会论文选编,中国烟草学会,1991
[107]张振贤,郭延奎,邹琦.遮荫对生姜叶片显微结构及叶绿体超微结构的影响.园艺学报, 1999, 26(2): 96-100.
[108]张振贤,郭延奎,艾希珍,张福墁,何启伟,孙小镭,焦自高.日光温室光温因子对黄瓜叶绿体超微结构及其功能的影响.应用生态学报, 2003, 14: 1287-1290.
[109]Ai X Z, Guo Y K, Chen L P, Xing Y X. Photosynthetic characteristics and ultrastructure of chloroplast of cucumber under low light densityin solar-greenhouse[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2004, 3: 129-135.
[110]Hoober J K. Chloroplasts [M] . New York and London :Plenum Press ,1984. 199 - 222. [111 ]Ono K,Hashimoto H , Kato S. Changes in the number and size of chloroplasts during senescence of primary leaves of wheat grown under different conditions [ J ] . Plant Cell Physiol ,1995 ,36(1) :9-17.
[112]Anttonen S, Herranen J, Peura P, et al . Fatty acids and ultrastructure of ozone-exposed Aleppo pine ( Pinus halepensisMill. )needles[J]. Environ Pollut, 1995,87: 235-242
[113]Smith MD, Licatalosi DD, Thomp son JE. Co-association of cytochrome fcatabolites and plastid-lipid-associated protein with chloroplast lipid particles[J]. Plant Physiol, 2000, 124: 211-222
[114]Lichtenthaler HK. Plastglobuli and fine structure of the plastids[J]. Endeavour, 1968,27: 144-149
[115]Steinmuller D, Tevini M. Composition and function of plastglobuliⅡ. Lippid composition of leaves and plastoglobuli during beech leaf senescence[J]. Planta, 1985, 163: 91-96
[116]史宏志,韩锦峰,赵鹏.不同氮量与氮源下烤烟淀粉酶和转化酶活性动态变化[J ].中国烟草科学,1999(3) :5-8 [117 ]邓云龙,孔光辉,武锦坤.氮素营养对烤烟叶片淀粉积累及SPS、淀粉酶活性的影响[J].烟草科技,200l (11) :34-37
[118] Kratsch HA, Wise RR. The ultrasturcture of chilling stress[J].Plant Cell Environ, 2000, 23: 337～350
[119]Leslie SB, Israeli E, LightartB, et al. Trehalose and sucrose protect both membranes and proteins in intact bacteria during drying[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1995,61: 3592-3597
[120]NagaoM, MinamiA, Arakawa K, et al. Rapid degradation of starch in chlorop lasts and concomitant accumulation of soluble sugars associated with ABA2induced freezing tolerance in the moss Physcom itrella patens[J]. Plant Physiol, 2005, 162: 169-180
[121]武雪萍,刘增俊,赵跃华,刘国顺,杨超,郭伟玲,荆冬梅.施用芝麻饼肥对植烟根际土壤酶活性和微生物碳、氮的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2005,ll(4):541-546
[122]史宏志,韩锦峰,刘卫群等.氮素营养对烤烟类脂物含量和脂肪氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,1997 ,3(4) :41—48
[123]陈静,陈启林,翁俊,刘源,程智慧,徐春和.不同红光远红光比例的光照影响番茄幼苗叶片中花青素合成的研究[J].西北植物学报, 2004, 24 (10) : 1773—1778
[124]尹靖东,齐广海,霍启光.类黄酮对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002:33(3) 215-220
[125]李静,刘学群,王春台.一个烟草葡糖基转移酶基因启动子的克隆与诱导表达[J],华中农业大学学报.2007,26(3):277-282
[126]Henrissa T B, Davies G J. Glycoside hydrolases and glycosyhrans - ferases, families,mudules and implications for genomics[J]. Plant Physiol, 2000, 124:1515-1519
[127]Kubasek W L, Shirley B W, Mckillop A, Goodman H M, Briggs W, Ausubel F M. Regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in germinating arabidopsis seedlings[J]. Plant Cell, 1992 , 4(10):1229-1236
[128]荀志金,贺忠,张征,徐虹.γ-谷氨酰转肽酶及其应用[J].南京工业大学学报, 2004, 26 (4 ) :107-110
