集群企业网络特征、协调机制对企业知识资源获取的影响研究
|
摘要
知识资源是企业未来创造财富和保持竞争优势的决定性的资源,企业未来发展主要依靠知识推动,因而知识资源获取成为学者们近些年的研究热点,知识是现代企业竞争的焦点,也是提升企业核心竞争力的关键。企业能否持续高效的获取知识资源成为企业生存与发展的关键。另一方面,随着经济全球化,企业的生存方式发生很大改变,企业网络得到迅速发展。企业嵌入的社会网络可以为其获取及时、准确的信息提供良好的渠道,它能为企业直接提供知识资源、信息和互补的资源(Hagedoom,1993)。社会网络环境下,任何企业或组织都不可能单独的管理知识,因为企业本身是开放的,网络已成为企业获取知识资源和信息的重要组织形式。企业从外部网络获取知识资源的效果还依赖于企业是否具备较高水平的协调机制,通过外部网络获取知识资源,企业才能在激烈的市场竞争中赢得优势。本文综合运用网络理论、知识管理理论、组织学习理论和协调机制理论等相关学科的理论与方法,借鉴前人已有的研究,提出了产业集群中企业知识资源获取影响因素模型与相关假设。通过探讨企业外部的网络特征与协调机制等影响因素间的相互关系,及其对知识资源获取的影响,揭示了网络环境下,企业网络特征是如何对企业知识资源获取产生影响。本文的研究对集群企业获取知识资源,提升企业竞争力,具有重要的意义。本研究运用网络分析的方法,在对西安通讯装备制造产业集群和西安光电产业集群内高层管理者进行深度访谈和预调研的基础上,以394家相关集群企业为样本,进行调研,获取数据,再运用SPSS16.0等统计软件对数据进行相关分析、因子分析、回归分析等,得出以下主要研究结论：
(1)企业网络特征变量的中心度、联结强度均能对企业知识资源获取产生显著的正向影响。
(2)企业网络特征对企业知识资源获取的影响并不是直接的。必须经由协调机制的中介作用,才能实现。具体来讲：协调机制在中心度、联结强度影响显性知识资源获取中扮演部分中介的作用,协调机制在中心度、联结强度影响隐性知识资源获取影响中扮演完全中介的作用。企业协调机制充当企业网络与知识资源获取之间的桥梁。协调机制对隐性知识资源获取的作用更为关键,企业网络特征两项指标均通过影响协调机制对企业知识资源获取产生间接的显著影响。
紧紧围绕集群企业网络特征—协调机制—知识资源获取”这一框架,本研究的创新点体现在如下几方面：
(1)本研究构建了集群企业网络特征—协调机制—知识资源获取的概念模型,并进行了实证检验。通过对产业集群、企业网络、协调机制、知识资源获取等相关文献进行梳理,把协调机制当做中间变量,构建集群企业网络特征—协调机制—知识资源获取的概念模型,并以西安通讯装备产业集群与西安光电子产业集群中的企业为样本,进行问卷调研,获取数据,对研究假设进行实证检验,证明了企业网络通过协调机制影响企业知识资源获取的内在机理。较之以往研究,本文的理论框架更完整,所探讨的网络特征也更全面。
(2)从网络视角揭示了集群企业知识资源获取的过程机制。本研究依托集群的网络理论,协调机制理论,探讨集群企业知识资源获取的过程机制。完善了企业知识资源获取影响因素研究模型,系统探讨了影响企业知识资源获取的关键因素,把这些关键因素纳入到一个完整的模型中,本研究认为,集群企业网络特征的差异通过影响企业的协调机制,从而间接影响了企业知识资源获取。这一理论观点在本研究中得到了检验与支持。协调机制作为中介变量对于提高隐性知识资源获取有较强的作用。
(3)从实证分析的角度揭示了企业网络特征影响企业知识资源获取的内在机理。目前,这方面的实证研究比较少,本文通过对西安通讯装备产业集群企业和西安光电子产业集群企业的285份有效问卷进行统计分析,得出研究结论,具有一定的探索性。本文通过实证分析发现了以下结论：中心度、联结强度对协调机制有显著的正向影响作用。协调机制对知识资源获取有显著的促进作用,后一结论说明企业在知识资源获取过程中,可以通过主动地构建、优化协调机制,提高企业知识资源获取的效果。
本研究以产业集群中的企业为研究对象,通过构建概念模型,理论假设,进行实证检验,最终得出了一些有意义的研究结论。但由于企业网络、协调机制等领域的相关理论非常复杂,加之笔者的研究能力所限,本研究中还存在许多不足,需要在今后的研究中逐步改善。
Knowledge is critical resource to keep enterprise's competition.Knowledge resources is not only focus of scholar'concern,but also focus of enterprise's competition.lt is critical to improve the core enterprise's competition.The key to develop for company is persisting knowledge resources acquiring.On the other hand,with economic globalization and the rapid development of networking,there are great changes in existence manner of enterprise. Enterprise network developed rapidly.Enterprise embedded in the social network can get correct information immedetely.it can support knowledge, information and complementary resources.Under the social network environment,it is impossible to manage knowledge singlely for any enterprise or organization,because enterprise is openly itself. The social network become important way to get knowledge and information.The performance of knowledge resources acquiring is depending on the high level of coordination mechanism which can be used to obtaining knowledge resources.The enterprise can get success in the fierce competition.Referenced the former researchers's contribution, this research utilizes network relationship theory, knowledge management theory, organization learning theory, and coordination mechanism theory to formalize a model of the influencing variable of knowledge resources acquiring performance in industry cluster and some interrelated hypothesis.This paper discusses the relationship between network characteristics and coordination mechanism and mechanism that enterprise network have impact on knowledge resources acquiring, so as to explain how clustered enterprises network characteristics have an impact on knowledge resources acquiring under today's industrial clusters environment. This paper is important for enterprises to acquire knowledge resources and improve competitiveness. Then,this paper takes advantage of social network analysis methods. Based on interviews with top management in enterprises and carrying out small sample test research, author obtain the data through conducting a questionnaire survey of394enterprises in the Xi'an communications equipment manufacturing industry cluster and Xi'an optoelectronics industry cluster.the author takes a study by using of the statistical analysis software SPSS16.0which in details including correlation analysis, factor analysis, and liner regression.The main research results are shown below after the empirical analysis:
(1) Position centrality and tie strength have an importantly positive impact on knowledge resources acquiring.
(2) The impact which clustered enterprises network characteristics have on knowledge resources acquiring is not direct, it dependent on the intermediary role of the coordination mechanism.Coordination mechanisms play intermediary role between position centrality、 tie strength and dominant intellectual resources acquiring,coordination mechanism play full mediating role between position centrality、 tie strength and tacit knowledge acquiring.The coordination mechanism play a brige role between network characteristics and Knowledge resources acquiring.especialy for tacit knowledge,the role is dimininet. apparently, the two indicators of enterprise external network have an indirect but significant impact on knowledge resources acquiring.
In the framework of network characteristics, coordination mechanism and knowledge resources acquiring, The innovation points of this research include the following three aspects:
(1) Constructed and tested a comprehensive framework about network characteristics, coordination mechanism.and knowledge resources acquiring.
The author reviewed the relative literatures about network structure, coordination mechanism, knowledge resources acquiring and based on these literatures, taking the coordination mechanism as the intermediate variable, the author constructed the analysis framework of "enterprise external network, coordination mechanism, enterprise knowledge resources acquiring".By analysing the clustered enterprise's sample data from the Xi'an communications equipment manufacturing industry cluster and the Xi'an optoelectronics industry cluster, this paper empirically tested corresponding hypothesis.the author clarify the impact mechanism of enterprise external network affects its knowledge resources acquiring indirectly by the means of its effect on enterprises coordination mechanism which play mediating role between enterprise external network and knowledge resources acquiring. Compared with previous studies,this paper have more complete theoretical framework, Author explores more comprehensive clustered enterprises network characteristics.
(2) Revealed the mechanism that formed the clustered enterprises's knowledge resources acquiring from a network perspective.
Based on network theory, coordination mechanism,this paper reveals the mechanism of how clustered enterprises network characteristics affect knowledge resources acquiring.this paper discussed the mechanism that formed the clustered enterprises's knowledge resources acquiring, Complement the model of the influencing variable of knowledge resources acquiring,disscuss the critical factors affecting enterprise's knowledge resources acquiring System, put all these critical factors in a completed model.In this dissertation, the author claim that the difference of enterprises network characteristics have an impact on the knowledge resources acquiring indirectly by the means of its effect on enterprises's coordination mechanism.This point was supported by the empirical analysis. As a mediating varible, coordination mechanism play important role on improving knowledge resource acquiring.
(3) Author make a quantitative analysis on the impact of enterprise external network on its knowledge resources acquiring.This paper reveal the mechanism how clustered enterprises network characteristics have an impact on knowledge resources acquiring by the empirical analysis.At present, the empirical analysis are still rare on enterprise external network affecting knowledge resources acquiring. Thus, according to285valid questionnaires of the Xi'an communications equipment manufacturing industry cluster and Xi'an optoelectronics industry cluster, this Paper takes a study by using of the statistical analysis software SPSS16.0, and this have some exploratory.In this paper, author gets two conclusions:Firstly, the position centrality, tie strength positively affects coordination mechanism.Coordination mechanism of enterprise positively affects knowledge resources acquiring.The latter conclusion shows that enterprise can build coordination mechanism more actively in the process of knowledge resources acquiring to enhance performance of enterprise knowledge resources acquiring.
Choosing clustered enterprises as analysis object, by constructing the analysis framework, the theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper has get some meaningful conclusions. However, theory about industrial clusters are complicate. Because of the author's limited research ability, there might be some drawbacks in this paper which needed to be improved by further research.
