现代物流企业风险分析及管理系统建设研究
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摘要
目前,随着经济全球化、一体化进程加快和科学技术飞跃发展,物流行业也日渐全球化、规模化、系统化和信息化。我国物流业的发展遭遇了全方位的挑战,面对跨国企业不断渗透中国物流市场的严峻形势,我国物流业应采取相应的有效措施。
从2007年开始的全球性金融危机已对我国物流企业产生了巨大的冲击,我们认识到,现在是一个风险管理的时代,要求企业必须了解风险、识别风险和学会控制风险。对于从事现代物流的企业,风险的评估与管理更是使其健康发展和高效运作的基本保证。因此,应对物流的风险管理进行更多的研究。
本文首先研究了国内外物流业发展现状,全面了解了现代物流企业的发展趋势以及对我国现代经济的影响,在此基础上讨论了我国物流企业发展中存在的一些问题,特别是对物流企业的风险管理方面做了详细的分析,认为现代物流企业的风险主要有:选择战略伙伴风险、合同责任风险、物流经营过程风险、财务结算风险以及第三者责任风险等。为了控制风险、降低风险,就必须加强信息化网络建设,进行科学的管理,实现物流管理的快捷、准确、科学和高效运转。在此基础上,本文提出了一个降低、避免风险的有效措施——构建了一个智能物流决策管理系统,并对该系统进行分析与研究。为了进一步降低物流运输成本,本文对物流配送的最短最优路径算法进行了研究实现。最后,基于湖南德邦物流有限公司的现状,本文提出了一个现代物流系统建设的方案,并对系统建设过程中可能存在的风险进行分析以及制定应对措施。
Now, with economic globalization, the integration process to speed up and the rapid development of science and technology, the logistics enterprises become more and more globalization, large-scale, systematic and information-based. Development of the logistics industry in China experienced a full range of challenges, the face of multinational companies continue to penetrate the Chinese logistics market of the severe situation, the logistics in China should take some effective measures.
Since 2007, the global financial crisis has given a great impact on China’s logistics industry. We have entered into an era of risk management, which ask the enterprise must realize risks, identify risks and learn to control risks. For the enterprises engaged in modern logistics, the risk assessment and management is the basic guarantee of the healthy development and efficient operation. So, we must do more research to the risk management of logistics in the future.
This article initially on the development of domestic and international logistics industry, a comprehensive understanding of the trends in the development of modern logistics as well as the impact of China's modern economy. On the basis, it discusses some problems in the China’s logistics development, especially for the logistics aspects of risk management done a detailed analysis, and we belive that modern logistics company's risks mainly come from the following several parts: select strategic partners, contractual liability, logistics business processes, financial settlement, third party liability and so on. In order to control and reduce risk, we must strengthen the information network construction and scientific management, to make logistics management quick, accurate, scientific and highly efficient. So, this paper proposed a effective measure to reduce and even avoid the risk: build an intelligent logistics Decision Management System. And To further reduce the cost of logistics and transport, this article implements a most optimal and shortest path algorithm of the logistics distribution. Based on the background and current situation of Hunan DeBang Logistics Co., Ltd., it has proposed the schemes of a modern logistics system construction, analyzed the risks and response measures in the process of construction.
从2007年开始的全球性金融危机已对我国物流企业产生了巨大的冲击,我们认识到,现在是一个风险管理的时代,要求企业必须了解风险、识别风险和学会控制风险。对于从事现代物流的企业,风险的评估与管理更是使其健康发展和高效运作的基本保证。因此,应对物流的风险管理进行更多的研究。
本文首先研究了国内外物流业发展现状,全面了解了现代物流企业的发展趋势以及对我国现代经济的影响,在此基础上讨论了我国物流企业发展中存在的一些问题,特别是对物流企业的风险管理方面做了详细的分析,认为现代物流企业的风险主要有:选择战略伙伴风险、合同责任风险、物流经营过程风险、财务结算风险以及第三者责任风险等。为了控制风险、降低风险,就必须加强信息化网络建设,进行科学的管理,实现物流管理的快捷、准确、科学和高效运转。在此基础上,本文提出了一个降低、避免风险的有效措施——构建了一个智能物流决策管理系统,并对该系统进行分析与研究。为了进一步降低物流运输成本,本文对物流配送的最短最优路径算法进行了研究实现。最后,基于湖南德邦物流有限公司的现状,本文提出了一个现代物流系统建设的方案,并对系统建设过程中可能存在的风险进行分析以及制定应对措施。
Now, with economic globalization, the integration process to speed up and the rapid development of science and technology, the logistics enterprises become more and more globalization, large-scale, systematic and information-based. Development of the logistics industry in China experienced a full range of challenges, the face of multinational companies continue to penetrate the Chinese logistics market of the severe situation, the logistics in China should take some effective measures.
