中学化学多媒体CAI的设计和应用研究
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摘要
随着社会科学技术的迅猛发展,信息技术已逐渐渗透到人们的生活、学习和工作中,教育领域亦是如此。特别是在我国教育改革和新课程改革的今天,多媒体辅助中学化学教学发展也很快,已经取得了很大的进步。然而,在多媒体CAI在发展的同时,也存在着一些问题,仍然有必要进一步探索和研究。
本文首先介绍了中学化学多媒体CAI的概念,然后从国内外两个方面回顾了中学化学多媒体CAI的兴起和发展的状况,并总结了目前计算机辅助中学化学教学只能感存在的弊端,针对这些问题,提出了解决问题的四点建议:1是增加教育经费;2是转变教育观念:3是重视教师信息技能的培养。
任何实践都离不开理论的指导,只有在理论指导下的实践才能更好的发挥其作用。接着本文系统论述了计算机辅助教学(CAI)的理论基础。1是系统科学方法依据。2是教学理论依据。3是学习理论依据。即学与教的原理,从人的心理和生理方面进行论述,包括行为主义学习理论,建构主义学习理论,认知主义学习理论和人本主义学习理论。
本文重点论述的是计算机辅助教学在中学化学中的应用以及如何制作优秀的CAI课件?尽管我们已经高兴的看到一些优秀的教师在这方面已迈出了可喜的一步,他们能够根据自己的教学经验编制出具有一定的质量水准和使用价值的CAI课件,并自觉地应用到教学实践中去,取得了满意的效果,但是,大多数教师制作CAI课件的知识和能力有限,往往自制出的课件中某些方面还是存在一定的缺陷,或者根本就不会自制多媒体CAI课件。为此,笔者结合化学学科特点,详细论述了多媒体CAI课件的编制和使用原则以及化学多媒体CAI课件从确定选题、教学设计、编写稿本、素材创作、课件合成、测试评价到打包发行的全过程。并且运用Authorware制作一个实例,简要说明了课件制作的过程,并结合自己的教学经验作出几个方面的案例分析,以供中学化学教师参考与借鉴。
随着科学和社会经济的发展,CAI教学越来越普及,CAI研究与课件制作不再是高深莫测,不再是教育专家和技术人员的专职工作。广大中学化学教师有能力,有必要制作适合于自己教学风格和学生特征的好作品来。随着科技进步,CAI的发展也将朝着智能化、虚拟现实、集成化、网络化等方面发展。
With the social development of science and technology, information technology has penetrated into people's lives, learning and work in the field of education is also true. Especially in China's educational reform and the new curriculum reform, multi-media teaching aids the development of secondary school chemistry quickly, and has made great progress. However, in the development of multimedia CAI at the same time, there are a number of issues still need further exploration and study.
This article first introduced the School of Chemical CAI multimedia concept, and then both at home and abroad from the review of secondary school chemistry and the rise of multimedia CAI development of the background and current situation and pointed out that the current computer-aided secondary school chemistry education and the status of the difficulties that exist for The problem, a problem-solving a four-point proposal: 1 is to increase funding for education; 2 is a change in the concept of education; 3 is the importance of training teachers
Any practice can not be separated from the guiding theory, only under the guidance of the theory in practice in order to better play its role. This article discusses the system, then computer-aided instruction (CAI) on the basis of the theory. Is a system based on scientific methods. 2 is the theoretical basis for teaching. 3 is the theoretical basis for the study. That is, learning and teaching the principles of human psychological and physiological aspects of the discussion, including the act of learning theory, constructivist learning theory, cognitive learning theory and the theory of humanistic learning.
This article focuses on the computer-assisted teaching in secondary school chemistry, as well as how to make good CAI courseware? Although we have been pleased to see some of the best teachers in this regard has been forward a bit, according to their own Teaching experience in the preparation of a certain standard of quality and value of the CAI courseware, and consciously applied to teaching is to play, with satisfactory results, however, the majority of teachers in producing CAI courseware knowledge and capacity is limited, often A self-made courseware in some respects there are still some flaws, or simply will not self-made multi-media CAI courseware. To this end, the author combines chemical characteristics of the subjects in detail the CAI multimedia courseware development and use of chemicals as well as the principle of multi-media courseware CAI from the topics identified, instructional design, preparation of the draft, the material creation, synthesis software, to evaluate the test package The issue of the whole process. And making an example of the use of Authorware, a brief description of the software production process, combined with his own teaching experience to make a few aspects of the case studies for secondary school chemistry teacher with reference to the drawing.