[129]邓林,陈少良.ATPase与植物抗盐性[J].植物学通报,2005, 22 (增刊): 11-21
[130] Wang X, Cnops G, Vanderhaeghen R, De B S, Van M M, Van L M. A cellulose synthase-like gene important for root hair growth in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Physiol, 2001, 126(2):575-586
[131]李扬汉.植物学[M].上海:上海科技技术出版社,2006:83-90
[132]Ulf D , Friedrich O , Annegret W. Late assembly steps and dynamics of the cyanobacterial photosystem I [J],Biol Chem , 2007, 15: 303-568
[133]萧浪涛,王三根.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004: 137-146
[134]Tomo T, Enami I , Satoh K. Orientation and nearest neighbor analysis of psbI gene product in the photosystem II reaction center complex using bifunctional cross-linkers [J]. FEBS Lett., 1993, 323: 15-18
[135] Levy H , Gokhman I, Zamir A. Regulation and light-harvesting complex II association of a dunaliella protein homologous to early light-induced proteins in higher plants [J]. Biol Chem, 1992, 267(26): 1-6
[136]David K Giford. Blazing pathways through genetic mountains[J]. Science, 2001, 293: 2049-2051
[137]Bassett D E, Eisen M B, Boguski M S. Gene expression informatics-it's all in your mine[J]. Nat Genet, 1999,21: 51-55
[2]熊东红,贺秀斌,周红艺.土壤质量评价研究进展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2005,27(1):71-75
[3]杨林章,徐琪.土壤生态系统[M],科学出版社,2005,10:4-5
[4]熊毅.土壤生态系统研究的意义与展望[J].土壤,1978,(6):209-210
[5]黄瑞采.从物质实体和“生态系统”来研究土壤[J].土壤学进展,1979,(5):1-19
[6]徐琪.土壤生态系统的特点及其研究[J].土壤学进展,1982,(4):1-12
[7]柯夫达.土壤学原理[M].陆宝树等译.北京,科学出版社,1982
[8]吳照录.生态学的发展阶段及其特点.生态学杂志,1994,13(5):67-72
[9]王瑞新主编,烟草化学[M].北京,中国农业出版社,2003 :159,38, 250-277,170-174,52,167,77-78,120
[10]刘国顺主编,烟草栽培学[M].北京,中国农业出版社,2003:70
[11]刘国顺,国内外烟叶质量差距分析和提高烟叶质量技术途径探讨[J].中国烟草学报2003年增刊:54-58
[12]刘国顺,汪耀富,符云鹏,许自成,赵铭钦.建立“名、优、特”烟叶产区提高烟叶品质和可用性[J].烟草科技2001年第8期(总第169期):35-37
[13]左天觉,朱尊权.烟草的生产、生理和生物化学[M].上海:上海远东出版社,1993.
[14]冼可法.云南烤烟中性物质分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,1991,(2):l-9
[15]刘百战,冼可法.不同部位、成熟度及颜色的云南烤烟中某些中性香味成分的分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,1993,(3):46-53
[16]李云.一些中国烟草低级脂肪酸的研究[J].烟草学刊,1990(1):21-28
[17]张燕,等.不同产地香料烟内在化学成份及致香物质分析[J].中国烟草科学,2003(4):12-16
[18]周冀衡,杨虹琦,林桂华,杨述元.不同烤烟产区烟叶中主要挥发性香气物质的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)第30卷第1期,2004年2月:20-23
[19]周冀衡,王勇,邵岩,杨虹琦,李永平,朱列书.产烟国部分烟区烤烟质体色素及主要挥发性香气物质含量的比较[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)第31卷第2期,2005年4月:128-132
[20]周冀衡,朱小平,王彦亭,等.烟草生理与生物化学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996
[21]杨虹琦,周冀衡,杨述元,等.不同产区烤烟中主要潜香型物质对评吸质量影响的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,3l(1):ll-l4
[22]杨虹琦,周冀衡,罗泽民,等.烟叶质体色素与香味物质形成关系的研究[A].陈江华.中国烟叶学术论文集[C].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2004.471-474
[23]杨虹琦,周冀衡,罗泽民,等.不同烤烟产区质体色素及其降解产物的研究[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(5):638-644
[24]邵丽,晋艳,杨字虹,王绍坤,龙玉华.生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响[J].烟草科技/栽培与调制2002午第10期(总第1 83期)40-45
[25]李云.1988.气相色谱法分析烟叶中的低级脂肪酸[J].烟草科技.1989(3):27-30
[26]王瑞新.烤烟不同品种香气物质成分的定量分析[J].河南农业大学学报.1991(2):152