(1)企业网络特征变量的中心度、联结强度均能对企业知识资源获取产生显著的正向影响。
(2)企业网络特征对企业知识资源获取的影响并不是直接的。必须经由协调机制的中介作用,才能实现。具体来讲：协调机制在中心度、联结强度影响显性知识资源获取中扮演部分中介的作用,协调机制在中心度、联结强度影响隐性知识资源获取影响中扮演完全中介的作用。企业协调机制充当企业网络与知识资源获取之间的桥梁。协调机制对隐性知识资源获取的作用更为关键,企业网络特征两项指标均通过影响协调机制对企业知识资源获取产生间接的显著影响。
紧紧围绕集群企业网络特征—协调机制—知识资源获取”这一框架,本研究的创新点体现在如下几方面：
(1)本研究构建了集群企业网络特征—协调机制—知识资源获取的概念模型,并进行了实证检验。通过对产业集群、企业网络、协调机制、知识资源获取等相关文献进行梳理,把协调机制当做中间变量,构建集群企业网络特征—协调机制—知识资源获取的概念模型,并以西安通讯装备产业集群与西安光电子产业集群中的企业为样本,进行问卷调研,获取数据,对研究假设进行实证检验,证明了企业网络通过协调机制影响企业知识资源获取的内在机理。较之以往研究,本文的理论框架更完整,所探讨的网络特征也更全面。
(2)从网络视角揭示了集群企业知识资源获取的过程机制。本研究依托集群的网络理论,协调机制理论,探讨集群企业知识资源获取的过程机制。完善了企业知识资源获取影响因素研究模型,系统探讨了影响企业知识资源获取的关键因素,把这些关键因素纳入到一个完整的模型中,本研究认为,集群企业网络特征的差异通过影响企业的协调机制,从而间接影响了企业知识资源获取。这一理论观点在本研究中得到了检验与支持。协调机制作为中介变量对于提高隐性知识资源获取有较强的作用。
(3)从实证分析的角度揭示了企业网络特征影响企业知识资源获取的内在机理。目前,这方面的实证研究比较少,本文通过对西安通讯装备产业集群企业和西安光电子产业集群企业的285份有效问卷进行统计分析,得出研究结论,具有一定的探索性。本文通过实证分析发现了以下结论：中心度、联结强度对协调机制有显著的正向影响作用。协调机制对知识资源获取有显著的促进作用,后一结论说明企业在知识资源获取过程中,可以通过主动地构建、优化协调机制,提高企业知识资源获取的效果。
本研究以产业集群中的企业为研究对象,通过构建概念模型,理论假设,进行实证检验,最终得出了一些有意义的研究结论。但由于企业网络、协调机制等领域的相关理论非常复杂,加之笔者的研究能力所限,本研究中还存在许多不足,需要在今后的研究中逐步改善。
Knowledge is critical resource to keep enterprise's competition.Knowledge resources is not only focus of scholar'concern,but also focus of enterprise's competition.lt is critical to improve the core enterprise's competition.The key to develop for company is persisting knowledge resources acquiring.On the other hand,with economic globalization and the rapid development of networking,there are great changes in existence manner of enterprise. Enterprise network developed rapidly.Enterprise embedded in the social network can get correct information immedetely.it can support knowledge, information and complementary resources.Under the social network environment,it is impossible to manage knowledge singlely for any enterprise or organization,because enterprise is openly itself. The social network become important way to get knowledge and information.The performance of knowledge resources acquiring is depending on the high level of coordination mechanism which can be used to obtaining knowledge resources.The enterprise can get success in the fierce competition.Referenced the former researchers's contribution, this research utilizes network relationship theory, knowledge management theory, organization learning theory, and coordination mechanism theory to formalize a model of the influencing variable of knowledge resources acquiring performance in industry cluster and some interrelated hypothesis.This paper discusses the relationship between network characteristics and coordination mechanism and mechanism that enterprise network have impact on knowledge resources acquiring, so as to explain how clustered enterprises network characteristics have an impact on knowledge resources acquiring under today's industrial clusters environment. This paper is important for enterprises to acquire knowledge resources and improve competitiveness. Then,this paper takes advantage of social network analysis methods. Based on interviews with top management in enterprises and carrying out small sample test research, author obtain the data through conducting a questionnaire survey of394enterprises in the Xi'an communications equipment manufacturing industry cluster and Xi'an optoelectronics industry cluster.the author takes a study by using of the statistical analysis software SPSS16.0which in details including correlation analysis, factor analysis, and liner regression.The main research results are shown below after the empirical analysis:
(1) Position centrality and tie strength have an importantly positive impact on knowledge resources acquiring.
(2) The impact which clustered enterprises network characteristics have on knowledge resources acquiring is not direct, it dependent on the intermediary role of the coordination mechanism.Coordination mechanisms play intermediary role between position centrality、 tie strength and dominant intellectual resources acquiring,coordination mechanism play full mediating role between position centrality、 tie strength and tacit knowledge acquiring.The coordination mechanism play a brige role between network characteristics and Knowledge resources acquiring.especialy for tacit knowledge,the role is dimininet. apparently, the two indicators of enterprise external network have an indirect but significant impact on knowledge resources acquiring.
In the framework of network characteristics, coordination mechanism and knowledge resources acquiring, The innovation points of this research include the following three aspects:
(1) Constructed and tested a comprehensive framework about network characteristics, coordination mechanism.and knowledge resources acquiring.
The author reviewed the relative literatures about network structure, coordination mechanism, knowledge resources acquiring and based on these literatures, taking the coordination mechanism as the intermediate variable, the author constructed the analysis framework of "enterprise external network, coordination mechanism, enterprise knowledge resources acquiring".By analysing the clustered enterprise's sample data from the Xi'an communications equipment manufacturing industry cluster and the Xi'an optoelectronics industry cluster, this paper empirically tested corresponding hypothesis.the author clarify the impact mechanism of enterprise external network affects its knowledge resources acquiring indirectly by the means of its effect on enterprises coordination mechanism which play mediating role between enterprise external network and knowledge resources acquiring. Compared with previous studies,this paper have more complete theoretical framework, Author explores more comprehensive clustered enterprises network characteristics.
(2) Revealed the mechanism that formed the clustered enterprises's knowledge resources acquiring from a network perspective.
Based on network theory, coordination mechanism,this paper reveals the mechanism of how clustered enterprises network characteristics affect knowledge resources acquiring.this paper discussed the mechanism that formed the clustered enterprises's knowledge resources acquiring, Complement the model of the influencing variable of knowledge resources acquiring,disscuss the critical factors affecting enterprise's knowledge resources acquiring System, put all these critical factors in a completed model.In this dissertation, the author claim that the difference of enterprises network characteristics have an impact on the knowledge resources acquiring indirectly by the means of its effect on enterprises's coordination mechanism.This point was supported by the empirical analysis. As a mediating varible, coordination mechanism play important role on improving knowledge resource acquiring.
(3) Author make a quantitative analysis on the impact of enterprise external network on its knowledge resources acquiring.This paper reveal the mechanism how clustered enterprises network characteristics have an impact on knowledge resources acquiring by the empirical analysis.At present, the empirical analysis are still rare on enterprise external network affecting knowledge resources acquiring. Thus, according to285valid questionnaires of the Xi'an communications equipment manufacturing industry cluster and Xi'an optoelectronics industry cluster, this Paper takes a study by using of the statistical analysis software SPSS16.0, and this have some exploratory.In this paper, author gets two conclusions:Firstly, the position centrality, tie strength positively affects coordination mechanism.Coordination mechanism of enterprise positively affects knowledge resources acquiring.The latter conclusion shows that enterprise can build coordination mechanism more actively in the process of knowledge resources acquiring to enhance performance of enterprise knowledge resources acquiring.
Choosing clustered enterprises as analysis object, by constructing the analysis framework, the theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper has get some meaningful conclusions. However, theory about industrial clusters are complicate. Because of the author's limited research ability, there might be some drawbacks in this paper which needed to be improved by further research.
引文
[1]Coleman, James S.Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital [J]. American Journal of Sociology,1988,94 (1): 95-120.
[2]Hagedoom J.Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993,14(3):371-385.
[3]Powell,W. W.,Koput, K. W.,& Smith-Doerr, L..Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation:Networks of learning in biotechnology [J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1996,41(2):116-145.
[4]Nahapiet J,Ghoshal S.Social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage [J]. Academy of Management Review,1998,23(2):242-266.
[5]Borgatti S P. A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks[J].Management Science,2003,49(4):432-445.
[6]Zaheer A.Bell G G.Benefiting from Network Position:Firm Capabilities.Structural Holes,and Performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(9):809-825.
[7]Andrew V. Shipilovinsead, FranceStan Xiao Li York University,Canada Can You Have Your Cake and Eat It Too? Structural Holes'Influence on Status Accumulation and Market Performance in Collaborative Networks[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 2008,53(5):73-108.
[8]吴晓波,刘雪峰,胡松翠.全球制造网络中本地企业知识获取实证研究[J].科学学研究,2007,24(3)：67-71.
[9]Bergman E.M.,Maier G.and Todtling F.(eds).Regions Reconsidered:Economic Networks, Innovation, and Local Development in Industrialized Countries[M].New York:Mansell,1991.
[10]Rosenfeld, S.A.Bringing business clusters into the mainstream of economic development [J]. European Planning Studies,1997,36(5):3-23.
[11]Schmitz,H.Global Competition and Loeal Cooperarion:Sueeess and Failure in the Sinos Valley, Brazil [J]. World Development,1999,27(4):1627-1650.
[12]Porter, M.E.Clusters and the New Economics of Competition[J].Harvard Business Review,1998, 11(6):77-90.
[13]Gordon, L.R.&Mc Cann, P.Industrial Clusters:Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks?[J].Urban Studies,2000,37(3):513-532.
[14]Morosini, P.Industrial clusters, knowledge integration and performance[J].World Development,2004,32(2):305-326.
[15]St.John, A.H.&Pouder, R.Technology clusters versus industry clusters:resources networks, and regional advantages [J]. Growth and Change,2006,37(2):141-171.
[16]仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1999.
[17]徐康宁.开放经济条件下的产业集群及其竞争力[J].中国工业经济,2001(11)：12-18.
[18]符正平.论企业集群的产生条件和形成机制[J].中国工业经济,2002(10)：58-64.
[19]沈玉芳,张超.加入WTO后我国地区产业调控机制和模式的转型研究[J].2002,11(1)：15-23.
[20]魏江,叶波.产业集群技术能力增长机理研究[J].科学管理研究,2003(1)：52-56.
[21]王凤彬,李奇会.组织背景下的嵌入性研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2007(03)：28-33.
[22]Nadel, S.F., Theory of Social Structure[M].London:Cohen&West Ltd.,1957.
[23]林润辉,李维安.网络组织—更具环境适应能力的新型组织模式[J].南开管理评论,2000(3)：4-7.
[24]朱国宏.经济社会学[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2003.
[25]Larson, A.Partner Networks:Leveraging External Ties to Improve Entrepreneurial Performance[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1991,47 (6):173-188.
[26]Veronique Schutjens, Erik Stam. The Evolution and Nature of Young Firm Networks:A Longitudinal Perspective [J]. Small Business Economics,2003,21 (2):115-118.
[27]陈学光,徐金发.基于企业网络能力的创新网络研究[J].技术经济,2007,26(3)：42-44.
