智能代理在电子商务中的应用与研究
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摘要
随着人们生活质量的不断提高，人们已经不再满足于传统的、基于互联网的电子商务模式，而是需要能代替人并且具有一定逻辑推理能力、自学习能力、交流能力的智能化的电子交易模式。因为智能代理具有自主性、交互性、智能性等特点，所有必要将智能代理和电子商务结合起来。
将智能代理应用于电子商务是一个新的课题，国内外在此领域的理论研究还处于起步阶段，还没有成熟的实际系统。在分析、研究和总结了智能代理和电子商务的理论的基础上，本论文主要在以下三方面作了一些研究：1提出了能够应用于电子商务的智能代理框架结构，2为智能决策提出了多阶加权智能算法，3利用JSP开发了一个原型系统。
本文的内容结构如下：
1．本文在总结、分析了诸多对智能代理的描述的基础上，提出了智能代理的框架结构。
2．由于智能代理是要代替顾客去完成任务，因此要分析顾客对商品的喜好，这就需要对顾客过去的购物数据进行分析，然后再对顾客今后的购物行为进行预测，本文对数据的分类、预测等作了介绍。
3．安全认证是电子商务中非常重要的部分，本文也介绍了有关安全认证的理论。
4．在对购物行为的特点进行了仔细的研究后，提出了用于智能决策的多阶加权算法，此算法的特点是：算法简单、计算速度快、实现方便。
5．在多阶加权智能算法的基层上，利用JSP开发一个原型系统。系统采用JSP是因为A．JSP比CGI具有更好的性能和扩展性；B．JSP不需用指定的客户端设置；C．JSP对HTTP会话提供嵌入式支持，使编写更容易。
美国的研究人员已经成功的开发了一套基于智能代理的网上拍卖的原型系统；我国在这方面的研究还处于起步阶段，还有很多工作要做。
With the consecutive improvement of the quality of people's life, People are not satisfied with the traditional e-business, and they need an intelligent e-business, which has the abilities of logical reasoning, self-study and communication. So it is necessary to combine intelligent agent and e-business, for intelligent agent has the traits of self-decision, communication and intelligence.
Applying intelligent agent into e-business is a relatively new subject; the research work of this subject in home and abroad is still in initial stage. There are no mature systems in practice. In this thesis, I put forward three innovative points: 1.putting an intelligent arithmetic; 2.putting forward a framework of intelligent agent; 3.utilizing JSP to develop an original system.
First, I put forward a framework of intelligent agent on the basis of analyzing and summarizing some definitions of intelligent agent. Second, because intelligent agent is to accomplish task in place of clients, it is necessary to classify and relate clients' past shopping date in order to know clients' attitude towards certain commodities. Then we can use the date to predict what kinds of commodities clients will buy. Third, Security authentication is a very important part of e-business, so theory about security authentication is discussed in the thesis. Forth, An intelligent arithmetic is put forward. The arithmetic is simple, easy to be realized, and has a fast computation speed. Finally, I developed an original system with the intelligent arithmetic put forward by me. The development tool is JSP for: A. JSP has better capability and extension than CGI; B.Client Setting is not needed by JSP; CJSP provides embedded support for HTTP dialogue, which makes programming easier.
Some U.S researchers have successfully developed an original system of on-web auction based on intelligent agent. There is, however, still a lot of research work to do.
将智能代理应用于电子商务是一个新的课题，国内外在此领域的理论研究还处于起步阶段，还没有成熟的实际系统。在分析、研究和总结了智能代理和电子商务的理论的基础上，本论文主要在以下三方面作了一些研究：1提出了能够应用于电子商务的智能代理框架结构，2为智能决策提出了多阶加权智能算法，3利用JSP开发了一个原型系统。
本文的内容结构如下：
1．本文在总结、分析了诸多对智能代理的描述的基础上，提出了智能代理的框架结构。
2．由于智能代理是要代替顾客去完成任务，因此要分析顾客对商品的喜好，这就需要对顾客过去的购物数据进行分析，然后再对顾客今后的购物行为进行预测，本文对数据的分类、预测等作了介绍。
3．安全认证是电子商务中非常重要的部分，本文也介绍了有关安全认证的理论。
4．在对购物行为的特点进行了仔细的研究后，提出了用于智能决策的多阶加权算法，此算法的特点是：算法简单、计算速度快、实现方便。
5．在多阶加权智能算法的基层上，利用JSP开发一个原型系统。系统采用JSP是因为A．JSP比CGI具有更好的性能和扩展性；B．JSP不需用指定的客户端设置；C．JSP对HTTP会话提供嵌入式支持，使编写更容易。
美国的研究人员已经成功的开发了一套基于智能代理的网上拍卖的原型系统；我国在这方面的研究还处于起步阶段，还有很多工作要做。
With the consecutive improvement of the quality of people's life, People are not satisfied with the traditional e-business, and they need an intelligent e-business, which has the abilities of logical reasoning, self-study and communication. So it is necessary to combine intelligent agent and e-business, for intelligent agent has the traits of self-decision, communication and intelligence.