[27]韩锦锋.烤烟香气物质及施肥种类施肥量对香气物质的影响[J].作物学报.1993(2)
[28]洗可法.云南烤烟中性香味物质分析研究[J].中国烟草学报.1992第1卷,第2期:1-9
[29]王瑞新马常力.烤烟香气物质及不同施肥类型对其主要成分的影响[J] .河南农业大学学报1990,2(24):159-164
[30]韩锦峰,杨素勤.饼肥种类及其化肥配施比对烤烟生长发育及产质的影响[J] .河南农业科学1998,3:11-14
[31]任永浩陈建军.不同根际PH值下烤烟香气化学成分的研究[J].华南农业大学学报, 1994,15(1):127-132
[32]韩锦峰汪耀富.干旱胁迫对烤烟化学成分和香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草1994(1):35-38
[33]周正红.烟草中化学成分对卷烟色香味品质影响及其研究进展[J].烟草科技,1997,(2):22-25
[34]史宏志,刘国顺.烟草香味学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998
[35]安德艳.对不同生态条件烤烟香气成分的研究[J].贵州烟草,1998,(2):40-44
[36]Kanwar G S . Manging soil resources to meet the collenges to mankind .12th Inter .Conger of Soil Science Manging soil science .New Dcehi.1982
[37]史家梁,徐亚同,张圣章.环境生物学[M].上海,华东师范大学出版社.1993
[38]Jenkinson, D. S. and Powlson, D. W. The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. V ,A method for measuring soil biomass[J ]. Soil Biol. Biochem. , 1976, 8: 209- 213
[39]Van DeWerf, H. and Verstraete,W. Estimation of active soil microbial biomass by mathematical analysis of respiration curves: calibration of the test procedure [ J ]. Soil Biol.Biochem. , 1987, 19 (2) : 261
[40]Anderson, J. P. E. and Domsch, K. H. Quantification of bacterial and fungal contributions to soil respiration [ J ]. Arch.Microbiol. , 1973, 93: 113- 127
[41]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.土壤微生物生物量周转的估算[J ].生态学杂志, 1993, 2(6) : 6-10
[42]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.秸秆覆盖免耕土壤微生物生物量与养分转化的研究[J ].中国农业科学, 1994, 27 (6) : 41- 49
[43]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.对秸秆覆盖免耕土壤细菌和真菌生物量与活性的研究[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(2)30-36
[44]Van DeWerf, Hand Verstraete,W. Estimation of active soil microbial biomass by mathematical analysis of respiration curves: calibration of the test procedure [ J ]. S oil B iol.Biochem. , 1987, 19 (2) : 263-265
[45]Soderstrom,B. E. Vital staining of fungi in pure cultures in soil with fluorescein diacetate [J ]. Soil Biol. Biochem. , 1977,9: 59-63
[46]陈灏,唐小树,林洁,张伯生,任大明.不经培养的农田土壤微生物种群构成及系统分类的初步研究[J].微生物学报2002 42卷4期478-483
[47]Jenkinson D S. Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. In: W ilson J. R. ed. Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems[C]. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, 1988. 368-386
[48]Anderson J P E, Domash K H. Quantities of plant nutrients in the microbial biomass of selected soils[J]. Soil Sci. ,1980, 130: 211-216
[49]Smith J L , Paul E A. The significance of soil microbial biomass estimations. In: Jean Marc Bollag, Stotzky G.eds[J]. Soil Biochemistry , Vo l. 6, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1991. 359-396
[50]Shen SM , P ruden G, Jenk inson D S. M ineralization and immobilization of microbial biomass nitrogen[J]. Soil Boil.B oichem. , 1984, 16: 437-444
[51]Brookes P C, Landman A , Pruden G, Jenkinson D S. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil[J]. Soil Biol.Boichem. , 1985, 17: 837-842.
