锥束X射线成像技术中若干关键问题的研究
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摘要
锥束X射线成像技术因其轴向分辨率高、扫描速度快、X射线利用率高以及成像快速等优点，已被应用于活体小动物成像、人体乳腺癌诊断等医学领域，并成为医学成像研究领域中最为活跃的前沿课题。因此，研究如何提高锥束X射线成像质量具有重要的学术价值和应用研究价值。
本文围绕锥束X射线成像中影响图像重建质量的若干关键因素和相应解决办法展开研究。论文主要包括三方面内容：
第一，本文以3D Shepp-Logan模型为成像对象并根据X射线追踪技术建立了锥束X射线成像仿真平台来验证评价所发展的锥束三维重建算法。在此基础上，针对小动物的医学解剖成像在生物医学研究中的重要性，本文基于数字化标本放射影像系统搭建了封闭式锥束micro-CT成像系统，并通过自制小动物仿体成像实验对其进行评价。最后，为了更好地研究小动物成像，利用开放式锥束CT成像系统对活体小老鼠进行了成像实验。
第二，针对基于FDK重建中投影数据的不完备性所引起的图像轴向重建精度下降的问题，本文提出了采用经验函数加权方法对FDK算法进行修正。该算法在无需增加原有单圆扫描轨迹的前提下，利用倒高斯函数因子对FDK重建算法进行预加权改进，从而有效地补偿了图像轴向重建精度的衰减。最后，通过模拟研究定量地评价了该算法对图像噪声的抑制作用，并利用实验验证了加权补偿算法的有效性。
第三，对于成像系统几何误差引起的重建伪像以及图像失真问题，论文提出了基于校正仿体的系统几何误差的校正方法。该方法通过自制校正仿体预先提取出各投影角度下的投影矩阵，并利用投影矩阵修正对应投影角度下的物体空间与投影平面的错误映射关系。论文对成像系统旋转轴偏离X光轴的误差进行了校正实验。实验结果表明，本校正方法可有效地减小由系统几何误差引起的重建伪像和图像畸变，并可推广到类似三维医学成像系统。
本文对影响锥束X射线成像质量的几个关键因素分别提出了相应的解决方案，因此对锥束X射线成像的研究具有较大的实际意义。
For great advantages such as high longitudinal resolution, rapid scanning speed,high x-ray utilization, cone-beam x-ray imaging has been widely utilized in vivoanimal imaging and the woman breast diagnosis. It has become the most activeadvanced research in medical imaging field. However, how to improve the cone-beamx-ray imaging quality has significant academic value and application value.
Corresponding solutions to several key factors that affect the cone-beam x-rayimaging quality are investigated in this study. The paper is mainly composed by threeparts.
Firstly, according to the ray tracing theory and the x-ray attenuation law, asimulation platform of cone-beam x-ray imaging based on Shepp-Logan model wasdeveloped to verify and evaluate the cone-beam reconstruction algorithm. On thisbasis, aiming at the significance of the small animals in biomedical anatomy imagingresearch, an enclosed cone-beam micro-CT system was built up with digital specimenradiography system, and then experiment was conducted with the self-made animalphantom to evaluate the imaging system. Finaly, to investigate the small animalimaging, the vivo mouse experiment was implemented using open cone-beam CTsystem.
Secondly, in response to the axial intensity fall-off caused by the incompleteprojection data collection of the FDK-based reconstruction, an empirical weightedfunction was adopted to modify the original FDK algorithm. Under the condition ofnon-additional scanning trajectory, the reciprocal Gaussian function was employed asthe pre-weighted factor for FDK algorithm to effectively compensate the axialintensity of the reconstructed images. Then the noise suppression effect of themodified algorithm was quantitatively evaluated through the simulation investigationand the phantom experiment verified its compensation effect.
Thirdly, to solve the reconstruction artifacts and image distortion resulted fromthe imaging system geometric error, a phantom-based calibration method wasintroduced for the elimation of the geometric misalignments in the study. Using ourcalibration phantom, the projection matrices of the cone-beam x-ray imaging systemwere previously acquired under all projection views. Then each extracted projection matrix can be employed for the corresponding projection view to calibrate themis-mappings between the object coordinates and the detector projections. Theverification experiment for the calibration effectiveness was performed under therotation axis horizontal-shift from the central x-ray. The experimental resultsdemonstrated that the phantom-based calibration method could effectively minimizethe reconstruction artifacts for the imaging system and hold potential to benefit other3D medical imaging applications.