Since 2007, the global financial crisis has given a great impact on China’s logistics industry. We have entered into an era of risk management, which ask the enterprise must realize risks, identify risks and learn to control risks. For the enterprises engaged in modern logistics, the risk assessment and management is the basic guarantee of the healthy development and efficient operation. So, we must do more research to the risk management of logistics in the future.
This article initially on the development of domestic and international logistics industry, a comprehensive understanding of the trends in the development of modern logistics as well as the impact of China's modern economy. On the basis, it discusses some problems in the China’s logistics development, especially for the logistics aspects of risk management done a detailed analysis, and we belive that modern logistics company's risks mainly come from the following several parts: select strategic partners, contractual liability, logistics business processes, financial settlement, third party liability and so on. In order to control and reduce risk, we must strengthen the information network construction and scientific management, to make logistics management quick, accurate, scientific and highly efficient. So, this paper proposed a effective measure to reduce and even avoid the risk: build an intelligent logistics Decision Management System. And To further reduce the cost of logistics and transport, this article implements a most optimal and shortest path algorithm of the logistics distribution. Based on the background and current situation of Hunan DeBang Logistics Co., Ltd., it has proposed the schemes of a modern logistics system construction, analyzed the risks and response measures in the process of construction.
引文
[1]青程.中国物流业管理信息化调研发展报告公布[J].2008,(7):33-34
[2]邓凤祥.现代物流成本管理[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004
[3]JohnCoyle, EdwardBardi, JohnLandley.企业物流管理[M].第7版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,55-62
[4]张凡,杨世凤,宋晓哲等.物流自动化管理系统研究.2007年海峡两岸智能运输系统学术研讨会论文集,2007,81-86
[5]南兆旭.哈佛模式——企业物流管理制度[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2002,34-42
[6]约翰科伊尔.企业物流管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003,78-82
[7]国外物流企业发展现状及趋势.国务院发展研究中心网. http://www.drcnet.com.cn/DRCNet.Common.Web/D4&chnId=&version=Integrated&viewMoocView.aspx?docId=1643358&leafId=322de=content,
[8]Marry Jin. Take institutional changes research for logistics development. Thomson Business Press,2001,86-88
[9]RobertLi. Research on the model and index system of international. Competitiveness of Logistics Industry, Transport Logistics,2000,35-38
[10]JonHughes, Mark Ralf, BillMichele. Trans you’re your supply chain-Releasing Valuein Business.International Thoms on Business Press,1998,13-15
[11]Mac Eontaylor. Enterprise management the logistic integration of supplychain[J]. Logistics Information Management,1996,(2):16-21
[12]刘彩虹,胡吉全.中国物流现状与发展[J].物流科技,2004,27(3):1-3
[13]王光玲,张彩霞.中国企业物流发展的问题与对策[J].河北经贸大学学报,2003,12(3):36-40
[14]李桂艳.第三方物流发展中存在的问题及对策[J].物流科技,2004,27(1):21-23
[15]刘雪,张阳.构建中国物流业发展的竞争战略[J].中国流通经济,2003,17(11):18-21
[16]杨叶勇.基于四色Petri网的现代物流建模[J].科技信息(科技教育版),2006,(01):46-50
[17]李岩.RFID电子标签在物流中的应用[J].丝网印刷,2009,(03):23-26
[18]濮小金,司志刚.现代物流[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[19]龚树生,刘开明.我国物流统计发展现状分析[J].中国流通经济,2003,17(1):21-24
[20]李志伟.基于AHP法与BP神经网络的应急物流风险评估与预测模型[J].物流技术,2008,27(09):42-47
[21]姜荣,郝左罗.虚拟物流风险及其控制[J].物流科技,2008,31(5):21-23
[22]冯李汪.全球金融危机对我国物流产业的影响.市场周刊:新物流,2008,(11):47-49