[52]Voroney R P, Paul E A. Determination of Kc and Kn in situ for calibration of chloroform fum igation incubation method[J]. Soil Biol Biochem. , 1984, 16: 9- 14.
[53]Witter E, Martensson A M , Garciu F V. Size of the soil microbial biomass in a long term field experiment as affected by different N fertilizers and organic manure[J].Soil Biol. Biochem. , 1993, 25: 659-669.
[54]周建斌,陈竹君,李生秀.土壤微生物量氮含量、矿化特性及其供氮作用[J].生态学报,2001年10月,第21卷第10期,1718-1725
[55]李志辉,李跃林,杨民胜,朱日光,李前华.桉树人工林地土壤微生物类群的生态分布规律[J].中南林学院学报2000年9第20卷第3期24-28
[56]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.土壤原生动物群落及其生态功能[J].生态学杂志2000 ,19 (1)∶59– 65
[57]郜春花,董云中,王岗.微生物肥料与生态农业[J].农业环境与发展2003,3,12-13
[58]王明友.小麦玉米施用微生物接种剂增产效应初报[J].土壤肥料,2001(3):57-67
[59]祝明亮,张克勤,李天飞,夏振远.烟草根际厚孢轮枝菌生态效应研究[J].微生物学通报2002,29(2)4-8
[60]许光,李振高.微生物生态学[M].南京,东南大学出版社.1991,144-148
[61]魏鸿钧,张治良,王萌长.中国底下害虫[M].上海,上海科学技术出版社.1989
[62]罗益镇,崔景岳.土壤昆虫学[M].北京,中国农业出版社.1995
[63]南京大学等.土壤基础与土壤地理学.北京:高等教育出版社.1980
[64]刘惠君,刘维屏.农药污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2):74-80
[65]宋秀杰,陈博.北京市农药化肥非点源污染防治的技术措施[J].环境保护,2001,(9):30-32
[66]和文祥,蒋新,卞永荣,王芳.杀虫双对土壤酶活性影响的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ,第30卷第1期13-17
[67]韦朝阳,陈同斌.重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001 , 21 (7) :1196-1203
[68]许嘉琳,杨居荣.陆地生态系统中的重金属[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995
[69]Welp G. Inhibitory effects of the total and water-soluble concentrations of nine different metals on the dehydrogenase activity of a loesssoil[J].Biol Fertile Soils ,1999 ,30 :132-139
[70]周礼恺,张志明,曹承锦,等.土壤的重金属污染与土壤酶活性[J].环境科学学报, 1985, 5(2) :176-183
[71]Deng S P , Tabatabai M A. Cellulase activity of soils effect of trace elements[J]. Soil Biol & Biochem , 1995 ,27 (7) :977-979
[72]和文祥,陈会明,冯贵颖,等.汞铬砷元素污染土壤的酶监测研究[J].环境科学学报. 2000 ,20 (3) :338-343
[73]Todorov T S , Dimkov R , Koteva Z H , et al. Effect of lead contamination on the biological properties of alluvial meadow soil[J].Pochovoznanie , Agrokhimiya ,1987 ,22 (5) :33-40
[74]刘树庆.保定市污染灌区土壤Pb、Cd污染与土壤酶活性[J].土壤学报. 1996 ,33 (2) :175～182
[75]和文祥,陈会明,朱铭莪,张一平.土壤肥力对其脲酶与汞、镉关系的影响[J].华中农业大学学报.第21卷,第6期,2002年12月,526～530
[76]陈玉成,牟树森,蒲富永.氨基酸厂废水对旱坡地紫色土某些生态因子的影响[J].农村生态环境学报,1994,(10)1:36-40
[77]张乃明,关锐.山西主要农业土壤中重金属含量分布迁移特征及其生态效应[J].农业环境保护,1994,13,(5):217-220
[78]李惠英,陈素英,王豁,铜、锌对土壤-植物系统的生态效应及临界含量[J].农业生态环境.1994,10(2):22-24
[79]李阜棣,喻子牛,何绍江农业微生物学试验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社1996,134-137.
[80]关松荫.土壤酶学研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社. 1986,278-280 .[103]
[81]姚占芳,吴云汉.微生物学实验技术[M]北京:气象出版社1998,186-188.