[28]Beamon Benita M,Measuring Supply Chain performance [J]. International Journal of Operations and Production Management,1999,19(3),275-292.
[29]Birnbirg Jacob G,Control in Interfirm Cooperative Relationships[J].Journal of Management Studies,1998,35(7):4-8.
[30]Powell W. Neither market nor hierarchy:network forms of organization[J].Organizational Behavior,1990,12(3):295-336.
[31]卢少华.虚拟企业的协调机制与效益优化问题研究[D].南京：东南大学,2004.
[32]陈剑,冯尉东.虚拟企业构建与管理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[33]赵艳萍.虚拟企业协调机制研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2007.
[34]李宁.企业集群内部协调机制研究[D].济南：山东大学,2006.
[35]Eberhart R., Shi Yuhui.Particle Swarm Optimization:Developments, applications and resources[A].Proc IE Int Conf on Evolutionary computation[C].Seoul,2001.
[36]张青山,游明忠.企业动态联盟的协调机制[J].中国管理科学,2003(4)：96-100.
[37]GHOSHAL, S, H.KORINE, G. SZULANSKI.Interunit communication in multinational corporations[J].Management Sci,1994,40(6):96-110.
[38]赵阳,刘益,张磊楠.市场导向、协调机制与知识获取的影响作用研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(3)：110-111.
[39]刘静卜,李朝明.企业协同知识创新的利益协调机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(8)：65-69.
[40]Nelson,R. R.,Winter,S. G. An evolutionary theory of economic change [M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1982.
[41]Wen Bao Lin.Factors affecting the correlation between interactive mechanism of strategic alliance and technological knowledge transfer performance[J] Journal of high technology Management Research,2007,47(6):139-155.
[42]Grant,R.M.Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(5):109-122.
[43]宝贡敏,徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,13(2)：43-49.
[44]Polanyi, M. The tacit dimension[M]. New York:Doubleday&Co.,1966.
[45]李晶钰,沈灏.不同竞合情景下企业知识获取和绩效关系的研究[J].科研管理,2009,30(5)：139-147.
[46]Turner, K. L., Makhija,M. V. the role of organizational controls in managing knowledge[J].The Academy of Management Review,2006,31(1):198-217.
[47]Loury, G.The economics of discrimination:Getting to the core of the problem [J].Harvard Journal for Airican American Public Policy,1992,38(1):91-110.
[48]Yli-RenkoH,Autio E,SapienzaH. Social capital knowledge acquisition and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(7):587-613.
[49]Tsang EW K. Acquiring knowledge by foreign partners from international jointventures in a transitionaleconomy:learning-by-doing and learningmyopia[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(9):835-854.
[50]Lumpkin G T,Dess G G. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance [J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(1):135-172.
[51]姚小涛,席酉民.企业联盟中的知识获取机制：基于高层管理人员个人社会关系资源的理论分析框架[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,29(6)：98-102.
[52]卢兵,廖貅武,岳亮.联盟中知识转移效率的分析[J].系统工程,2006,24(6)：46-51.
[53]LylesM A, Salk J E. Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international jointventures:An empirical examination in the Hungarian context[J] Journal of International Business Studies,2007,38(1):3-18.
[54]Simonin B L. The importance of collaborative know-how:an empirical test of the learning organisation[J].Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(5):1150-1174.
[55]LYLES M A, SALK J E. Knowledge Acquisition from Foreign Parents in International Joint Ventures:an Empirical Examination in the Hungarian Context[J] Journal of International Business Studies,1996,27 (5):877-903.
[56]江旭,高山行,廖貅武.外部知识获取、新产品开发与企业绩效关系的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2008,20(5)：72-77.
[57]Freeman L C. Centrality in networks:I. conceptual clarification[J]. Social Networks,1979,25(1):215-239.
[58]Granovetter,M.,The Strength of Weak Ties[J].The American Journal of Sociology,1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[59]Granovetter,M.,Network Sampling:Some First Steps[J].The American Journal of Sociology,1976,81(6):1287-1303.
[60]Paul R.Krugman.Geography and Trade[M].Cambridge,MA:The MIT Press,1991.
[61]Paul R.Krugman.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography [J].The Joumalof Political Economy,J.991,99(3):58-64.
[62]Mark S.Granovetter. Economic Action and Social Structure:The Problem of Embeddedness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[63]Lars-Gunnar Mattsson Jan Johanson.Interorganizational Relations in Industrial Systems:A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction Cost Approach[J].International Studies of Management Organization,1987,17(1):12-19.
[64]王缉慈.创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2001.
[65]盖文启.论区域经济发展与区域创新环境[J].学术研究,2002(1)：12-16.
[66]魏江.小企业集群创新网络的知识溢出效应分析[J].科研管理,2003,24(4)：54-60.
[67]孙艳萍,胡开顺.基于区域集聚多动态联盟体系的产业集群模式[J].经济体制改革,2003(2)：49-51.
[68]林竞君.嵌入性、社会网络与产业集群—一个新经济社会学的视角[J].经济经纬,2004(5)：45-48.
[69]朱海就,陆立军,袁安府.从企业网络看产业集群竞争力差异的原因—浙江和意大利产业集群的比较[J].软科学,2004,18(1)：22-25.
[70]邢敏,李博,闫存岩,企业社会资本及其对企业绩效的影响[J].兰州学刊,2008(1)：69-71.
[71]Gulat,I Ranay.Alliances and networks[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1998, 19(4):293-317.
[72]Dyer,JeffreyH.;Singh,Harbir. The Relational View:Coooperative Strategy and Sou rces of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998,23(4):660-679.
[73]Gnyawal,i Devi R.;Madhavan, Ravindranath. Cooperative Networks and Competitive Dynamics:A Structural Embeddedness Perspective[J].Academy of Management Rev iew,2001,26(3):431-445.
[74]Lavie,D.Network Resources:Toward a New Social Network Perspective [J]. Academy of Management Review,2008,33(2):546-568.
[75]Gulati,R.Network location and learning:the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation[J].Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(3):397-420.
[76]Lavie,D.The interconnected firm:evolution,strategy,and Performance[D].A dissertation in strategic management of University of Pennsylvania,2004.
[77]Tsa,I Wenp in;Ghosha,l Sumantra. Social capital and value creation:The role of intrafirm networks [J]. Academy of Management Journa,1998,41(4):464-476.
[78]Blyler,Maureen; Cof,f RussellW..Dynamic capabilities,social capital, and rent appropriation:ties that splitpies[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(7):677-686.
[79]Gulat,i Ranjay. Network location and learning:The influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation[J].StrategicManagement Journa,1999,20(5):397-420.
[80]Ibarra H.Network,centrality,power,and innovation involvement:determinants of technical and administrative roles[J].Academy of Management Journal,1993,36(5):471-501.
[81]王钦.是涅磐,还是灭亡—中国企业管理发展趋势前瞻[J].企业管理,2005(1)：25-27.
[82]BurtR S. Structural Holes[M].Boston:Harvard University Press,1992.
[83]Uzzi B.The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations:the network effect[J].American Sociological Review,1996,61(4):674-698.
[84]GulatiR, Nohria N, ZaheerA.Strategic networks[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000(21):203-215.
[85]方刚.基于资源观的企业网络能力与创新绩效关系研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2008.
[86]Inkpen, A. C, Tsang, E. W. K. Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer. Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
[87]Johnson.Seting the Srage for Trust and Strategic Integration in Japanese-U.S. Cooperative Alliances[J].Journal of International Business Studies.1996,27(5):981-100.
[88]Malone T W,Crowston K.What is coordination theory and how can it help design cooperative work systems?[A].Proc.CSCW'90[C].New York:ACM,1990.
[89]Crowston K,Osborn C S.A coordination theory approach to process description and redesign[R].Technical report number 204.Cambridge,MA:MIT,Centre for Coordination Science,1998.
[90]Mintzberg H.The structuring of organizations[M].Englewood Cliffs,N J:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1979.
[91]March J G,Simon H A.Organizations[M].New York:Jones Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1958.
[92]Thompson J.Organizations in action[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1967.
[93]程新章.组织理论关于协调问题的研究[J].科技管理研究,2006(10)：231-235.
[94]杨蕙馨,李宁.基于内部协调机制的新产业区理论评述[J].学术研究,2006(2)：52-55.
[95]张青山,游明忠.企业动态联盟的协调机制[J].中国管理科学,2003(2)：57-63.
[96]Emile Durkheim.The Division of Labor in Society[M]New York:Free Press,1933.
[97]马克斯·维贝尔.世界经济通史[M].姚曾廙,译.上海：上海译文出版社,1981.
[98]安东尼·吉登斯.现代性的后果[M].田禾,译.南京：译林出版社,2000.
[99]Garfinke.Studies in Ethno Methodology[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1984.
[100]UZZI B.Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:the paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(8):35-67.
[101]Mari Sako.Prices,Quality and Trust:Inter-Firm Relations in Britain and Japan[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[102]A.Parkhe.Building Trust in International Alliances[J]. Journal of World Business,1998,33(4):417-437.
[103]Akbar Zaheer,Bill Mcevily,Vincenzo Perrone.Does Trust Matter?Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust on Performance [J]. Organization Science,1998,9(2):141-159.
[104]高静美,郭劲光.企业网络中的信任机制及信任差异分析[J].南开管理评论,2004(7)：63-68.
[105]Hoffmann, S.,Hoffmann, W. H.,et al. Success factors of strategic alliances in small and medium - sized enterprises:An empirical survey[J]. Long Range Planning, 2001,34(3):357-362.
[106]Chang,C. Y. Study on the influences of knowledge characteristics and alliance types on the efficiency of knowledge transfer[D]. Working Paper, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, National Chengkung University,2001.
[107]Robert M.Morgan, Shelby D.Hunt, The comrnitment-trust theory of relationship marketing[J], Journal of Marketing,1994,(58)7,P:20-38.
[108]Gambetta,D. Can we trust trust[A]?In D.Gambetta, Trust:Making and Breaking Cooperative Relation[C], Oxford:Blackwell,1988.
[109]Miles, R.E.&Snow, C.C., Causes of failure in network organizations [J], California Management Review,1992,34(4):53-72.
[110]李敏.论企业社会资本的有机构成及功能[J].中国工业经济,2005(8)：81-88.
[111]ZUCKER L G.Production of trust:Institutional source of economic structure[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,1986(8):53-111.
[112]林英晖.供应链企业间信任研究：价值、评判与建立[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2007.
[113]HANDFIELD R B, BECHTEL C.The role of trust and relationship structure in improving supply chain responsiveness[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2002,31 (5):367-382.
[114]潘镇,李晏墅.联盟中的信任—一项中国背景下的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(4)：44-54.