With the scientific and socio-economic development, CAI teaching more and more popular, CAI Courseware research ang design is no longer inscrutable, is no longer education experts and technicians working full-time. The majority of secondary school chemistry teachers have the ability, it is necessary for the production of teaching in their own style and characteristics of the student's good works. With the progress of science and technology, CAI will also be towards the development of intelligence, virtual reality, integration and network development, and so on.
本文首先介绍了中学化学多媒体CAI的概念,然后从国内外两个方面回顾了中学化学多媒体CAI的兴起和发展的状况,并总结了目前计算机辅助中学化学教学只能感存在的弊端,针对这些问题,提出了解决问题的四点建议:1是增加教育经费;2是转变教育观念:3是重视教师信息技能的培养。
任何实践都离不开理论的指导,只有在理论指导下的实践才能更好的发挥其作用。接着本文系统论述了计算机辅助教学(CAI)的理论基础。1是系统科学方法依据。2是教学理论依据。3是学习理论依据。即学与教的原理,从人的心理和生理方面进行论述,包括行为主义学习理论,建构主义学习理论,认知主义学习理论和人本主义学习理论。
本文重点论述的是计算机辅助教学在中学化学中的应用以及如何制作优秀的CAI课件?尽管我们已经高兴的看到一些优秀的教师在这方面已迈出了可喜的一步,他们能够根据自己的教学经验编制出具有一定的质量水准和使用价值的CAI课件,并自觉地应用到教学实践中去,取得了满意的效果,但是,大多数教师制作CAI课件的知识和能力有限,往往自制出的课件中某些方面还是存在一定的缺陷,或者根本就不会自制多媒体CAI课件。为此,笔者结合化学学科特点,详细论述了多媒体CAI课件的编制和使用原则以及化学多媒体CAI课件从确定选题、教学设计、编写稿本、素材创作、课件合成、测试评价到打包发行的全过程。并且运用Authorware制作一个实例,简要说明了课件制作的过程,并结合自己的教学经验作出几个方面的案例分析,以供中学化学教师参考与借鉴。
随着科学和社会经济的发展,CAI教学越来越普及,CAI研究与课件制作不再是高深莫测,不再是教育专家和技术人员的专职工作。广大中学化学教师有能力,有必要制作适合于自己教学风格和学生特征的好作品来。随着科技进步,CAI的发展也将朝着智能化、虚拟现实、集成化、网络化等方面发展。
With the social development of science and technology, information technology has penetrated into people's lives, learning and work in the field of education is also true. Especially in China's educational reform and the new curriculum reform, multi-media teaching aids the development of secondary school chemistry quickly, and has made great progress. However, in the development of multimedia CAI at the same time, there are a number of issues still need further exploration and study.
This article first introduced the School of Chemical CAI multimedia concept, and then both at home and abroad from the review of secondary school chemistry and the rise of multimedia CAI development of the background and current situation and pointed out that the current computer-aided secondary school chemistry education and the status of the difficulties that exist for The problem, a problem-solving a four-point proposal: 1 is to increase funding for education; 2 is a change in the concept of education; 3 is the importance of training teachers
Any practice can not be separated from the guiding theory, only under the guidance of the theory in practice in order to better play its role. This article discusses the system, then computer-aided instruction (CAI) on the basis of the theory. Is a system based on scientific methods. 2 is the theoretical basis for teaching. 3 is the theoretical basis for the study. That is, learning and teaching the principles of human psychological and physiological aspects of the discussion, including the act of learning theory, constructivist learning theory, cognitive learning theory and the theory of humanistic learning.
This article focuses on the computer-assisted teaching in secondary school chemistry, as well as how to make good CAI courseware? Although we have been pleased to see some of the best teachers in this regard has been forward a bit, according to their own Teaching experience in the preparation of a certain standard of quality and value of the CAI courseware, and consciously applied to teaching is to play, with satisfactory results, however, the majority of teachers in producing CAI courseware knowledge and capacity is limited, often A self-made courseware in some respects there are still some flaws, or simply will not self-made multi-media CAI courseware. To this end, the author combines chemical characteristics of the subjects in detail the CAI multimedia courseware development and use of chemicals as well as the principle of multi-media courseware CAI from the topics identified, instructional design, preparation of the draft, the material creation, synthesis software, to evaluate the test package The issue of the whole process. And making an example of the use of Authorware, a brief description of the software production process, combined with his own teaching experience to make a few aspects of the case studies for secondary school chemistry teacher with reference to the drawing.