[82]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社1985,44-51.
[83]王平,李阜棣,胡正嘉.小麦根圈中几类微生物群体数量比较的研究[J]华中农业大学学报1994, 13(4):318-324.
[84]杨钙仁,童成立,张文菊,吴金水.陆地碳循环中的微生物分解作用及其影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):605-608.
[85]刘训理,王超,吴凡,等.烟草根际微生物研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(2): 552-557.
[86]鲁如坤.土壤-植物营养学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[87]王平,李阜棣,胡正嘉.小麦根圈中几类微生物群体数量比较的研究[J].华中农业大学学报, 1994,13(4):318-324,
[88]王超,吴凡,刘训理,等.不同肥力条件下烟草根际微生物的初步研究[J].中国烟草科学,2005,(2):12-14.
[89]杜秉海,李贻学,宋国菡,等.烟田土壤微生物区系分析[J].中国烟草,1996,(2): 30-32.
[90]韩玮,聂俊华,李飒,等.还田秸秆配施外源纤维素酶效应研究[J].生态环境2005, 14(6): 936-940.
[91]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[92]韩永伟,韩建国,张蕴薇,等.农牧交错带退耕还草对土壤淀粉酶和脲酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2005,13(1):59-62.
[93]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-91.
[94]宋承鉴.中国优质烤烟区的土壤条件.烟草学刊[J].1990,(2)68-70
[95]郝藏,田孝华.优质烟区土壤物理性状分析与研究.烟草科技.栽培与调制[J].1996年第5期34-35
[96]黎宁,李华兴,朱凤娇,邝培锐,梁友强,张育灿,林日强.菜园土壤的理化性质和微生物生态特征与种植年限的关系.生态环境,2005, 14(6): 925-929
[97]王东胜,刘贯山,李章海.烟草栽培学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2002:78
[98]刘金,刘复初,朱洪友.巨豆三烯酮的合成研究概况[J].云南化工,2006,33(1):38-40.
[99]王建林,杨少龙,许炎妹,等.巨豆三烯酮的合成及表征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(3):467-469.
[100]Weybrew, J.A. The biochemistry of tobacco quality. Unpublished report to North Carolina Tobacco Foundation. 1979.
[101]于建军,庞天河,任小红,等.烤烟中性致香物质与评吸结果关系研究[J].河南农业大学学报2006,04:346-349
[102]金闻博,戴亚,横田拓,等.烟草化学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[103]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[104]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-91.
[105]Shen S.M., Pruden G., Jenkinson D. S. Mineralization and immobilization of microbial biomass nitrogen[J]. Soil Biology Boichemical,1984, 16(5): 437- 444.
[106]刘国顺,高致明.烤烟发育过程与叶位的关系,中国烟草学会第二次会员代表大会论文选编,中国烟草学会,1991
[107]张振贤,郭延奎,邹琦.遮荫对生姜叶片显微结构及叶绿体超微结构的影响.园艺学报, 1999, 26(2): 96-100.
[108]张振贤,郭延奎,艾希珍,张福墁,何启伟,孙小镭,焦自高.日光温室光温因子对黄瓜叶绿体超微结构及其功能的影响.应用生态学报, 2003, 14: 1287-1290.
[109]Ai X Z, Guo Y K, Chen L P, Xing Y X. Photosynthetic characteristics and ultrastructure of chloroplast of cucumber under low light densityin solar-greenhouse[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2004, 3: 129-135.
[110]Hoober J K. Chloroplasts [M] . New York and London :Plenum Press ,1984. 199 - 222. [111 ]Ono K,Hashimoto H , Kato S. Changes in the number and size of chloroplasts during senescence of primary leaves of wheat grown under different conditions [ J ] . Plant Cell Physiol ,1995 ,36(1) :9-17.
