内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群及其古生态研究
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摘要
本文研究的化石产在内蒙古呼鲁斯太。室内鉴定和描述化石13属25种,分别属于石松纲、楔叶纲、真蕨纲和种子蕨纲、科达纲植物和裸子植物种子。经植物种类分析,标准植物分子分析,与标准植物群对比分析三方面判定为晚石炭世和早二叠世植物化石,属于华夏植物群的组成部分。在系统分析植物群的基础上,作者对植物群的古生态进行了较为深入的研究。根据化石保存状态,化石大小和化石保存的完整程度,分析化石主要为原地埋藏,所以植物化石特征能够反映当时当地的生态环境。根据现生各类植物的生存环境,恢复了内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群的生态环境,并划分了三个植物群落:晚石炭世中期沼泽近水低位Lepidodendron subrhombicum-Paripteris kaipingiana群落;晚石炭世晚期岸边低地沼泽Lepidodendron szeianum-Neuropteris ovata群落;早二叠世早期平原低地沼泽Annularia orientalis - Pecopteris orientalis群落。从组成、结构、生长环境等几个方面分析了每个植物群落的基本特征。
本文采用植物的现生近缘种类分析方法,并结合其它方面证据的定性分析,着重研究了内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世的气候特征。经研究得知,植物群中喜湿热的真蕨纲和种子蕨纲植物(40%)和石松纲植物(32%)的比重大。多方面的证据都表明了当时该地区气候湿热,属于热带气候区。并且,随着时间的推移,气候逐渐变得干热。
综上所述,本文在收集整理与分析地层、古生物、古气候等资料的基础上,进行了内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群古生态和古气候的详细研究;并且采取“将今论古”的推理方法,利用现代植被类型生存的气候条件,分析判断内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世古气候特征。因此,本文研究的成果和方法的运用都有着重要的意义和参考价值。
The plant fossils described and discussed in this paper were collected from Hulusitai area in Inner Mongolia. There are 25 species in 13 genera. These species are in different groups which comprise Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Filices et Pteridospermopsida, Cordaitopsida and Seimina Gymnospermarum. The flora may be designated as Late Carboniferous and Early Permian in age and belongs to the Cathaysian flora. Base on the systematic analysis of the flora, the author has conducted the thorough research to the palaeoecology. The taphonomic types of the fossil plants are analyzed according to their states of preservation, sizes and characters. It is sure that most of them are autochthonous burial. Thus the characters of the floras could reflect the paleoecological environment. The fossil plants are divided into three plant assemblages according to the characteristics and the ranges of their vertical distribution in the strata, namely, the middle Late Carboniferous Lepidodendron subrhombicum-Paripteris kaipingiana Assemblage; the late Late Carboniferous Lepidodendron szeianum-Neuropteris ovata Assemblage; the early Early Permian Annularia orientalis - Pecopteris orientalis Assemblage. The author discusses the characteristics of the plant communities according to some aspects such as composition, the structure, the growing environment and so on.
In this paper, emphasis is laid on the study of climate reconstruction. There is an approach used in this paper, which is Nearest-Living-Relatives-Method. Results of the study show that the dominant groups are Filices et Pteridospermopsida (40%) and Lycopsida (32%). The flora indicates a humid-warm close to tropical climate in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. It also indicates a warming and drying climatic change as time goes by.
To sum up, based on the collection and the analysis of the data on stratigraphy,paleontology, palaeoclimate, this paper gives a minute description of the palaeoecology and palaeoclimate durning the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian of Hulusitai in Inner Mongolia. Also, by the basic principle of“the present is the key to the past”and on the living conditions of the modern vegetation types, the author discusses the characteristics of the palaeoclimate. Therefore, the result and the using of the approach in this paper are quite useful and of great value for reference.
本文采用植物的现生近缘种类分析方法,并结合其它方面证据的定性分析,着重研究了内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世的气候特征。经研究得知,植物群中喜湿热的真蕨纲和种子蕨纲植物(40%)和石松纲植物(32%)的比重大。多方面的证据都表明了当时该地区气候湿热,属于热带气候区。并且,随着时间的推移,气候逐渐变得干热。
综上所述,本文在收集整理与分析地层、古生物、古气候等资料的基础上,进行了内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群古生态和古气候的详细研究;并且采取“将今论古”的推理方法,利用现代植被类型生存的气候条件,分析判断内蒙古呼鲁斯太晚石炭世和早二叠世古气候特征。因此,本文研究的成果和方法的运用都有着重要的意义和参考价值。
The plant fossils described and discussed in this paper were collected from Hulusitai area in Inner Mongolia. There are 25 species in 13 genera. These species are in different groups which comprise Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Filices et Pteridospermopsida, Cordaitopsida and Seimina Gymnospermarum. The flora may be designated as Late Carboniferous and Early Permian in age and belongs to the Cathaysian flora. Base on the systematic analysis of the flora, the author has conducted the thorough research to the palaeoecology. The taphonomic types of the fossil plants are analyzed according to their states of preservation, sizes and characters. It is sure that most of them are autochthonous burial. Thus the characters of the floras could reflect the paleoecological environment. The fossil plants are divided into three plant assemblages according to the characteristics and the ranges of their vertical distribution in the strata, namely, the middle Late Carboniferous Lepidodendron subrhombicum-Paripteris kaipingiana Assemblage; the late Late Carboniferous Lepidodendron szeianum-Neuropteris ovata Assemblage; the early Early Permian Annularia orientalis - Pecopteris orientalis Assemblage. The author discusses the characteristics of the plant communities according to some aspects such as composition, the structure, the growing environment and so on.
In this paper, emphasis is laid on the study of climate reconstruction. There is an approach used in this paper, which is Nearest-Living-Relatives-Method. Results of the study show that the dominant groups are Filices et Pteridospermopsida (40%) and Lycopsida (32%). The flora indicates a humid-warm close to tropical climate in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. It also indicates a warming and drying climatic change as time goes by.
To sum up, based on the collection and the analysis of the data on stratigraphy,paleontology, palaeoclimate, this paper gives a minute description of the palaeoecology and palaeoclimate durning the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian of Hulusitai in Inner Mongolia. Also, by the basic principle of“the present is the key to the past”and on the living conditions of the modern vegetation types, the author discusses the characteristics of the palaeoclimate. Therefore, the result and the using of the approach in this paper are quite useful and of great value for reference.
引文
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[88] Sun Keqin and Chandra, S., Evolution and ecology of the Cathaysia flora. Palaeobotanist, 1998,47: 20-28
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[93] Sun Keqin and Deng Shenghui, Parasphenopteris Sun et Deng, a new genus from the Lower Permian of Wuda, Nei Mongol, China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. 2006, 44 (2):161-164
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