[23]周叔莲,刘戒骄.论应对国际金融危机中调整产业结构的重要性及主攻方向[J].理论前沿,2009,(8):64-68
[24]任豪祥,何黎明.金融危机对中国物流行业的影响及对策.第12届中国物流技术与管理发展高级研讨会,2009,(5):117-120
[25]刘兆国.物流装备业如何应对金融危机[J].物流技术与应用,2008,13(12):13-16
[26]赵一飞,陈国庆.论物流风险.第四届中国国际物流高峰会论文集ISSN1007-1059,2
[27]孟于群.论现代物流的风险与对策[J].中国海商法协会通讯,2003,(2):40-43
[28]齐艳铭.第三方物流风险及保险对策[J].民航管理杂志社:空运商务,2005,(13):21-25
[29]睦辉强,刘开第.物流系统模糊综合评估的新算法[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2008,25(2):14-16
[30]MaLin, Qin Chengde. Multiple Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Logistics Transport. Benefit Science Tehnology and Engineering, 2005,5(16): 89-92
[31]邹敏.第三方物流合约风险管理研究:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文][D].武汉:理工大学,2006
[32]Remko I Vanhok, Rolandvan Dierdonck. Postponed manu facturing supplementary to transportation service. Transportation Research Part E, Anonymous, Hosing Service Providers[J].Transportation & Distribution,2001,36,74-76
[33]MarkA. Vonderembse,Mohit Uppal,SamuelH.huang,etal. Designing supply chains: Towards theory development.Int[J].Production Economics,2006,100:223-238
[34]Basu Vedabrata. Anagency theory model of ERP implementation. Proceedings of theACMSIGMISCPRConference,2004,8-13
[35]肖荣军.基于Web的ERP设计方案[J].工业控制计算机,2004,17(1),1-2
[36]许芸.电子商务模式下的ERP系统[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(7):1091-1092
[37]吴炜.基于GSP的DRP系统的研究和实现:[四川大学硕士学位论文][D].四川:四川大学,2003,8-9
[38]杨焕春.中小药品经营企业GSP信息系统的分析与研究[J].计算机应用技术,2004,9(6):13-15
[39]张成,袁冰,王杰等.条码技术在立体仓库物料管理中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,76-78
[40]HwangH, Halln KHI Anoplimal procurement policy foritem swith an inventory Level dependent demand rate and fixed European[J].Journal of Operational Research 2000,127:537-545
[41]张开碧,刘焕淋.基于现代物流管理的自动化立体仓库系统开发[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(3):124-127
[42]李苏剑,常志明.仓库管理信息系统数据结构的合理设计[J].物流技术,1999,(4):17-19
[43]徐贤浩,马士华.链网络状结构模型中多级库存控制模型[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,(7):68–70
[44]梅雪.电子商务环境下的ERP发展趋势[J].现代情报,2004,(08):102-104
[45]胡永红,钟红.协同商务——未来企业的发展模式系统[J].企业经济,2004,(10):82-83
[46]Jean-Paul Smets-Solanes, Carvalho Carvalho. ERP5:anext-generation, open-source ERP architecture[J]. ITProfessional,2003,5(4):38-44
[47]JohnnyK.C.Ng, W.H.Ip. Web-ERP: the new generation of enterprise resources planning[J].JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,2003,138(3):590-593
[48]罗云,樊运晓,马晓春.风险分析与安全评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社安全科学与工程出版中心,2004,86-87
[49]郭仲伟.风险分析与决策[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[50]美国防务系统管理学院.风险分析与管理指南[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1982,16-25
[51]吴鸣.风险分析与管理[M].北京:人民出版社,1989,3-11
[52]邱菀华.现代项目风险管理方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,54-55
[2]邓凤祥.现代物流成本管理[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004
[3]JohnCoyle, EdwardBardi, JohnLandley.企业物流管理[M].第7版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,55-62
[4]张凡,杨世凤,宋晓哲等.物流自动化管理系统研究.2007年海峡两岸智能运输系统学术研讨会论文集,2007,81-86
[5]南兆旭.哈佛模式——企业物流管理制度[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2002,34-42
[6]约翰科伊尔.企业物流管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003,78-82
[7]国外物流企业发展现状及趋势.国务院发展研究中心网. http://www.drcnet.com.cn/DRCNet.Common.Web/D4&chnId=&version=Integrated&viewMoocView.aspx?docId=1643358&leafId=322de=content,
[8]Marry Jin. Take institutional changes research for logistics development. Thomson Business Press,2001,86-88
[9]RobertLi. Research on the model and index system of international. Competitiveness of Logistics Industry, Transport Logistics,2000,35-38