[115]Thomas,K.W.Conflict and Conflict Management,in M.D.Dunnette(ed.),Handbook in Industrialand Organizational Psychology[M],Palo Alto:Consulting Psychologists Press,1976.
[116]Rahim,M.A.A Measure of Handling Interpersonal Conflict[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1983,42(8):168-176.
[117]Pondy,L..Organizational conflict[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly.1967,38(3):92-98.
[118]Propris L.Types of Innovation and Inter-Firm Cooperation[J].Entrepreneurship&Regional Development,2002,14(2):337-353.
[119]Hillman, A.J.and Hitt, M.A.ICoorporate political Strategy Formulation:A Model of Approach, Participation and Strategy Decisions[J].Academy of Management Review,1999, 24(7):825-842.
[120]Pak,Y. S.,Park, Y. R. A framework of knowledge transfer in cross-border joint ventures:An empirical test of the Korean context[J]. Management International Review,2004,44(4):417-434.
[121]Austen-Smith, D., J.S.Banks, and A.Rustichini, "Introduction to Political Science"[J]. Journal of Economic Theory,2002, (103)03:1-10.
[122]钱亚东,郑国君,战洪飞.网络化协同设计过程管理方法和工具[J].科研管理,2004,25(1)：90-95.
[123]Kogut, B.,Zander,U. Knowledge of the firm combinative capabilities and the replication of technology [J]. Organization Science,1992,3(3):383-397.
[124]Hackbarth,G. The impact of organizational memory on IT systems[J].Proceedings of the Americas Conference of AIS,1998,73(8):588-590.
[125]徐金发,许强,顾惊雷.企业知识转移的情境分析模型[J].科研管理,2003(2)：15-23.
[126]Hedlund G.A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,53(2):187-192.
[127]王国弘,陈士俊.企业隐性知识的分类与外化模式研究[J].科学管理研究,2008(3)：26-32.
[128]Nonaka,I.,Byosiere, P., Borucki, C.,et al. Organizational knowledge creation theory:A first comprehensive test[J]. International Business Review,1994,3(4):337-351.
[129]南旭光.知识获取性视角下隐性知识的转化和流动[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2010(3)：107-112.
[130]Spender,J. C. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17 (8):45-62.
[131]Castillo, J. A note on the concept of tacit knowledge[J]. Journal of Management Inquiry,2002,11(1):46-57.
[132]CohenW M, LevinthalD A.Absorptive capacity:a new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152.
[133]Y li-RenkoH,Autio E,Sapienza H J.Social capita,knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(6/7):587-613.
[134]Reagans R, Zuckerman E, McEvily B.How to make the team?Social networks vs.demography as criteria for designing effective projects [R].Working paper, Columbia University Graduate School of Business,2003:89-91.
[135]Barney,J.B., Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage[M].Prentice Hall,1991.
[136]Koka, B.R.&Prescott, J.E..Strategic Alliances as Social Capital:A Multidimensional View[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(03):795-816.
[137]Ahuja, G. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation:A longitudinal study[J].Admin.Sci.Quart.2000,45(6):425-455.
[138]Owen-Smith, J.and Powell, W. W..Knowledge networks as channels and conducts:the effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community[J]. Organization Science,2004,36(5):5-21.
[139]Nooteboom.Mom, T. J. M.,Van Den Bosch, F.A.J.and Volberda, H.W.'Investigating managers'exploration and exploitation activities:the influence of top-down, bottom-up and horizontal knowledge inflows'[J].Journal of Management Studies,2007,44(2):910-921.
[140]Tsai Echols, A., and W.Tsai.. Niche and performance:The moderating role of network embeddedness[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005,29(3):219-38.
[141]KilduffM,KrackhardtD. Bringing the individual back in:a structural analysis of the internalmarket for reputetion in organizations[J].Academy of Management Journal 1994,37(1):87-108.
[142]Tsai, W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[143]李怀斌.经济组织的社会嵌入与社会形塑—企业社会嵌入及其对企业范式形成的自组织机制[J].中国工业经济,2008(7)：16-25.
[144]许登峰.基于社会网络的集群企业创新机制研究[D].天津：天津大学,2010.
[145]林南著.张磊译.社会资本：关于社会结构与行动的理论[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2005.
[146]Dyer JH,Nobeoka K.Creating and Managing A High-performance Know ledge-sharing Network:TheToyota Case[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):345-367.
[147]王宇露,李元旭.海外子公司东道国网络结构与网络学习效果—网络学习方式是调节变量吗[J].南开管理评论,2009,42(3)：143-145.
[148]高展军,李垣.战略网络结构对企业技术创新的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2006,24(3)：474-479.
[149]潘松挺,蔡宁.网络关系强度与组织学习：环境动态性的调节作用[J].科学决策,2010,16(4).35-38.
[150]Krackhardt,D."The strength of strong ties:The importance of philos in organizations,"in N.Nohria and R.G.Eccles(Eds.),Networks and organizations:Structure,form,and action[D].Boston,MA:Harvard Business School Press,1992.
[151]Hansen M.The Search-Transfer Problem:The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organization Subunits[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1998,44(5):82-111.
[152]Matusik SF,Hill CL.The utilization of contingent work, knowledge creation, and competitive advantage [J].The Academy of Management Journal,1998,34(3):217-221.
[153]王晓辉；胡正明.企业隐性知识及其转移研究[J].山东社会科学,2010(4)：34-39.
[154]DHANARAJ.Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in IJVs:the role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance [J]. Journal of International Business Studies,2004,35(7):428-442.
[155]郭劲光.网络嵌入：嵌入差异与嵌入绩效[J].经济评论,2006,36(6)：16-19.
[156]Julia L. Lin et al. Network Embeddedness and Technology Transfer Performance in R&D Consortia in Taiwan[J].Technovation,2009,29(5):46-51.
[157]Lavie,D.Alliance portfolios and firm performance:A study of value creation and appropriation in the U.S. software industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(2):1187-1212.
[158]蔡宁,潘松挺.网络关系强度与企业技术创新模式的耦合性及其协同演化—以海正药业技术创新网络为例[J].中国工业经济,2008(4)：137-144.
[159]Bengtsson, M.&Solvell, Climate of competition, clusters and innovative performance [J]. Scandinavian Journal of management,2004,20(3):225-244.
[160]王三义,刘新梅,万威武.社会资本结构维度对企业间知识转移影响的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(4)：105-107.
[161]Medda,G.,C. Piga,and D.Siegel. Assessing the returns to collaborative research: Firm-level evidence from italy[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology.2006,15(1):37-50.
[162]Eisenhardt,K:M., Schoonhoven, C.B., Resource-based View of Strategic Alliance Formation:strategiand Social Effects in Entrepreneurial Firms[J].Organization Science.1996,17(2):136-150.
[163]Wim Vanhaverbeke, Victor Gilsing, Bonnie Beerkens andGeert Duysters, The Role of Alliance Network Redundancy in the Creation of Core and Non-core Technologies, Journal of Management Studies[J].2009,57(3):217-219.
[164]Granovetter M S. The strength ofweak ties:a network theory revisited[A]. Marsden P V, Lin N. Social Structure and Network Analysis[C].Beverly Hills,CA:Sage.1982.
[165]张钢,张东芳.供应商网络中的信任分析—以浙江省汽车零配件企业为例[J].管理科学学报,2008,46(1)：133-142.
[166]Hotz-Hart B.Innovation networks, regions and globalization [A].Clark G L, Feldman M P, Gertler M S.The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography [C].Oxford:OUP.2000:19-23.
[167]Barber,B-,The Logic and Limits of Trust,NewBrunswick[D].,NJ:Rutgers University Press.1983.
[168]Senge P.Sharing knowledge[J].Executive Excellence,1997,14(11):17-28.
[169]Holste J S.A Study of the Effects of Affect-based Trust and Cognition-based Trust on Intraorganizational Knowledge Sharing and Use[D]:Regent University,2003.
[170]Connelly C E,Kelloway K E.Predictors of employees perception of knowledge sharing cultures[J].Leadership and Organization Development Journal,2003,24(5):294-301.
[171]Borrill W.M.A.,Dawson C.S.,Brodbeck J.F.,Shapiro F.C.,Haward B.D.A..Leadership Clarity and Team Innovation in Health Care [J].Leadership Quarterly,2003,14(2):393-410.
[172]Dooley R.S.,Fryxell G.E.. Attaining Decision Quality and Commitment from Dissent:The Moderating Effects of Loyalty and Competence in Strategic Decision Making Teams [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(4):389-402.
[173]Renzl B.Trust in Management and Knowledge Sharing:The Mediating Effects of Fear and Knowledge Documentation[J].Omega,2008,36(2):206-220.
[174]Davenport T H, Prusak L.Working knowledge:How organizations manage what they know[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[175]杨钊,陈士俊.知识型团队知识共享影响机制研究—以信任和知识距离对团队知识共享的影响机制为基础[J].成都：西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2008,9(6)：11-15.
[176]方世荣,杨伟智,文琼.新产品开发绩效之研究管理观点[J].科技管理学刊(中国台湾),2004,9(1)：43-55.
[177]龙勇,李忠云,张宗益.技能型战略联盟基于信任的知识获取和合作效应实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2006(5)：84-89.
[178]曹科岩,龙君伟,杨玉浩.组织信任、知识分享与组织绩效关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(5)：93-101.
[179]宋华,王岚.企业间学习与信任互补作用于创新绩效吗?-基于企业间合作行为的视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,30(4)：159-161.
[180]Nonaka I,Takeuchi H.The Knowledge-Creating Company:How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995.
[181]Senge PM. Leading Learning Organizations [J].Training&Development,1996,50(2):36-37.
[182]GRANT R M.Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments:Organizational capability as knowledge integration [J]. Organization Science,1996,7 (4):375-387.
[183]李纲.合作创新组织间关系嵌入与知识共享的关系研究[J].科技进步与对 策,2010,27(1)：130-133.
[184]Hogan R,Curphy G, Hogan J.What we know about leadership:Effectiveness and personality[J].American Psychologist,1994,49(3):493-504.
[185]Aken E,Van J,Weggeman PM.Managing learning in informal innovation networks: Overcoming the Daphne dilemma[J].R&D Management,2000,30(2):139-149.
[186]Anderson J C,Narus J A. A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships[J] Journal of Marketing,1990,54(4):42-58.
[187]Kim W C,Mauborgne R A.Fair Process:Managing in the Knowledge Economy[J]. Harvard Business Review,1997,75(4):65-75.