With the scientific and socio-economic development, CAI teaching more and more popular, CAI Courseware research ang design is no longer inscrutable, is no longer education experts and technicians working full-time. The majority of secondary school chemistry teachers have the ability, it is necessary for the production of teaching in their own style and characteristics of the student's good works. With the progress of science and technology, CAI will also be towards the development of intelligence, virtual reality, integration and network development, and so on.
引文
[1]普通高中化学课程标准(实验).[M]中国教育部制订.北京:人民教育出版社,2003.4
[2]李香敏.多媒体教学系统组建与管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.9
[3]何克抗等.计算机辅助教育[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997
[4]肖培宗.现代教育技术教程[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2001
[5]冯学斌,孟详增.现代教育技术[M].山东:山东人民出版社,2002
[6]郑黎.从日本国香川县高中化学教师使用计算机谈起[J].化学教育,1999.3
[7]周宁怀,陈晨.参加第15届国际化学教育会议纪要[J].化学教学,1999.5
[8]张欣,蔡秀慧.继续教育的现状与思考-高中化学教师问卷调查报告[J].化学教学,2000(9)P 15-17
[9]李勇帆等.多媒体课件设计与制作导论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.3
[10]黄德海.浅谈计算机辅助化学教学的应用中国电化教育,2004.1
[11]段建军.应用多媒体CAI优化中学数学教学研究[D].内蒙古师范大学2004
[12]包长发《全国中小学计算机教育赴美考察团考察报告》中小学信息技术网:http://www.nrcce.com/
[13]陈黎明.教育信息化,师资需先行[C].首届全球ET学术峰会论文集,2006
[14]毛远明.中学化学计算机辅助教学的应用研究[D].西南师范大学,2001
[15]胡礼和.现代教育技术学[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2003,6第四版
[16]李学农等.多媒体教学优化设计[M].广东:广东高等教育出版社,1996P25-29
[17]郎金华.中学化学计算机辅助课堂教学系统软件的设计与开发思路初探[D].首都师范大学,2004.4
[18]雷体南.现代教育技术教程[M].武汉:华中师范大学,2000.9
[19]张剑平.现代教育技术--理论与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003,第54页
[20]袁振国.当代教育学[M].教育科学出版社,1999年.
[21]陈为.基于CAI课件制作基础理论的研究[J].江苏广播电视大学学报,2001(2)
[22]李康.从行为主义到人本主义--论学习理论对课件设计的影响[J].电化教育研究,1999(2)
[23]施良方,崔允沸.教学理论:课堂教学的原理、策略与研究[M].上海:华东 师范大学出版社,1999
[24]Jonassen,David.Constructive Learning Environments[J].教育技术通讯,1999(1)
[25]皮连生.教育心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2005.6
[26]胡杨胜.中学化学多媒体的发展的探索[D].华中师范大学,2003
[27]梅全雄.计算机辅助教学于多媒体课件制作[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2004
[28]陈笑,于冬梅.多媒体CAI课件制作基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版,2006.7第二版
[29]高付东.中学化学计算机辅助教学的研究[D].曲师范大学,2003
[30]郭平.多媒体课件设计与制作[M].西北工业大学出版社,2006.10
[31]人教版高中化学(必修)第一册北京:人民教育出版社,2003.6
[32]陈稳,吾慎之.在化学教学中的应用示例[J].化学教学,2006(8)
[33]聂相平.Authoreware在化学教学中的应用一例[J].淮坊教育学院学报,2005(1)
[34]朱慕菊.走进新课程--与课程实施者对话[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004.4
[35]于静敏.浅谈CAI在化学课堂教学中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2006(5)
[36]惠娟.浅谈多媒体辅助教学与化学教学[J].计算机辅助教学,2003(12)
[37]徐成宇.中学化学MCAI课件的设计与应用研究[D].河北师范大学,2004
[38]钱扬义等.信息技术于化学课程整合研究[J].课程教材教法,2004.7
[39]吴国宇.多媒体在化学教学中的应用及应注意事项[J].广西教育,2006.1,2