Since corresponding solutions were proposed to overcome several key effects inthe cone-beam x-ray imaging. This study promotes the investigation of cone-beamx-ray imaging with crucial practical significance.
本文围绕锥束X射线成像中影响图像重建质量的若干关键因素和相应解决办法展开研究。论文主要包括三方面内容：
第一，本文以3D Shepp-Logan模型为成像对象并根据X射线追踪技术建立了锥束X射线成像仿真平台来验证评价所发展的锥束三维重建算法。在此基础上，针对小动物的医学解剖成像在生物医学研究中的重要性，本文基于数字化标本放射影像系统搭建了封闭式锥束micro-CT成像系统，并通过自制小动物仿体成像实验对其进行评价。最后，为了更好地研究小动物成像，利用开放式锥束CT成像系统对活体小老鼠进行了成像实验。
第二，针对基于FDK重建中投影数据的不完备性所引起的图像轴向重建精度下降的问题，本文提出了采用经验函数加权方法对FDK算法进行修正。该算法在无需增加原有单圆扫描轨迹的前提下，利用倒高斯函数因子对FDK重建算法进行预加权改进，从而有效地补偿了图像轴向重建精度的衰减。最后，通过模拟研究定量地评价了该算法对图像噪声的抑制作用，并利用实验验证了加权补偿算法的有效性。
第三，对于成像系统几何误差引起的重建伪像以及图像失真问题，论文提出了基于校正仿体的系统几何误差的校正方法。该方法通过自制校正仿体预先提取出各投影角度下的投影矩阵，并利用投影矩阵修正对应投影角度下的物体空间与投影平面的错误映射关系。论文对成像系统旋转轴偏离X光轴的误差进行了校正实验。实验结果表明，本校正方法可有效地减小由系统几何误差引起的重建伪像和图像畸变，并可推广到类似三维医学成像系统。
本文对影响锥束X射线成像质量的几个关键因素分别提出了相应的解决方案，因此对锥束X射线成像的研究具有较大的实际意义。
For great advantages such as high longitudinal resolution, rapid scanning speed,high x-ray utilization, cone-beam x-ray imaging has been widely utilized in vivoanimal imaging and the woman breast diagnosis. It has become the most activeadvanced research in medical imaging field. However, how to improve the cone-beamx-ray imaging quality has significant academic value and application value.
Corresponding solutions to several key factors that affect the cone-beam x-rayimaging quality are investigated in this study. The paper is mainly composed by threeparts.
Firstly, according to the ray tracing theory and the x-ray attenuation law, asimulation platform of cone-beam x-ray imaging based on Shepp-Logan model wasdeveloped to verify and evaluate the cone-beam reconstruction algorithm. On thisbasis, aiming at the significance of the small animals in biomedical anatomy imagingresearch, an enclosed cone-beam micro-CT system was built up with digital specimenradiography system, and then experiment was conducted with the self-made animalphantom to evaluate the imaging system. Finaly, to investigate the small animalimaging, the vivo mouse experiment was implemented using open cone-beam CTsystem.
Secondly, in response to the axial intensity fall-off caused by the incompleteprojection data collection of the FDK-based reconstruction, an empirical weightedfunction was adopted to modify the original FDK algorithm. Under the condition ofnon-additional scanning trajectory, the reciprocal Gaussian function was employed asthe pre-weighted factor for FDK algorithm to effectively compensate the axialintensity of the reconstructed images. Then the noise suppression effect of themodified algorithm was quantitatively evaluated through the simulation investigationand the phantom experiment verified its compensation effect.
Thirdly, to solve the reconstruction artifacts and image distortion resulted fromthe imaging system geometric error, a phantom-based calibration method wasintroduced for the elimation of the geometric misalignments in the study. Using ourcalibration phantom, the projection matrices of the cone-beam x-ray imaging systemwere previously acquired under all projection views. Then each extracted projection matrix can be employed for the corresponding projection view to calibrate themis-mappings between the object coordinates and the detector projections. Theverification experiment for the calibration effectiveness was performed under therotation axis horizontal-shift from the central x-ray. The experimental resultsdemonstrated that the phantom-based calibration method could effectively minimizethe reconstruction artifacts for the imaging system and hold potential to benefit other3D medical imaging applications.
Since corresponding solutions were proposed to overcome several key effects inthe cone-beam x-ray imaging. This study promotes the investigation of cone-beamx-ray imaging with crucial practical significance.
引文
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