[188]Hansen M T.Knowledge networks:Explaining effective knowledge sharing inmultiunit companies[J].Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
[189]SZULANSKI, G.Exploring internal stickiness:impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(1):27-43.
[190]DozY,HamelG.Alliance Advantage:The Art of Creating Value Through Partnering[M].Boston,MA:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[191]ZaheerA,VenkatramanN.Relational Governance as an Interorganizational Strategy:An Empirical Test of the Role of Trust in Economic Exchange[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16(5):373-392.
[192]Poppo L,ZengerT.Do Formal Contracts and Relational Governance Function as Substitutes or Complements?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(3):707-725.
[193]KaleH,Singh,PerlmutterH.Learning and Protection of Proprictary Assets in Strategic Alliance:Building Relational Capital [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(5):217-237.
[194]Kramer R M.Trust and distrust in organizations:emerging perspectives, enduring questions [J].Annual Review of Psychology,1999,50(1):569-598.
[195]Mayer R C,Davis J H,Schoorman F D.An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust[J]. Academy of Management Review,1995,20(4):709-734.
[196]McEvily B,Perrone V,Zaheer A.Trust as an Organizing Principle[J].Organization Science,2003,14(1):91-103.
[197]Andrews K M,Delahay B L.Influences on Knowledge Processes in Organizational Learning:The Psychosocial Filter[J].Journal of Management Studies,2000,37(4):797-810.
[198]李宁,严进.组织信任氛围对任务绩效的作用途径[J].心理学报,2007,39(6)：1111-1121.
[199]Chiu C M,Hsu M H,Wang E T G.Understanding Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities:an Integration of Social Capital and Social Cognitive Theories[J]. Decision Support Systems,2006,42(3):1 872-1888.
[200]Hislop D.Linking Human Resource Management and Knowledge Management via Commitment:A Review and Research Agenda[J].Employee Relations,2003,25(2):182-202
[201]Teng B S.Corporate entrepreneurship activities through strategic alliances:a resource-based approach toward competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2007,44(1):119-140.
[202]Li J J, Poppo L, Zhou K Z. Relational mechanisms,formal contracts, and local knowledge acquisition by international subsisiaries[J].Strategic Management Journal,2009,45(5):43-49.
[203]庄贵军,周南,苏晨汀,杨志林.社会资本与关系导向对于营销渠道中企业之间沟通方式与策略的影响[J].系统工程理论与实践,,2008(3)：1-15.
[204]Simonin,B.L. Transfer of marketing know-how in international strategic alliances: An empirical investigation of the role and antecedents of knowledge ambiguity [J]. Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(3):463-490.
[205]Wiklund Johan and Shepherd Dean, Knowledge-Based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation,and the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24 (13):1307-1314.
[206]Anderson J C,JamesA, NarusA. Model of distribution firm and distributor manufacturer relationship [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2001,30(2):287-300.
[207]Dong,G. K. Determinants of knowledge transfer inenterprise resource planning implementation[D]. Working Paper, University of Pittsburgh.,2002.
[208]关涛.跨国公司内部知识转移影响因素研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2005.
[209]邹艳,杨乃定,韦铁,王晓新.组织学习对企业合作创新知识转移的影响研究—协调机制的中介作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,37(2)：96-100.
[210]McEvily B,Marcus A.Embedded ties and the acquisition of competitive Capabilities[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(11):1033-1055.
[211]Li J J,Poppo L,Zhou K Z.Domanagerial ties in China always produce value? competition,uncertainty,and domesticvs.foreign firms [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(4):383-400.
[212]谢卓君.供应链信任对其绩效影响的实证研究[D].广州：华南理工大学,2007.
[213]McAllister D J.Affect and cognition based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations[J].Academy of Management Journal,1995,38 (3):24-59.
[214]陈晶,陈丽娜,张建新.上下级工作冲突处理方式量表研究[J].心理科学,2006,29(4)：926-928.
[215]J.Hall,Conflict Management Survey:A Survey on One's Characteristic Reactions to and Handling of Conflicts between Himself and Others[M].Conroe,TX:Telemetrics,1969.
[216]K.W.Thomas&R.H.Kilmann,Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument[M].Tuxedo: Xicom,1974.
[217]D.F.Womack,"Assessing the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Survey"[J].Management Communication Quarterly,1988,28(3):321-349.
[218]L. L.Putnam& C. Wilson,"Communicative Strategies in Organizational Conflict: Reliability and Validity of a Measurement Scale,"in M.Burgoon(eds.),Communication Year book[M].Newbury Park, CA:SagePublications,1982.
[219]R. R.Blake&J.S.Mouton,The Managerial Grid,Houston[M].Gulf Publishing Co.,1964.
[220]R.G. Ross & S. DeWine,"Assessing the Ross-DeWine Conflict Management Message Style (CMMS)"[J].Management Communication Quarterly,1988,17 (3):389-413.
[221]M. A. Rahim,"A Measure of Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict"[J]. The Academy of Management Journal,1983,26 (2):368-376.
[222]D.Weider-Hatfield,"Assessing the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-Ⅱ (ROCI-Ⅱ)"[J].Management Communication Quarterly,1988,32(3):350-354.
[223]宝贡敏,赵卓嘉.冲突处理模式的维度划分与测量[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版,2008,35(4)：136-145.
[224]马庆国.管理统计：数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究[A].科学出版社,2002.
[225]温忠麟,侯杰泰,马什赫伯特.结构方程模型检验：拟合指数与卡方准则[J].心理学报,2004,36(2)：186-194.
[226]彭新敏.企业网络对技术创新绩效的作用机制研究：利用性—探索性学习的中介效应[D].宁波：浙江大学,2009.
[227]王莉,杨蕙馨.动态环境下的企业网络与组织学习关系模型构建[J].山东社会科学,2008,35(5)：65-71.
[228]窦红宾,王正斌.网络结构对企业成长绩效的影响研究—利用性学习、探索性学习的中介作用[J].南开管理评论,2011(3)：52-58.
[229]Gulati Ranjay,NohriaNitin. Strategic networks [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21 (3):199-201.
[230]Marsden P V.Network data and measurement[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1990,16(2):435-463.
[231]Reagans R,McEvily B.Network structure and knowledge transfer:the effects of cohesion and range[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48(5):240-267.
[232]Levin D Z, Cross R.The strength of weak ties you can trust:the mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer[J].Management Science,2004,50(11):1477-1490.
[233]Zahra S A, Ireland R D, HittM A. International expansion by new venture firms international diversity,mode of market entry,techno logical learning and performance [J]. Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[234]Bhuian S N,BulentM, Bell S J.Just entrepreneurial enough? the moderating effect of entrepreneurship on the relationship between market or ientation and performance [J]. Journal of Business Research,2005,58(1):9-17.
[235]StamW, Elfring T. Entrepreneurial or ientation and new venture performance:the moderating role of intra and extraindustry social capital [J].Academy of Management Journal,2008,51(1):97-11.
[236]Sharma D D, Blomstermo A. The internationalization process of born globals:a network view[J].International Business Review,2003,12(6):739-753.
[237]周密,赵西萍,司训练.团队成员网络中心性、网络信任对知识转移成效的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(9)：1385-1392.
[238]窦红宾,王正斌.产业集群内社会网络对知识资源获取的影响研究[J].中国科技论坛,2011(5)：43-49.
[239]Inkpen A C, Pien W. An Examination of Collaboration and Knowledge Transfer:China-Singapo re Suzhou Industrial Park[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2006,43(4):779-811.
[240]LiY,Liu Y, LiM F, et a.l Transformational Pf shore Outsourcing:Empirical Evidence From Alliances in China[J].Journal of Operations Management,2006,26(2):257-274.
[241]WilsonD T. An Integrated Model of Buyer-seller Relationships[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1995,23(4):335-345.
[242]Inkpen A C. Knowledge transfer and international joint ventures:the case of NUMM I and General Motors[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(4):447-453.
[243]Ritter, T. A Framework for Analyzing Interconnectedness of Relationships[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2000,29(6):27-32.
[244]Mcevily B,ZaheerA. Bridging ties:a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities[J].Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(12):1133-1156.
[245]郑准,王国顺.外部网络结构、知识获取与企业国际化绩效：基于广州制造企业的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(8)：1206-1212.
[246]陈巍,尹苗苗,蔡莉.新创企业社会网络对知识获取影响的内在机理研究[J].情报科学,2010,28(4)：616-619.
[247]DroegeS, HooblerJ.Employee Turn over and TacitKnowledge Diffusion:Networks, Multiple Phases[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(5):776-793.
[248]张旭,张嵩.隐性知识转移中的社会网络因素研究综述[J].情报杂志,2009,28(12)：42-27.
[249]Simonin B L. Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(l):595-623.
[250]Gulati R. Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Repeated Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliances[J].Academy of Management Journal,1994,38 (1):85-112.
[251]INKPEN A C,CURRALL S C.Co-evolution of trust,control and learning in Joint Ventures[J].Organization Science,2004,15(5):586-699.
[2]Hagedoom J.Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993,14(3):371-385.
[3]Powell,W. W.,Koput, K. W.,& Smith-Doerr, L..Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation:Networks of learning in biotechnology [J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1996,41(2):116-145.
[4]Nahapiet J,Ghoshal S.Social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage [J]. Academy of Management Review,1998,23(2):242-266.
[5]Borgatti S P. A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks[J].Management Science,2003,49(4):432-445.
[6]Zaheer A.Bell G G.Benefiting from Network Position:Firm Capabilities.Structural Holes,and Performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(9):809-825.
[7]Andrew V. Shipilovinsead, FranceStan Xiao Li York University,Canada Can You Have Your Cake and Eat It Too? Structural Holes'Influence on Status Accumulation and Market Performance in Collaborative Networks[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 2008,53(5):73-108.
[8]吴晓波,刘雪峰,胡松翠.全球制造网络中本地企业知识获取实证研究[J].科学学研究,2007,24(3)：67-71.
[9]Bergman E.M.,Maier G.and Todtling F.(eds).Regions Reconsidered:Economic Networks, Innovation, and Local Development in Industrialized Countries[M].New York:Mansell,1991.
[10]Rosenfeld, S.A.Bringing business clusters into the mainstream of economic development [J]. European Planning Studies,1997,36(5):3-23.
[11]Schmitz,H.Global Competition and Loeal Cooperarion:Sueeess and Failure in the Sinos Valley, Brazil [J]. World Development,1999,27(4):1627-1650.
[12]Porter, M.E.Clusters and the New Economics of Competition[J].Harvard Business Review,1998, 11(6):77-90.
[13]Gordon, L.R.&Mc Cann, P.Industrial Clusters:Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks?[J].Urban Studies,2000,37(3):513-532.