Applying intelligent agent into e-business is a relatively new subject; the research work of this subject in home and abroad is still in initial stage. There are no mature systems in practice. In this thesis, I put forward three innovative points: 1.putting an intelligent arithmetic; 2.putting forward a framework of intelligent agent; 3.utilizing JSP to develop an original system.
First, I put forward a framework of intelligent agent on the basis of analyzing and summarizing some definitions of intelligent agent. Second, because intelligent agent is to accomplish task in place of clients, it is necessary to classify and relate clients' past shopping date in order to know clients' attitude towards certain commodities. Then we can use the date to predict what kinds of commodities clients will buy. Third, Security authentication is a very important part of e-business, so theory about security authentication is discussed in the thesis. Forth, An intelligent arithmetic is put forward. The arithmetic is simple, easy to be realized, and has a fast computation speed. Finally, I developed an original system with the intelligent arithmetic put forward by me. The development tool is JSP for: A. JSP has better capability and extension than CGI; B.Client Setting is not needed by JSP; CJSP provides embedded support for HTTP dialogue, which makes programming easier.
Some U.S researchers have successfully developed an original system of on-web auction based on intelligent agent. There is, however, still a lot of research work to do.
引文
[1] Michael Wooldridge;Nicholas R.Jennings[美] ，智能代理者：理论和实践(1)
[2] 夏莉莉，2000研智能代理和协作学习，华东师大教育信息技术系
[3] 王育民、刘建伟，通信网的安全——理论与技术，西安电子科技大学出版社
[4] Phil Hanna[美] ，JSP技术大全，机械工业出版社
[5] 王永骥、涂健，神经元网络控制，机械工业出版社
[6] Jiawei Han、Micheline Kamber，Data Mining Concepts and Techniques，机械工业出版社
[7] 简峥峰、李凌丰、谭建荣、周伟仪，面向电子商务的应用——基于顾客Agent的虚拟商场系统设计，计算机工程 2000
[8] 祁明、卓光辉，多智能代理网络购物系统的设计与分析，计算机工程与设计 2001-06
[9] 徐洁磐、马玉书、范明，知识库系统导论，北京：科学出版社,2000
[10] 史忠植，智能主体及其应用，北京科学出版社,2001
[11] 石纯一、张伟，Agent研究进展2001-5-45
[12] 何炎祥、陈莘萌，Agent和多Agent系统的设计与应用，武汉大学出版社
[13] 王立春、李红兵、陈世福，AODE中的多Agent协商与学习，模式识别与人工智能 2001(9)：347-350
[14] 高济、林东豪，ASOJI：一种基于Agent技术的控制集成方法，模式识别与人工智能 2000(6)：152-158
[15] 邹显春、谢中、周彦晖，电子商务与Web数据挖掘，计算机应用 2001(5)：21-23
[16] 宋敏青，数据挖掘在Web中的研究与应用，现代情报 2002(3)：59-62
[17] 颜跃进、李舟军，陈跃新，多Agent系统体系结构陈跃新．计算机科学，2001(5)：77—81
[18] 夏红霞、赵杨、曹献媛、钟珞，关联规则层次算法的研究与改进，武汉工业大学学报 2000．5
[19] John Ganci[美] 、Peter Kovari[英] 著，袁勤勇、常士楠、陈曦等译，架构电子商务系统实例教程，北京希望电子出版社
[20] 乔智勇、刘志镜，Web数据挖掘系统的设计及实现研究，计算机工程与设计 2002(7)：36-39
[21] 李劲、谢兆阳，电子商务解决方案Site Server3．0，中国青年出版社，2000
[22] 伍晓东，电子商务网络安全至上，网络介绍 2000
[23] 李娟、刘扬，电子商务与商务信息，情报科学 2000(1)
[24] 郭宜斌，电子商务与应用服务器，软件世界 2000(6)
[25] 许大为，电子商务及其安全体系，微型机与应用 2000(6)
[26] 周斌、刘亚萍、吴泉源，一个面向电子商务的数据挖掘系统的设计与实现，计算机工程 2000(1)
[27] 詹江平，SET电子商务中更安全的密钥和证书保护方案，武汉大学学报 2000(3)
[28] 徐鹏、柳箐、王克宏、孟杰，多国语言PDF软件包的设计——Java技术在电子商务领域的应用，微型机与应用 1999(2)
[29] 刘卫宁、宋伟，电子商务中在线支付的安全保障，计算机应用1999(7)
[30] 闫锋、庞建民、王斌、王杰锋，电子商务的安全性及其技术，信息工程学院学报 1999(4)
[31] 李明、袁晓君，Java 计算机语言函数应用，辞学出版社