[10]JonHughes, Mark Ralf, BillMichele. Trans you’re your supply chain-Releasing Valuein Business.International Thoms on Business Press,1998,13-15
[11]Mac Eontaylor. Enterprise management the logistic integration of supplychain[J]. Logistics Information Management,1996,(2):16-21
[12]刘彩虹,胡吉全.中国物流现状与发展[J].物流科技,2004,27(3):1-3
[13]王光玲,张彩霞.中国企业物流发展的问题与对策[J].河北经贸大学学报,2003,12(3):36-40
[14]李桂艳.第三方物流发展中存在的问题及对策[J].物流科技,2004,27(1):21-23
[15]刘雪,张阳.构建中国物流业发展的竞争战略[J].中国流通经济,2003,17(11):18-21
[16]杨叶勇.基于四色Petri网的现代物流建模[J].科技信息(科技教育版),2006,(01):46-50
[17]李岩.RFID电子标签在物流中的应用[J].丝网印刷,2009,(03):23-26
[18]濮小金,司志刚.现代物流[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[19]龚树生,刘开明.我国物流统计发展现状分析[J].中国流通经济,2003,17(1):21-24
[20]李志伟.基于AHP法与BP神经网络的应急物流风险评估与预测模型[J].物流技术,2008,27(09):42-47
[21]姜荣,郝左罗.虚拟物流风险及其控制[J].物流科技,2008,31(5):21-23
[22]冯李汪.全球金融危机对我国物流产业的影响.市场周刊:新物流,2008,(11):47-49
[23]周叔莲,刘戒骄.论应对国际金融危机中调整产业结构的重要性及主攻方向[J].理论前沿,2009,(8):64-68
[24]任豪祥,何黎明.金融危机对中国物流行业的影响及对策.第12届中国物流技术与管理发展高级研讨会,2009,(5):117-120
[25]刘兆国.物流装备业如何应对金融危机[J].物流技术与应用,2008,13(12):13-16
[26]赵一飞,陈国庆.论物流风险.第四届中国国际物流高峰会论文集ISSN1007-1059,2
[27]孟于群.论现代物流的风险与对策[J].中国海商法协会通讯,2003,(2):40-43
[28]齐艳铭.第三方物流风险及保险对策[J].民航管理杂志社:空运商务,2005,(13):21-25
[29]睦辉强,刘开第.物流系统模糊综合评估的新算法[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2008,25(2):14-16
[30]MaLin, Qin Chengde. Multiple Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Logistics Transport. Benefit Science Tehnology and Engineering, 2005,5(16): 89-92
[31]邹敏.第三方物流合约风险管理研究:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文][D].武汉:理工大学,2006
[32]Remko I Vanhok, Rolandvan Dierdonck. Postponed manu facturing supplementary to transportation service. Transportation Research Part E, Anonymous, Hosing Service Providers[J].Transportation & Distribution,2001,36,74-76
[33]MarkA. Vonderembse,Mohit Uppal,SamuelH.huang,etal. Designing supply chains: Towards theory development.Int[J].Production Economics,2006,100:223-238
[34]Basu Vedabrata. Anagency theory model of ERP implementation. Proceedings of theACMSIGMISCPRConference,2004,8-13
[35]肖荣军.基于Web的ERP设计方案[J].工业控制计算机,2004,17(1),1-2
[36]许芸.电子商务模式下的ERP系统[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(7):1091-1092
[37]吴炜.基于GSP的DRP系统的研究和实现:[四川大学硕士学位论文][D].四川:四川大学,2003,8-9
[38]杨焕春.中小药品经营企业GSP信息系统的分析与研究[J].计算机应用技术,2004,9(6):13-15
[39]张成,袁冰,王杰等.条码技术在立体仓库物料管理中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,76-78
[40]HwangH, Halln KHI Anoplimal procurement policy foritem swith an inventory Level dependent demand rate and fixed European[J].Journal of Operational Research 2000,127:537-545
[41]张开碧,刘焕淋.基于现代物流管理的自动化立体仓库系统开发[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(3):124-127
[42]李苏剑,常志明.仓库管理信息系统数据结构的合理设计[J].物流技术,1999,(4):17-19
[43]徐贤浩,马士华.链网络状结构模型中多级库存控制模型[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,(7):68–70
[44]梅雪.电子商务环境下的ERP发展趋势[J].现代情报,2004,(08):102-104
[45]胡永红,钟红.协同商务——未来企业的发展模式系统[J].企业经济,2004,(10):82-83
[46]Jean-Paul Smets-Solanes, Carvalho Carvalho. ERP5:anext-generation, open-source ERP architecture[J]. ITProfessional,2003,5(4):38-44
[47]JohnnyK.C.Ng, W.H.Ip. Web-ERP: the new generation of enterprise resources planning[J].JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,2003,138(3):590-593
[48]罗云,樊运晓,马晓春.风险分析与安全评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社安全科学与工程出版中心,2004,86-87
[49]郭仲伟.风险分析与决策[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[50]美国防务系统管理学院.风险分析与管理指南[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1982,16-25
[51]吴鸣.风险分析与管理[M].北京:人民出版社,1989,3-11
[52]邱菀华.现代项目风险管理方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,54-55