[112]Anttonen S, Herranen J, Peura P, et al . Fatty acids and ultrastructure of ozone-exposed Aleppo pine ( Pinus halepensisMill. )needles[J]. Environ Pollut, 1995,87: 235-242
[113]Smith MD, Licatalosi DD, Thomp son JE. Co-association of cytochrome fcatabolites and plastid-lipid-associated protein with chloroplast lipid particles[J]. Plant Physiol, 2000, 124: 211-222
[114]Lichtenthaler HK. Plastglobuli and fine structure of the plastids[J]. Endeavour, 1968,27: 144-149
[115]Steinmuller D, Tevini M. Composition and function of plastglobuliⅡ. Lippid composition of leaves and plastoglobuli during beech leaf senescence[J]. Planta, 1985, 163: 91-96
[116]史宏志,韩锦峰,赵鹏.不同氮量与氮源下烤烟淀粉酶和转化酶活性动态变化[J ].中国烟草科学,1999(3) :5-8 [117 ]邓云龙,孔光辉,武锦坤.氮素营养对烤烟叶片淀粉积累及SPS、淀粉酶活性的影响[J].烟草科技,200l (11) :34-37
[118] Kratsch HA, Wise RR. The ultrasturcture of chilling stress[J].Plant Cell Environ, 2000, 23: 337～350
[119]Leslie SB, Israeli E, LightartB, et al. Trehalose and sucrose protect both membranes and proteins in intact bacteria during drying[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1995,61: 3592-3597
[120]NagaoM, MinamiA, Arakawa K, et al. Rapid degradation of starch in chlorop lasts and concomitant accumulation of soluble sugars associated with ABA2induced freezing tolerance in the moss Physcom itrella patens[J]. Plant Physiol, 2005, 162: 169-180
[121]武雪萍,刘增俊,赵跃华,刘国顺,杨超,郭伟玲,荆冬梅.施用芝麻饼肥对植烟根际土壤酶活性和微生物碳、氮的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2005,ll(4):541-546
[122]史宏志,韩锦峰,刘卫群等.氮素营养对烤烟类脂物含量和脂肪氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,1997 ,3(4) :41—48
[123]陈静,陈启林,翁俊,刘源,程智慧,徐春和.不同红光远红光比例的光照影响番茄幼苗叶片中花青素合成的研究[J].西北植物学报, 2004, 24 (10) : 1773—1778
[124]尹靖东,齐广海,霍启光.类黄酮对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002:33(3) 215-220
[125]李静,刘学群,王春台.一个烟草葡糖基转移酶基因启动子的克隆与诱导表达[J],华中农业大学学报.2007,26(3):277-282
[126]Henrissa T B, Davies G J. Glycoside hydrolases and glycosyhrans - ferases, families,mudules and implications for genomics[J]. Plant Physiol, 2000, 124:1515-1519
[127]Kubasek W L, Shirley B W, Mckillop A, Goodman H M, Briggs W, Ausubel F M. Regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in germinating arabidopsis seedlings[J]. Plant Cell, 1992 , 4(10):1229-1236
[128]荀志金,贺忠,张征,徐虹.γ-谷氨酰转肽酶及其应用[J].南京工业大学学报, 2004, 26 (4 ) :107-110
[129]邓林,陈少良.ATPase与植物抗盐性[J].植物学通报,2005, 22 (增刊): 11-21
[130] Wang X, Cnops G, Vanderhaeghen R, De B S, Van M M, Van L M. A cellulose synthase-like gene important for root hair growth in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Physiol, 2001, 126(2):575-586
[131]李扬汉.植物学[M].上海:上海科技技术出版社,2006:83-90
[132]Ulf D , Friedrich O , Annegret W. Late assembly steps and dynamics of the cyanobacterial photosystem I [J],Biol Chem , 2007, 15: 303-568
[133]萧浪涛,王三根.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004: 137-146
[134]Tomo T, Enami I , Satoh K. Orientation and nearest neighbor analysis of psbI gene product in the photosystem II reaction center complex using bifunctional cross-linkers [J]. FEBS Lett., 1993, 323: 15-18
[135] Levy H , Gokhman I, Zamir A. Regulation and light-harvesting complex II association of a dunaliella protein homologous to early light-induced proteins in higher plants [J]. Biol Chem, 1992, 267(26): 1-6
[136]David K Giford. Blazing pathways through genetic mountains[J]. Science, 2001, 293: 2049-2051
[137]Bassett D E, Eisen M B, Boguski M S. Gene expression informatics-it's all in your mine[J]. Nat Genet, 1999,21: 51-55