[32] 刘彦明、李鹏，Java语言基础教程，西安电子科技大学出版社
[33] Bond, A. H. , Gasser, L.Readings of Distributed Artifical Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, 1998
[34] A.Chavez and P. Maes. Kasbah: An agent marketplace for buying and selling goods, In first International Conference on the parctical application of intelligent Agent s and Multi-Agent Technology, 1996,75-90
[35] Lux, Steiner, D.D. Understanding cooperation: an agent's perspective, Proc. Of the First International Conference on Multiagent Systems, San Francisco, 1995
[36] Bonasso,Kortenkamp, Miller and Slack, Experiences with an architecture for intelligent, reactive agent. Intelligent Agents-Proc, Of the 1995 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages(ATAL-95), 1995
[37] Shoham, Y. Agent-Oriented Programming: An overview and summary of recent research. In Proc. Of Artificial Intelligence, 1996
[38] Kraus, S. Negotiation and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Environments, Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,Inc, 1986
[39] Shoham,Y.,Moshe Tennenhoitz,Onsocial laws for artificial agent societies: off-line design. Artificial Intelligence, 1995,73, 231-252
[40] Sandholm,An algorithm for optimal winner determination in combinatorial auctions, WUCS-99-01.Washington University. Dept. of Computer Science, January
[41] Brazier, F.M.T., Dunin-Keplicz, B.M., Jennings, N.R and Treur: J.DESIRE: Modelling
Multi-Agent Systems in a Compositional Formal Framework, Int. Jorunal of Cooperative Information Systems, 1977, 6(1) , 67-94
[42] Charles F. Goldfarb, Paul Prescod, devlopment and application of compute, the implement of internet commerce,2000． 3．
[43] Jansson S, Rasmusson, Simulated social control for secure Internet commerc, On the Trend and Research of the Electronic Commerce.
[44] Suhail Ansari, Ron Kohavi, Llew Mason and Zijian Zheng , Integrating E-Commerce and Data Mining: Architecture and Challenges, WEBKDD'2000．
[45] U. M. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, and P. Smyth, "The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from Volumes of Data" , Communication of the ACM, Vol.39, No.11, 1996, pp. 27-34
[46] Charu C. Aggarwa and Philip S. Yu, Data Mining Techniques for Associations, Clustering and Classification, PAKDD-99, Apirl, 1999．
[2] 夏莉莉，2000研智能代理和协作学习，华东师大教育信息技术系
[3] 王育民、刘建伟，通信网的安全——理论与技术，西安电子科技大学出版社
[4] Phil Hanna[美] ，JSP技术大全，机械工业出版社
[5] 王永骥、涂健，神经元网络控制，机械工业出版社
[6] Jiawei Han、Micheline Kamber，Data Mining Concepts and Techniques，机械工业出版社
[7] 简峥峰、李凌丰、谭建荣、周伟仪，面向电子商务的应用——基于顾客Agent的虚拟商场系统设计，计算机工程 2000
[8] 祁明、卓光辉，多智能代理网络购物系统的设计与分析，计算机工程与设计 2001-06
[9] 徐洁磐、马玉书、范明，知识库系统导论，北京：科学出版社,2000
[10] 史忠植，智能主体及其应用，北京科学出版社,2001
[11] 石纯一、张伟，Agent研究进展2001-5-45
[12] 何炎祥、陈莘萌，Agent和多Agent系统的设计与应用，武汉大学出版社
[13] 王立春、李红兵、陈世福，AODE中的多Agent协商与学习，模式识别与人工智能 2001(9)：347-350
[14] 高济、林东豪，ASOJI：一种基于Agent技术的控制集成方法，模式识别与人工智能 2000(6)：152-158
[15] 邹显春、谢中、周彦晖，电子商务与Web数据挖掘，计算机应用 2001(5)：21-23
[16] 宋敏青，数据挖掘在Web中的研究与应用，现代情报 2002(3)：59-62