[14]Morosini, P.Industrial clusters, knowledge integration and performance[J].World Development,2004,32(2):305-326.
[15]St.John, A.H.&Pouder, R.Technology clusters versus industry clusters:resources networks, and regional advantages [J]. Growth and Change,2006,37(2):141-171.
[16]仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1999.
[17]徐康宁.开放经济条件下的产业集群及其竞争力[J].中国工业经济,2001(11)：12-18.
[18]符正平.论企业集群的产生条件和形成机制[J].中国工业经济,2002(10)：58-64.
[19]沈玉芳,张超.加入WTO后我国地区产业调控机制和模式的转型研究[J].2002,11(1)：15-23.
[20]魏江,叶波.产业集群技术能力增长机理研究[J].科学管理研究,2003(1)：52-56.
[21]王凤彬,李奇会.组织背景下的嵌入性研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2007(03)：28-33.
[22]Nadel, S.F., Theory of Social Structure[M].London:Cohen&West Ltd.,1957.
[23]林润辉,李维安.网络组织—更具环境适应能力的新型组织模式[J].南开管理评论,2000(3)：4-7.
[24]朱国宏.经济社会学[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2003.
[25]Larson, A.Partner Networks:Leveraging External Ties to Improve Entrepreneurial Performance[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1991,47 (6):173-188.
[26]Veronique Schutjens, Erik Stam. The Evolution and Nature of Young Firm Networks:A Longitudinal Perspective [J]. Small Business Economics,2003,21 (2):115-118.
[27]陈学光,徐金发.基于企业网络能力的创新网络研究[J].技术经济,2007,26(3)：42-44.
[28]Beamon Benita M,Measuring Supply Chain performance [J]. International Journal of Operations and Production Management,1999,19(3),275-292.
[29]Birnbirg Jacob G,Control in Interfirm Cooperative Relationships[J].Journal of Management Studies,1998,35(7):4-8.
[30]Powell W. Neither market nor hierarchy:network forms of organization[J].Organizational Behavior,1990,12(3):295-336.
[31]卢少华.虚拟企业的协调机制与效益优化问题研究[D].南京：东南大学,2004.
[32]陈剑,冯尉东.虚拟企业构建与管理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[33]赵艳萍.虚拟企业协调机制研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2007.
[34]李宁.企业集群内部协调机制研究[D].济南：山东大学,2006.
[35]Eberhart R., Shi Yuhui.Particle Swarm Optimization:Developments, applications and resources[A].Proc IE Int Conf on Evolutionary computation[C].Seoul,2001.
[36]张青山,游明忠.企业动态联盟的协调机制[J].中国管理科学,2003(4)：96-100.
[37]GHOSHAL, S, H.KORINE, G. SZULANSKI.Interunit communication in multinational corporations[J].Management Sci,1994,40(6):96-110.
[38]赵阳,刘益,张磊楠.市场导向、协调机制与知识获取的影响作用研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(3)：110-111.
[39]刘静卜,李朝明.企业协同知识创新的利益协调机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(8)：65-69.
[40]Nelson,R. R.,Winter,S. G. An evolutionary theory of economic change [M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1982.
[41]Wen Bao Lin.Factors affecting the correlation between interactive mechanism of strategic alliance and technological knowledge transfer performance[J] Journal of high technology Management Research,2007,47(6):139-155.
[42]Grant,R.M.Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(5):109-122.
[43]宝贡敏,徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,13(2)：43-49.
[44]Polanyi, M. The tacit dimension[M]. New York:Doubleday&Co.,1966.
[45]李晶钰,沈灏.不同竞合情景下企业知识获取和绩效关系的研究[J].科研管理,2009,30(5)：139-147.
[46]Turner, K. L., Makhija,M. V. the role of organizational controls in managing knowledge[J].The Academy of Management Review,2006,31(1):198-217.
[47]Loury, G.The economics of discrimination:Getting to the core of the problem [J].Harvard Journal for Airican American Public Policy,1992,38(1):91-110.
[48]Yli-RenkoH,Autio E,SapienzaH. Social capital knowledge acquisition and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(7):587-613.
[49]Tsang EW K. Acquiring knowledge by foreign partners from international jointventures in a transitionaleconomy:learning-by-doing and learningmyopia[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(9):835-854.
[50]Lumpkin G T,Dess G G. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance [J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(1):135-172.
[51]姚小涛,席酉民.企业联盟中的知识获取机制：基于高层管理人员个人社会关系资源的理论分析框架[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,29(6)：98-102.
[52]卢兵,廖貅武,岳亮.联盟中知识转移效率的分析[J].系统工程,2006,24(6)：46-51.
[53]LylesM A, Salk J E. Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international jointventures:An empirical examination in the Hungarian context[J] Journal of International Business Studies,2007,38(1):3-18.
[54]Simonin B L. The importance of collaborative know-how:an empirical test of the learning organisation[J].Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(5):1150-1174.
[55]LYLES M A, SALK J E. Knowledge Acquisition from Foreign Parents in International Joint Ventures:an Empirical Examination in the Hungarian Context[J] Journal of International Business Studies,1996,27 (5):877-903.
[56]江旭,高山行,廖貅武.外部知识获取、新产品开发与企业绩效关系的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2008,20(5)：72-77.
[57]Freeman L C. Centrality in networks:I. conceptual clarification[J]. Social Networks,1979,25(1):215-239.
[58]Granovetter,M.,The Strength of Weak Ties[J].The American Journal of Sociology,1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[59]Granovetter,M.,Network Sampling:Some First Steps[J].The American Journal of Sociology,1976,81(6):1287-1303.
[60]Paul R.Krugman.Geography and Trade[M].Cambridge,MA:The MIT Press,1991.
[61]Paul R.Krugman.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography [J].The Joumalof Political Economy,J.991,99(3):58-64.
[62]Mark S.Granovetter. Economic Action and Social Structure:The Problem of Embeddedness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[63]Lars-Gunnar Mattsson Jan Johanson.Interorganizational Relations in Industrial Systems:A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction Cost Approach[J].International Studies of Management Organization,1987,17(1):12-19.
[64]王缉慈.创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2001.
[65]盖文启.论区域经济发展与区域创新环境[J].学术研究,2002(1)：12-16.
[66]魏江.小企业集群创新网络的知识溢出效应分析[J].科研管理,2003,24(4)：54-60.
[67]孙艳萍,胡开顺.基于区域集聚多动态联盟体系的产业集群模式[J].经济体制改革,2003(2)：49-51.
[68]林竞君.嵌入性、社会网络与产业集群—一个新经济社会学的视角[J].经济经纬,2004(5)：45-48.
[69]朱海就,陆立军,袁安府.从企业网络看产业集群竞争力差异的原因—浙江和意大利产业集群的比较[J].软科学,2004,18(1)：22-25.
[70]邢敏,李博,闫存岩,企业社会资本及其对企业绩效的影响[J].兰州学刊,2008(1)：69-71.
[71]Gulat,I Ranay.Alliances and networks[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1998, 19(4):293-317.
[72]Dyer,JeffreyH.;Singh,Harbir. The Relational View:Coooperative Strategy and Sou rces of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998,23(4):660-679.
[73]Gnyawal,i Devi R.;Madhavan, Ravindranath. Cooperative Networks and Competitive Dynamics:A Structural Embeddedness Perspective[J].Academy of Management Rev iew,2001,26(3):431-445.
[74]Lavie,D.Network Resources:Toward a New Social Network Perspective [J]. Academy of Management Review,2008,33(2):546-568.
[75]Gulati,R.Network location and learning:the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation[J].Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(3):397-420.
[76]Lavie,D.The interconnected firm:evolution,strategy,and Performance[D].A dissertation in strategic management of University of Pennsylvania,2004.
[77]Tsa,I Wenp in;Ghosha,l Sumantra. Social capital and value creation:The role of intrafirm networks [J]. Academy of Management Journa,1998,41(4):464-476.
[78]Blyler,Maureen; Cof,f RussellW..Dynamic capabilities,social capital, and rent appropriation:ties that splitpies[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(7):677-686.
[79]Gulat,i Ranjay. Network location and learning:The influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation[J].StrategicManagement Journa,1999,20(5):397-420.
[80]Ibarra H.Network,centrality,power,and innovation involvement:determinants of technical and administrative roles[J].Academy of Management Journal,1993,36(5):471-501.
[81]王钦.是涅磐,还是灭亡—中国企业管理发展趋势前瞻[J].企业管理,2005(1)：25-27.
[82]BurtR S. Structural Holes[M].Boston:Harvard University Press,1992.
[83]Uzzi B.The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations:the network effect[J].American Sociological Review,1996,61(4):674-698.
[84]GulatiR, Nohria N, ZaheerA.Strategic networks[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000(21):203-215.
[85]方刚.基于资源观的企业网络能力与创新绩效关系研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2008.
[86]Inkpen, A. C, Tsang, E. W. K. Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer. Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
[87]Johnson.Seting the Srage for Trust and Strategic Integration in Japanese-U.S. Cooperative Alliances[J].Journal of International Business Studies.1996,27(5):981-100.
[88]Malone T W,Crowston K.What is coordination theory and how can it help design cooperative work systems?[A].Proc.CSCW'90[C].New York:ACM,1990.
[89]Crowston K,Osborn C S.A coordination theory approach to process description and redesign[R].Technical report number 204.Cambridge,MA:MIT,Centre for Coordination Science,1998.
[90]Mintzberg H.The structuring of organizations[M].Englewood Cliffs,N J:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1979.
[91]March J G,Simon H A.Organizations[M].New York:Jones Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1958.
[92]Thompson J.Organizations in action[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1967.
[93]程新章.组织理论关于协调问题的研究[J].科技管理研究,2006(10)：231-235.
[94]杨蕙馨,李宁.基于内部协调机制的新产业区理论评述[J].学术研究,2006(2)：52-55.
[95]张青山,游明忠.企业动态联盟的协调机制[J].中国管理科学,2003(2)：57-63.
[96]Emile Durkheim.The Division of Labor in Society[M]New York:Free Press,1933.
[97]马克斯·维贝尔.世界经济通史[M].姚曾廙,译.上海：上海译文出版社,1981.
[98]安东尼·吉登斯.现代性的后果[M].田禾,译.南京：译林出版社,2000.
[99]Garfinke.Studies in Ethno Methodology[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1984.
[100]UZZI B.Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:the paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(8):35-67.
[101]Mari Sako.Prices,Quality and Trust:Inter-Firm Relations in Britain and Japan[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[102]A.Parkhe.Building Trust in International Alliances[J]. Journal of World Business,1998,33(4):417-437.
