滇黔桂地区二叠系—三叠系层序地层格架研究
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摘要
以露头层序地层学理论为指导,选取滇黔桂地区二叠系—三叠系地层为研究对象,重点进行了层序地层划分和对比,以三级层序为单位编制了全区的层序地层格架栅状图和古地理图,进而制作了生储盖分布图。该研究方法有效地探索了滇黔桂地区二叠纪—三叠纪盆地充填序列特征、古地理演化过程和生储盖分布特点,提高了对勘探目标的预测能力,是研究海相碳酸盐岩低勘探程度地区的一条新路。
针对海相碳酸盐岩地区的沉积特点,使用米级旋回层序作为三级层序的组成单元进行室内和野外研究。米级旋回层序揭示了层序地层内部特征,保证了层序划分与对比的精度和可信度,是研究海相碳酸盐岩的新方法。层序界面则是三级层序的划分基础。研究区层序界面可划分为四种类型:构造不整合面、沉积不整合面、淹没不整合面以及它们的相关面。
二叠系包括船山统、阳新统和乐平统,船山统与下伏石炭系顶部的地层构成一个三级沉积旋回层序(SQ19),阳新统包含四个三级层序(SQ20-SQ23),乐平统包括两个三级层序(SQ24-SQ25)。在连陆台地上发育煤系地层,而在连陆台地边缘及孤立台地上发育海绵生物礁,相分异明显,形成典型的“台—盆—丘—槽”的古地理格局。
三叠系包括下统、中统及上统,下统和中统各划出三个三级层序(SQ26-SQ28和SQ29-SQ31),上统分为四个三级层序(SQ32-SQ33)。从连陆台地到浊积盆地,相分异明显,南宁和靖西一带孤立台地上早三叠世的鲕粒滩与连陆台地边缘的礁滩相灰岩特别引人注目。早、中三叠世层序地层格架及相应的古地理特征代表了统一的南盘江盆地的形成演化过程;晚三叠世反映了海相南盘江盆地的消亡过程。二叠系烃源岩主要发育在阳新统、乐平统的台盆及台棚相带中;三叠系烃源岩主要发育在下三叠统,分布广泛。二叠系储集层主要是海绵生物礁灰岩和白云岩地层;三叠系储集层主要是塌积重力流角砾灰岩和鲕粒滩相灰岩。下、中三叠系的浊积岩系是南盘江油气保存区的区域盖层,上三叠统至白垩系的陆相碎屑岩系是十万山油气保存区的区域盖层。南盘江坳陷中的潞城构造和十万山盆地的百更—那瑞构造所在区域是下步勘探的重点。
Guided by the theory of corn sequence stratigraphy, the Dian-Qian-Gui Area is selected to divide and correlate third-order sequences of the Permian and Triassic, and to draw the panel diagrams showing the sequence stratigraphic framework and the outline maps showing the palaeogeography of every third-order sequence, which are the fundament to draw the graphs showing the distribution of the genetic, reservoir and seal layer. Having effectively probed the filling succession characteristic of the Permian and Triassic of the study area, the evolution process of the palaeogeography, and the distribution nature of the genetic, reservoir and seal layer, and having further enhanced the forecast of exploration targets, this research method can be a new way to study carbonate strata areas of similar lower exploration.
In accordance with the sedimentary characteristic of the carbonate strata area, meter-scale cyclic sequences, which are component units of third-order sequence, are applied as elementary study units to field survey and record, and indoor research. As a new method, this means reveal interior feature of sequence stratigraphy, and assure the accuracy and reliability of the division and correlation of sequence stratigraphy. In term of their geological meanings, sequence boundaries, which are division basis of third-order sequence, can be group into four types, which are tectonic unconformity, sedimentary unconformity, drowned unconformity, and their relative surfaces.
The Permian can be divided into three series named as the Chuanshanian, Yangxinian, and Lepingian Series respectively. The top part of the Carboniferous and the Chuanshanian Series of the Permian form third-order sequence SQ19. The Yangxinian Series includes four third-order sequences from SQ20 to SQ23, and the Lepingian Series includes SQ24 and SQ25. The development of coal-bearing strata on the attached platform as well as the formation of sponge reefs in the margin of attached platform and on the isolated platforms make clear sedimentary facies differentiation and lead to a particular palaeogeographical pattern that is characterized by “platform-basin-hill-trough”.