[17] 颜跃进、李舟军，陈跃新，多Agent系统体系结构陈跃新．计算机科学，2001(5)：77—81
[18] 夏红霞、赵杨、曹献媛、钟珞，关联规则层次算法的研究与改进，武汉工业大学学报 2000．5
[19] John Ganci[美] 、Peter Kovari[英] 著，袁勤勇、常士楠、陈曦等译，架构电子商务系统实例教程，北京希望电子出版社
[20] 乔智勇、刘志镜，Web数据挖掘系统的设计及实现研究，计算机工程与设计 2002(7)：36-39
[21] 李劲、谢兆阳，电子商务解决方案Site Server3．0，中国青年出版社，2000
[22] 伍晓东，电子商务网络安全至上，网络介绍 2000
[23] 李娟、刘扬，电子商务与商务信息，情报科学 2000(1)
[24] 郭宜斌，电子商务与应用服务器，软件世界 2000(6)
[25] 许大为，电子商务及其安全体系，微型机与应用 2000(6)
[26] 周斌、刘亚萍、吴泉源，一个面向电子商务的数据挖掘系统的设计与实现，计算机工程 2000(1)
[27] 詹江平，SET电子商务中更安全的密钥和证书保护方案，武汉大学学报 2000(3)
[28] 徐鹏、柳箐、王克宏、孟杰，多国语言PDF软件包的设计——Java技术在电子商务领域的应用，微型机与应用 1999(2)
[29] 刘卫宁、宋伟，电子商务中在线支付的安全保障，计算机应用1999(7)
[30] 闫锋、庞建民、王斌、王杰锋，电子商务的安全性及其技术，信息工程学院学报 1999(4)
[31] 李明、袁晓君，Java 计算机语言函数应用，辞学出版社
[32] 刘彦明、李鹏，Java语言基础教程，西安电子科技大学出版社
[33] Bond, A. H. , Gasser, L.Readings of Distributed Artifical Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, 1998
[34] A.Chavez and P. Maes. Kasbah: An agent marketplace for buying and selling goods, In first International Conference on the parctical application of intelligent Agent s and Multi-Agent Technology, 1996,75-90
[35] Lux, Steiner, D.D. Understanding cooperation: an agent's perspective, Proc. Of the First International Conference on Multiagent Systems, San Francisco, 1995
[36] Bonasso,Kortenkamp, Miller and Slack, Experiences with an architecture for intelligent, reactive agent. Intelligent Agents-Proc, Of the 1995 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages(ATAL-95), 1995
[37] Shoham, Y. Agent-Oriented Programming: An overview and summary of recent research. In Proc. Of Artificial Intelligence, 1996
[38] Kraus, S. Negotiation and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Environments, Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,Inc, 1986
[39] Shoham,Y.,Moshe Tennenhoitz,Onsocial laws for artificial agent societies: off-line design. Artificial Intelligence, 1995,73, 231-252
[40] Sandholm,An algorithm for optimal winner determination in combinatorial auctions, WUCS-99-01.Washington University. Dept. of Computer Science, January
[41] Brazier, F.M.T., Dunin-Keplicz, B.M., Jennings, N.R and Treur: J.DESIRE: Modelling
Multi-Agent Systems in a Compositional Formal Framework, Int. Jorunal of Cooperative Information Systems, 1977, 6(1) , 67-94
[42] Charles F. Goldfarb, Paul Prescod, devlopment and application of compute, the implement of internet commerce,2000． 3．
[43] Jansson S, Rasmusson, Simulated social control for secure Internet commerc, On the Trend and Research of the Electronic Commerce.
[44] Suhail Ansari, Ron Kohavi, Llew Mason and Zijian Zheng , Integrating E-Commerce and Data Mining: Architecture and Challenges, WEBKDD'2000．
[45] U. M. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, and P. Smyth, "The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from Volumes of Data" , Communication of the ACM, Vol.39, No.11, 1996, pp. 27-34
[46] Charu C. Aggarwa and Philip S. Yu, Data Mining Techniques for Associations, Clustering and Classification, PAKDD-99, Apirl, 1999．