[103]Akbar Zaheer,Bill Mcevily,Vincenzo Perrone.Does Trust Matter?Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust on Performance [J]. Organization Science,1998,9(2):141-159.
[104]高静美,郭劲光.企业网络中的信任机制及信任差异分析[J].南开管理评论,2004(7)：63-68.
[105]Hoffmann, S.,Hoffmann, W. H.,et al. Success factors of strategic alliances in small and medium - sized enterprises:An empirical survey[J]. Long Range Planning, 2001,34(3):357-362.
[106]Chang,C. Y. Study on the influences of knowledge characteristics and alliance types on the efficiency of knowledge transfer[D]. Working Paper, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, National Chengkung University,2001.
[107]Robert M.Morgan, Shelby D.Hunt, The comrnitment-trust theory of relationship marketing[J], Journal of Marketing,1994,(58)7,P:20-38.
[108]Gambetta,D. Can we trust trust[A]?In D.Gambetta, Trust:Making and Breaking Cooperative Relation[C], Oxford:Blackwell,1988.
[109]Miles, R.E.&Snow, C.C., Causes of failure in network organizations [J], California Management Review,1992,34(4):53-72.
[110]李敏.论企业社会资本的有机构成及功能[J].中国工业经济,2005(8)：81-88.
[111]ZUCKER L G.Production of trust:Institutional source of economic structure[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,1986(8):53-111.
[112]林英晖.供应链企业间信任研究：价值、评判与建立[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2007.
[113]HANDFIELD R B, BECHTEL C.The role of trust and relationship structure in improving supply chain responsiveness[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2002,31 (5):367-382.
[114]潘镇,李晏墅.联盟中的信任—一项中国背景下的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(4)：44-54.
[115]Thomas,K.W.Conflict and Conflict Management,in M.D.Dunnette(ed.),Handbook in Industrialand Organizational Psychology[M],Palo Alto:Consulting Psychologists Press,1976.
[116]Rahim,M.A.A Measure of Handling Interpersonal Conflict[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1983,42(8):168-176.
[117]Pondy,L..Organizational conflict[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly.1967,38(3):92-98.
[118]Propris L.Types of Innovation and Inter-Firm Cooperation[J].Entrepreneurship&Regional Development,2002,14(2):337-353.
[119]Hillman, A.J.and Hitt, M.A.ICoorporate political Strategy Formulation:A Model of Approach, Participation and Strategy Decisions[J].Academy of Management Review,1999, 24(7):825-842.
[120]Pak,Y. S.,Park, Y. R. A framework of knowledge transfer in cross-border joint ventures:An empirical test of the Korean context[J]. Management International Review,2004,44(4):417-434.
[121]Austen-Smith, D., J.S.Banks, and A.Rustichini, "Introduction to Political Science"[J]. Journal of Economic Theory,2002, (103)03:1-10.
[122]钱亚东,郑国君,战洪飞.网络化协同设计过程管理方法和工具[J].科研管理,2004,25(1)：90-95.
[123]Kogut, B.,Zander,U. Knowledge of the firm combinative capabilities and the replication of technology [J]. Organization Science,1992,3(3):383-397.
[124]Hackbarth,G. The impact of organizational memory on IT systems[J].Proceedings of the Americas Conference of AIS,1998,73(8):588-590.
[125]徐金发,许强,顾惊雷.企业知识转移的情境分析模型[J].科研管理,2003(2)：15-23.
[126]Hedlund G.A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,53(2):187-192.
[127]王国弘,陈士俊.企业隐性知识的分类与外化模式研究[J].科学管理研究,2008(3)：26-32.
[128]Nonaka,I.,Byosiere, P., Borucki, C.,et al. Organizational knowledge creation theory:A first comprehensive test[J]. International Business Review,1994,3(4):337-351.
[129]南旭光.知识获取性视角下隐性知识的转化和流动[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2010(3)：107-112.
[130]Spender,J. C. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17 (8):45-62.
[131]Castillo, J. A note on the concept of tacit knowledge[J]. Journal of Management Inquiry,2002,11(1):46-57.
[132]CohenW M, LevinthalD A.Absorptive capacity:a new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152.
[133]Y li-RenkoH,Autio E,Sapienza H J.Social capita,knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(6/7):587-613.
[134]Reagans R, Zuckerman E, McEvily B.How to make the team?Social networks vs.demography as criteria for designing effective projects [R].Working paper, Columbia University Graduate School of Business,2003:89-91.
[135]Barney,J.B., Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage[M].Prentice Hall,1991.
[136]Koka, B.R.&Prescott, J.E..Strategic Alliances as Social Capital:A Multidimensional View[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(03):795-816.
[137]Ahuja, G. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation:A longitudinal study[J].Admin.Sci.Quart.2000,45(6):425-455.
[138]Owen-Smith, J.and Powell, W. W..Knowledge networks as channels and conducts:the effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community[J]. Organization Science,2004,36(5):5-21.
[139]Nooteboom.Mom, T. J. M.,Van Den Bosch, F.A.J.and Volberda, H.W.'Investigating managers'exploration and exploitation activities:the influence of top-down, bottom-up and horizontal knowledge inflows'[J].Journal of Management Studies,2007,44(2):910-921.
[140]Tsai Echols, A., and W.Tsai.. Niche and performance:The moderating role of network embeddedness[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005,29(3):219-38.
[141]KilduffM,KrackhardtD. Bringing the individual back in:a structural analysis of the internalmarket for reputetion in organizations[J].Academy of Management Journal 1994,37(1):87-108.
[142]Tsai, W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[143]李怀斌.经济组织的社会嵌入与社会形塑—企业社会嵌入及其对企业范式形成的自组织机制[J].中国工业经济,2008(7)：16-25.
[144]许登峰.基于社会网络的集群企业创新机制研究[D].天津：天津大学,2010.
[145]林南著.张磊译.社会资本：关于社会结构与行动的理论[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2005.
[146]Dyer JH,Nobeoka K.Creating and Managing A High-performance Know ledge-sharing Network:TheToyota Case[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):345-367.
[147]王宇露,李元旭.海外子公司东道国网络结构与网络学习效果—网络学习方式是调节变量吗[J].南开管理评论,2009,42(3)：143-145.
[148]高展军,李垣.战略网络结构对企业技术创新的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2006,24(3)：474-479.
[149]潘松挺,蔡宁.网络关系强度与组织学习：环境动态性的调节作用[J].科学决策,2010,16(4).35-38.
[150]Krackhardt,D."The strength of strong ties:The importance of philos in organizations,"in N.Nohria and R.G.Eccles(Eds.),Networks and organizations:Structure,form,and action[D].Boston,MA:Harvard Business School Press,1992.
[151]Hansen M.The Search-Transfer Problem:The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organization Subunits[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1998,44(5):82-111.
[152]Matusik SF,Hill CL.The utilization of contingent work, knowledge creation, and competitive advantage [J].The Academy of Management Journal,1998,34(3):217-221.
[153]王晓辉；胡正明.企业隐性知识及其转移研究[J].山东社会科学,2010(4)：34-39.
[154]DHANARAJ.Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in IJVs:the role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance [J]. Journal of International Business Studies,2004,35(7):428-442.
[155]郭劲光.网络嵌入：嵌入差异与嵌入绩效[J].经济评论,2006,36(6)：16-19.
[156]Julia L. Lin et al. Network Embeddedness and Technology Transfer Performance in R&D Consortia in Taiwan[J].Technovation,2009,29(5):46-51.
[157]Lavie,D.Alliance portfolios and firm performance:A study of value creation and appropriation in the U.S. software industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(2):1187-1212.
[158]蔡宁,潘松挺.网络关系强度与企业技术创新模式的耦合性及其协同演化—以海正药业技术创新网络为例[J].中国工业经济,2008(4)：137-144.
[159]Bengtsson, M.&Solvell, Climate of competition, clusters and innovative performance [J]. Scandinavian Journal of management,2004,20(3):225-244.
[160]王三义,刘新梅,万威武.社会资本结构维度对企业间知识转移影响的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(4)：105-107.
[161]Medda,G.,C. Piga,and D.Siegel. Assessing the returns to collaborative research: Firm-level evidence from italy[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology.2006,15(1):37-50.
[162]Eisenhardt,K:M., Schoonhoven, C.B., Resource-based View of Strategic Alliance Formation:strategiand Social Effects in Entrepreneurial Firms[J].Organization Science.1996,17(2):136-150.
[163]Wim Vanhaverbeke, Victor Gilsing, Bonnie Beerkens andGeert Duysters, The Role of Alliance Network Redundancy in the Creation of Core and Non-core Technologies, Journal of Management Studies[J].2009,57(3):217-219.
[164]Granovetter M S. The strength ofweak ties:a network theory revisited[A]. Marsden P V, Lin N. Social Structure and Network Analysis[C].Beverly Hills,CA:Sage.1982.
[165]张钢,张东芳.供应商网络中的信任分析—以浙江省汽车零配件企业为例[J].管理科学学报,2008,46(1)：133-142.
[166]Hotz-Hart B.Innovation networks, regions and globalization [A].Clark G L, Feldman M P, Gertler M S.The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography [C].Oxford:OUP.2000:19-23.
[167]Barber,B-,The Logic and Limits of Trust,NewBrunswick[D].,NJ:Rutgers University Press.1983.
[168]Senge P.Sharing knowledge[J].Executive Excellence,1997,14(11):17-28.
[169]Holste J S.A Study of the Effects of Affect-based Trust and Cognition-based Trust on Intraorganizational Knowledge Sharing and Use[D]:Regent University,2003.
[170]Connelly C E,Kelloway K E.Predictors of employees perception of knowledge sharing cultures[J].Leadership and Organization Development Journal,2003,24(5):294-301.
[171]Borrill W.M.A.,Dawson C.S.,Brodbeck J.F.,Shapiro F.C.,Haward B.D.A..Leadership Clarity and Team Innovation in Health Care [J].Leadership Quarterly,2003,14(2):393-410.
[172]Dooley R.S.,Fryxell G.E.. Attaining Decision Quality and Commitment from Dissent:The Moderating Effects of Loyalty and Competence in Strategic Decision Making Teams [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(4):389-402.
[173]Renzl B.Trust in Management and Knowledge Sharing:The Mediating Effects of Fear and Knowledge Documentation[J].Omega,2008,36(2):206-220.
[174]Davenport T H, Prusak L.Working knowledge:How organizations manage what they know[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[175]杨钊,陈士俊.知识型团队知识共享影响机制研究—以信任和知识距离对团队知识共享的影响机制为基础[J].成都：西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2008,9(6)：11-15.