The Triassic can be divided into three series named as the Lower, Middle, and Upper Triassic respectively. The Lower and Middle Triassic both can be divided into three third-order sequences (from SQ26 to SQ28 and from SQ29 to SQ31). The Upper Triassic includes four third-order sequences from SQ32 to SQ35. From the attached platform to the turbidity basin, the sedimentary facies differentiation is very clear.
针对海相碳酸盐岩地区的沉积特点,使用米级旋回层序作为三级层序的组成单元进行室内和野外研究。米级旋回层序揭示了层序地层内部特征,保证了层序划分与对比的精度和可信度,是研究海相碳酸盐岩的新方法。层序界面则是三级层序的划分基础。研究区层序界面可划分为四种类型:构造不整合面、沉积不整合面、淹没不整合面以及它们的相关面。
二叠系包括船山统、阳新统和乐平统,船山统与下伏石炭系顶部的地层构成一个三级沉积旋回层序(SQ19),阳新统包含四个三级层序(SQ20-SQ23),乐平统包括两个三级层序(SQ24-SQ25)。在连陆台地上发育煤系地层,而在连陆台地边缘及孤立台地上发育海绵生物礁,相分异明显,形成典型的“台—盆—丘—槽”的古地理格局。
三叠系包括下统、中统及上统,下统和中统各划出三个三级层序(SQ26-SQ28和SQ29-SQ31),上统分为四个三级层序(SQ32-SQ33)。从连陆台地到浊积盆地,相分异明显,南宁和靖西一带孤立台地上早三叠世的鲕粒滩与连陆台地边缘的礁滩相灰岩特别引人注目。早、中三叠世层序地层格架及相应的古地理特征代表了统一的南盘江盆地的形成演化过程;晚三叠世反映了海相南盘江盆地的消亡过程。二叠系烃源岩主要发育在阳新统、乐平统的台盆及台棚相带中;三叠系烃源岩主要发育在下三叠统,分布广泛。二叠系储集层主要是海绵生物礁灰岩和白云岩地层;三叠系储集层主要是塌积重力流角砾灰岩和鲕粒滩相灰岩。下、中三叠系的浊积岩系是南盘江油气保存区的区域盖层,上三叠统至白垩系的陆相碎屑岩系是十万山油气保存区的区域盖层。南盘江坳陷中的潞城构造和十万山盆地的百更—那瑞构造所在区域是下步勘探的重点。
Guided by the theory of corn sequence stratigraphy, the Dian-Qian-Gui Area is selected to divide and correlate third-order sequences of the Permian and Triassic, and to draw the panel diagrams showing the sequence stratigraphic framework and the outline maps showing the palaeogeography of every third-order sequence, which are the fundament to draw the graphs showing the distribution of the genetic, reservoir and seal layer. Having effectively probed the filling succession characteristic of the Permian and Triassic of the study area, the evolution process of the palaeogeography, and the distribution nature of the genetic, reservoir and seal layer, and having further enhanced the forecast of exploration targets, this research method can be a new way to study carbonate strata areas of similar lower exploration.
In accordance with the sedimentary characteristic of the carbonate strata area, meter-scale cyclic sequences, which are component units of third-order sequence, are applied as elementary study units to field survey and record, and indoor research. As a new method, this means reveal interior feature of sequence stratigraphy, and assure the accuracy and reliability of the division and correlation of sequence stratigraphy. In term of their geological meanings, sequence boundaries, which are division basis of third-order sequence, can be group into four types, which are tectonic unconformity, sedimentary unconformity, drowned unconformity, and their relative surfaces.
The Permian can be divided into three series named as the Chuanshanian, Yangxinian, and Lepingian Series respectively. The top part of the Carboniferous and the Chuanshanian Series of the Permian form third-order sequence SQ19. The Yangxinian Series includes four third-order sequences from SQ20 to SQ23, and the Lepingian Series includes SQ24 and SQ25. The development of coal-bearing strata on the attached platform as well as the formation of sponge reefs in the margin of attached platform and on the isolated platforms make clear sedimentary facies differentiation and lead to a particular palaeogeographical pattern that is characterized by “platform-basin-hill-trough”.
The Triassic can be divided into three series named as the Lower, Middle, and Upper Triassic respectively. The Lower and Middle Triassic both can be divided into three third-order sequences (from SQ26 to SQ28 and from SQ29 to SQ31). The Upper Triassic includes four third-order sequences from SQ32 to SQ35. From the attached platform to the turbidity basin, the sedimentary facies differentiation is very clear.
引文
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