[40]杜娟.运用多媒体教学的利弊探讨[J].山西农业大学学报,2006(6)
[41]李华,李迎春,李峰.优化CAI课件教学环境的研究[J].洛阳师范学院学报2005(5)
[42]何克抗.从Blending Learning看教育技术理论的新发展.http://www.cct.edu.cn
[43]蒋鸣和.新课程学习主题网络资源索引[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2003.5
教育网:http://edu.lawyee.net/User/AutoLoginByIP.asp
人民教育出版社.http://www.pep.com.cn/gzhx/
[2]李香敏.多媒体教学系统组建与管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.9
[3]何克抗等.计算机辅助教育[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997
[4]肖培宗.现代教育技术教程[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2001
[5]冯学斌,孟详增.现代教育技术[M].山东:山东人民出版社,2002
[6]郑黎.从日本国香川县高中化学教师使用计算机谈起[J].化学教育,1999.3
[7]周宁怀,陈晨.参加第15届国际化学教育会议纪要[J].化学教学,1999.5
[8]张欣,蔡秀慧.继续教育的现状与思考-高中化学教师问卷调查报告[J].化学教学,2000(9)P 15-17
[9]李勇帆等.多媒体课件设计与制作导论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.3
[10]黄德海.浅谈计算机辅助化学教学的应用中国电化教育,2004.1
[11]段建军.应用多媒体CAI优化中学数学教学研究[D].内蒙古师范大学2004
[12]包长发《全国中小学计算机教育赴美考察团考察报告》中小学信息技术网:http://www.nrcce.com/
[13]陈黎明.教育信息化,师资需先行[C].首届全球ET学术峰会论文集,2006
[14]毛远明.中学化学计算机辅助教学的应用研究[D].西南师范大学,2001
[15]胡礼和.现代教育技术学[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2003,6第四版
[16]李学农等.多媒体教学优化设计[M].广东:广东高等教育出版社,1996P25-29
[17]郎金华.中学化学计算机辅助课堂教学系统软件的设计与开发思路初探[D].首都师范大学,2004.4
[18]雷体南.现代教育技术教程[M].武汉:华中师范大学,2000.9
[19]张剑平.现代教育技术--理论与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003,第54页
[20]袁振国.当代教育学[M].教育科学出版社,1999年.
[21]陈为.基于CAI课件制作基础理论的研究[J].江苏广播电视大学学报,2001(2)
[22]李康.从行为主义到人本主义--论学习理论对课件设计的影响[J].电化教育研究,1999(2)
[23]施良方,崔允沸.教学理论:课堂教学的原理、策略与研究[M].上海:华东 师范大学出版社,1999
[24]Jonassen,David.Constructive Learning Environments[J].教育技术通讯,1999(1)
[25]皮连生.教育心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2005.6
[26]胡杨胜.中学化学多媒体的发展的探索[D].华中师范大学,2003
[27]梅全雄.计算机辅助教学于多媒体课件制作[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2004
[28]陈笑,于冬梅.多媒体CAI课件制作基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版,2006.7第二版
[29]高付东.中学化学计算机辅助教学的研究[D].曲师范大学,2003
[30]郭平.多媒体课件设计与制作[M].西北工业大学出版社,2006.10
[31]人教版高中化学(必修)第一册北京:人民教育出版社,2003.6
[32]陈稳,吾慎之.在化学教学中的应用示例[J].化学教学,2006(8)
[33]聂相平.Authoreware在化学教学中的应用一例[J].淮坊教育学院学报,2005(1)
[34]朱慕菊.走进新课程--与课程实施者对话[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004.4
[35]于静敏.浅谈CAI在化学课堂教学中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2006(5)
[36]惠娟.浅谈多媒体辅助教学与化学教学[J].计算机辅助教学,2003(12)
[37]徐成宇.中学化学MCAI课件的设计与应用研究[D].河北师范大学,2004
[38]钱扬义等.信息技术于化学课程整合研究[J].课程教材教法,2004.7
[39]吴国宇.多媒体在化学教学中的应用及应注意事项[J].广西教育,2006.1,2
[40]杜娟.运用多媒体教学的利弊探讨[J].山西农业大学学报,2006(6)
[41]李华,李迎春,李峰.优化CAI课件教学环境的研究[J].洛阳师范学院学报2005(5)
[42]何克抗.从Blending Learning看教育技术理论的新发展.http://www.cct.edu.cn
[43]蒋鸣和.新课程学习主题网络资源索引[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2003.5
教育网:http://edu.lawyee.net/User/AutoLoginByIP.asp
人民教育出版社.http://www.pep.com.cn/gzhx/