[176]方世荣,杨伟智,文琼.新产品开发绩效之研究管理观点[J].科技管理学刊(中国台湾),2004,9(1)：43-55.
[177]龙勇,李忠云,张宗益.技能型战略联盟基于信任的知识获取和合作效应实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2006(5)：84-89.
[178]曹科岩,龙君伟,杨玉浩.组织信任、知识分享与组织绩效关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(5)：93-101.
[179]宋华,王岚.企业间学习与信任互补作用于创新绩效吗?-基于企业间合作行为的视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,30(4)：159-161.
[180]Nonaka I,Takeuchi H.The Knowledge-Creating Company:How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995.
[181]Senge PM. Leading Learning Organizations [J].Training&Development,1996,50(2):36-37.
[182]GRANT R M.Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments:Organizational capability as knowledge integration [J]. Organization Science,1996,7 (4):375-387.
[183]李纲.合作创新组织间关系嵌入与知识共享的关系研究[J].科技进步与对 策,2010,27(1)：130-133.
[184]Hogan R,Curphy G, Hogan J.What we know about leadership:Effectiveness and personality[J].American Psychologist,1994,49(3):493-504.
[185]Aken E,Van J,Weggeman PM.Managing learning in informal innovation networks: Overcoming the Daphne dilemma[J].R&D Management,2000,30(2):139-149.
[186]Anderson J C,Narus J A. A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships[J] Journal of Marketing,1990,54(4):42-58.
[187]Kim W C,Mauborgne R A.Fair Process:Managing in the Knowledge Economy[J]. Harvard Business Review,1997,75(4):65-75.
[188]Hansen M T.Knowledge networks:Explaining effective knowledge sharing inmultiunit companies[J].Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
[189]SZULANSKI, G.Exploring internal stickiness:impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(1):27-43.
[190]DozY,HamelG.Alliance Advantage:The Art of Creating Value Through Partnering[M].Boston,MA:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[191]ZaheerA,VenkatramanN.Relational Governance as an Interorganizational Strategy:An Empirical Test of the Role of Trust in Economic Exchange[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16(5):373-392.
[192]Poppo L,ZengerT.Do Formal Contracts and Relational Governance Function as Substitutes or Complements?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(3):707-725.
[193]KaleH,Singh,PerlmutterH.Learning and Protection of Proprictary Assets in Strategic Alliance:Building Relational Capital [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(5):217-237.
[194]Kramer R M.Trust and distrust in organizations:emerging perspectives, enduring questions [J].Annual Review of Psychology,1999,50(1):569-598.
[195]Mayer R C,Davis J H,Schoorman F D.An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust[J]. Academy of Management Review,1995,20(4):709-734.
[196]McEvily B,Perrone V,Zaheer A.Trust as an Organizing Principle[J].Organization Science,2003,14(1):91-103.
[197]Andrews K M,Delahay B L.Influences on Knowledge Processes in Organizational Learning:The Psychosocial Filter[J].Journal of Management Studies,2000,37(4):797-810.
[198]李宁,严进.组织信任氛围对任务绩效的作用途径[J].心理学报,2007,39(6)：1111-1121.
[199]Chiu C M,Hsu M H,Wang E T G.Understanding Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities:an Integration of Social Capital and Social Cognitive Theories[J]. Decision Support Systems,2006,42(3):1 872-1888.
[200]Hislop D.Linking Human Resource Management and Knowledge Management via Commitment:A Review and Research Agenda[J].Employee Relations,2003,25(2):182-202
[201]Teng B S.Corporate entrepreneurship activities through strategic alliances:a resource-based approach toward competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2007,44(1):119-140.
[202]Li J J, Poppo L, Zhou K Z. Relational mechanisms,formal contracts, and local knowledge acquisition by international subsisiaries[J].Strategic Management Journal,2009,45(5):43-49.
[203]庄贵军,周南,苏晨汀,杨志林.社会资本与关系导向对于营销渠道中企业之间沟通方式与策略的影响[J].系统工程理论与实践,,2008(3)：1-15.
[204]Simonin,B.L. Transfer of marketing know-how in international strategic alliances: An empirical investigation of the role and antecedents of knowledge ambiguity [J]. Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(3):463-490.
[205]Wiklund Johan and Shepherd Dean, Knowledge-Based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation,and the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24 (13):1307-1314.
[206]Anderson J C,JamesA, NarusA. Model of distribution firm and distributor manufacturer relationship [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2001,30(2):287-300.
[207]Dong,G. K. Determinants of knowledge transfer inenterprise resource planning implementation[D]. Working Paper, University of Pittsburgh.,2002.
[208]关涛.跨国公司内部知识转移影响因素研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2005.
[209]邹艳,杨乃定,韦铁,王晓新.组织学习对企业合作创新知识转移的影响研究—协调机制的中介作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,37(2)：96-100.
[210]McEvily B,Marcus A.Embedded ties and the acquisition of competitive Capabilities[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(11):1033-1055.
[211]Li J J,Poppo L,Zhou K Z.Domanagerial ties in China always produce value? competition,uncertainty,and domesticvs.foreign firms [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(4):383-400.
[212]谢卓君.供应链信任对其绩效影响的实证研究[D].广州：华南理工大学,2007.
[213]McAllister D J.Affect and cognition based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations[J].Academy of Management Journal,1995,38 (3):24-59.
[214]陈晶,陈丽娜,张建新.上下级工作冲突处理方式量表研究[J].心理科学,2006,29(4)：926-928.
[215]J.Hall,Conflict Management Survey:A Survey on One's Characteristic Reactions to and Handling of Conflicts between Himself and Others[M].Conroe,TX:Telemetrics,1969.
[216]K.W.Thomas&R.H.Kilmann,Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument[M].Tuxedo: Xicom,1974.
[217]D.F.Womack,"Assessing the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Survey"[J].Management Communication Quarterly,1988,28(3):321-349.
[218]L. L.Putnam& C. Wilson,"Communicative Strategies in Organizational Conflict: Reliability and Validity of a Measurement Scale,"in M.Burgoon(eds.),Communication Year book[M].Newbury Park, CA:SagePublications,1982.
[219]R. R.Blake&J.S.Mouton,The Managerial Grid,Houston[M].Gulf Publishing Co.,1964.
[220]R.G. Ross & S. DeWine,"Assessing the Ross-DeWine Conflict Management Message Style (CMMS)"[J].Management Communication Quarterly,1988,17 (3):389-413.
[221]M. A. Rahim,"A Measure of Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict"[J]. The Academy of Management Journal,1983,26 (2):368-376.
[222]D.Weider-Hatfield,"Assessing the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-Ⅱ (ROCI-Ⅱ)"[J].Management Communication Quarterly,1988,32(3):350-354.
[223]宝贡敏,赵卓嘉.冲突处理模式的维度划分与测量[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版,2008,35(4)：136-145.
[224]马庆国.管理统计：数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究[A].科学出版社,2002.
[225]温忠麟,侯杰泰,马什赫伯特.结构方程模型检验：拟合指数与卡方准则[J].心理学报,2004,36(2)：186-194.
[226]彭新敏.企业网络对技术创新绩效的作用机制研究：利用性—探索性学习的中介效应[D].宁波：浙江大学,2009.
[227]王莉,杨蕙馨.动态环境下的企业网络与组织学习关系模型构建[J].山东社会科学,2008,35(5)：65-71.
[228]窦红宾,王正斌.网络结构对企业成长绩效的影响研究—利用性学习、探索性学习的中介作用[J].南开管理评论,2011(3)：52-58.
[229]Gulati Ranjay,NohriaNitin. Strategic networks [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21 (3):199-201.
[230]Marsden P V.Network data and measurement[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1990,16(2):435-463.
[231]Reagans R,McEvily B.Network structure and knowledge transfer:the effects of cohesion and range[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48(5):240-267.
[232]Levin D Z, Cross R.The strength of weak ties you can trust:the mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer[J].Management Science,2004,50(11):1477-1490.
[233]Zahra S A, Ireland R D, HittM A. International expansion by new venture firms international diversity,mode of market entry,techno logical learning and performance [J]. Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[234]Bhuian S N,BulentM, Bell S J.Just entrepreneurial enough? the moderating effect of entrepreneurship on the relationship between market or ientation and performance [J]. Journal of Business Research,2005,58(1):9-17.
[235]StamW, Elfring T. Entrepreneurial or ientation and new venture performance:the moderating role of intra and extraindustry social capital [J].Academy of Management Journal,2008,51(1):97-11.
[236]Sharma D D, Blomstermo A. The internationalization process of born globals:a network view[J].International Business Review,2003,12(6):739-753.
[237]周密,赵西萍,司训练.团队成员网络中心性、网络信任对知识转移成效的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(9)：1385-1392.
[238]窦红宾,王正斌.产业集群内社会网络对知识资源获取的影响研究[J].中国科技论坛,2011(5)：43-49.
[239]Inkpen A C, Pien W. An Examination of Collaboration and Knowledge Transfer:China-Singapo re Suzhou Industrial Park[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2006,43(4):779-811.
[240]LiY,Liu Y, LiM F, et a.l Transformational Pf shore Outsourcing:Empirical Evidence From Alliances in China[J].Journal of Operations Management,2006,26(2):257-274.
[241]WilsonD T. An Integrated Model of Buyer-seller Relationships[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1995,23(4):335-345.
[242]Inkpen A C. Knowledge transfer and international joint ventures:the case of NUMM I and General Motors[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(4):447-453.
[243]Ritter, T. A Framework for Analyzing Interconnectedness of Relationships[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2000,29(6):27-32.
[244]Mcevily B,ZaheerA. Bridging ties:a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities[J].Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(12):1133-1156.
[245]郑准,王国顺.外部网络结构、知识获取与企业国际化绩效：基于广州制造企业的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(8)：1206-1212.
[246]陈巍,尹苗苗,蔡莉.新创企业社会网络对知识获取影响的内在机理研究[J].情报科学,2010,28(4)：616-619.
[247]DroegeS, HooblerJ.Employee Turn over and TacitKnowledge Diffusion:Networks, Multiple Phases[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(5):776-793.
[248]张旭,张嵩.隐性知识转移中的社会网络因素研究综述[J].情报杂志,2009,28(12)：42-27.
[249]Simonin B L. Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(l):595-623.
[250]Gulati R. Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Repeated Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliances[J].Academy of Management Journal,1994,38 (1):85-112.
[251]INKPEN A C,CURRALL S C.Co-evolution of trust,control and learning in Joint Ventures[J].Organization Science,2004,15(5):586-699.