独立式光伏逆变电源的研究
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摘要
随着人类对能源的需求日益增加,化石能源的储量正日趋枯竭。能源需求、环境保护和社会发展的巨大压力使大力开发太阳能资源变得尤为重要。与传统的高压远距离输电系统相比,利用我国西部地区丰富的太阳能资源发展独立式光伏发电系统更具有现实意义。
本文在综合国内外有关文献的基础上,介绍了光伏发电和开关电源技术(包括蓄电池充放电和逆变技术)的发展现状和趋势,并结合这两种技术设计了可广泛用于无电或缺电地区的独立式光伏逆变电源。
为了充分利用太阳电池的输出能量,针对太阳电池的特性,本文设计了升压转换电路和扰动控制方法相结合的装置控制太阳电池的工作点,实现光伏发电的最大功率跟踪。根据蓄电池充放电要求基于反激式变换电路设计了可以实现蓄电池分阶段充电的充电电路和推挽式放电电路。为了提供高质量高可靠性的正弦波,采用PI调节和电压电流双环反馈控制方式对半桥式逆变电路进行控制。
基于MATLAB仿真软件建立了最大功率跟踪系统的仿真模型,对控制策略进行了仿真,验证了其可行性。以PIC单片机为控制核心实现蓄电池的充放电控制和逆变器控制波形的产生。实验结果表明,系统能够实现蓄电池的充放电控制并产生较好的正弦波。
Along with the increasing demand for energy sources, fossil source is dying up. It is more and more important to speed up the progress of photovoltaic (PV) source usage under the great pressure of energy demand, environment protection and society development. Compare with the conventional far-off transmission system, detached photovoltaic system is more practical.
The development actuality and trend of photovoltaic generation and switch mode power supply technology (including battery charge/discharge and inverter) are mentioned in this paper. Based on these technologies, a detached photovoltaic power supply is designed.
In order to take full advantage of the solar battery output energy, according to the characteristic of PV array, a boost converter and perturbation and observation method are used for the control of photovoltaic maximum power point tracking, thus the PV array operate at the maximum power point. The fly back converter and pull-push converter used for battery charging/discharging are designed to meet the requirement of charging/discharging process. To improve the quality of the output, PI adjustment and voltage/current feedback are adopted to control the half-bridge inverter.
Simulation modules are established for the control strategy with MATLAB, and validate its feasibility. The whole control process is finished on the basis of MCU (Micro-programmed Control Unit), including the control of storage battery charge/discharge and the generation of inverter control signal.
本文在综合国内外有关文献的基础上,介绍了光伏发电和开关电源技术(包括蓄电池充放电和逆变技术)的发展现状和趋势,并结合这两种技术设计了可广泛用于无电或缺电地区的独立式光伏逆变电源。
为了充分利用太阳电池的输出能量,针对太阳电池的特性,本文设计了升压转换电路和扰动控制方法相结合的装置控制太阳电池的工作点,实现光伏发电的最大功率跟踪。根据蓄电池充放电要求基于反激式变换电路设计了可以实现蓄电池分阶段充电的充电电路和推挽式放电电路。为了提供高质量高可靠性的正弦波,采用PI调节和电压电流双环反馈控制方式对半桥式逆变电路进行控制。
基于MATLAB仿真软件建立了最大功率跟踪系统的仿真模型,对控制策略进行了仿真,验证了其可行性。以PIC单片机为控制核心实现蓄电池的充放电控制和逆变器控制波形的产生。实验结果表明,系统能够实现蓄电池的充放电控制并产生较好的正弦波。
Along with the increasing demand for energy sources, fossil source is dying up. It is more and more important to speed up the progress of photovoltaic (PV) source usage under the great pressure of energy demand, environment protection and society development. Compare with the conventional far-off transmission system, detached photovoltaic system is more practical.
The development actuality and trend of photovoltaic generation and switch mode power supply technology (including battery charge/discharge and inverter) are mentioned in this paper. Based on these technologies, a detached photovoltaic power supply is designed.
In order to take full advantage of the solar battery output energy, according to the characteristic of PV array, a boost converter and perturbation and observation method are used for the control of photovoltaic maximum power point tracking, thus the PV array operate at the maximum power point. The fly back converter and pull-push converter used for battery charging/discharging are designed to meet the requirement of charging/discharging process. To improve the quality of the output, PI adjustment and voltage/current feedback are adopted to control the half-bridge inverter.
Simulation modules are established for the control strategy with MATLAB, and validate its feasibility. The whole control process is finished on the basis of MCU (Micro-programmed Control Unit), including the control of storage battery charge/discharge and the generation of inverter control signal.
引文
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[2]Keith Billings著,张占松,汪仁煌,谢丽萍译.开关电源手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.12
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[4]王其英,刘秀荣.新型不停电电源(UPS)的管理使用与维护.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.6
[5]赵良炳.现代电力电子技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[6]王兆安,黄俊主编.电力电子技术(第四版).北京:机械工业出版社,2007.2
[7](日)卢川治朗著,高玉苹,唐伯雁,李大寨译.实用电源电路设计.北京:科学出版社,2006
[8]陈永珍.电容器及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
[9]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,袁立强.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
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[12]Abraham著,王志强等译.开关电源设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.9
[13]毛常亮,殳国华,张仕文.基于68HC08 MCU的智能充电器的设计.电力电子技术,2007.41(7),45-49
[14]赵宏,潘俊民.基于Boost电路的光伏电池最大功率点跟踪系统.电力电子技术,2004.38(3),55-57
[15]陈小敏,黄声华,万山明.基于UC3843的反激式开关电源反馈电路的设计.通信电源技术,2006.23(5),38-43
[16]陈家洸.RCD箝位反激变换器的设计与实现.通信电源技术,2002.5,1-3,6
[17]韩微,李良光,张运乾.一种双变换器UPS拓扑结构的研究.电气应用,2007.26(1),69-72
[18]刘永红.一种带有UPS功能的多路输出电源的设计.电源技术应用,2007.10(2),46-48
[19]周永鹏,张琦,黄锦恩.基于DSP的大功率UPS逆变系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2005(06)
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[21]谭光慧,陈溪,魏晓霞,王建,纪延超.基于改进SPWM控制的新型单级BUCK-BOOST 逆变器.中国电机工程学报,2007.27(16),65-71
[22]东栋,何向涛,刘建政.用MCS-51实现UPS电源SPWM控制的一种方法.通信电源技术,2007.24(1),1-4
[23]陈建富,梁从主,赵兴国.用于光伏系统的DC/DC模块化变换器研制.电力电子技术,2006.40(6),40-42
[24]丁海洋,屈克庆,吴春华,宋文祥,陈国呈.光伏发电系统充电控制策略研究.电气传动,2006.36(12),3-6,42
[25]李网生,夏贤江,周建春,李炜.新型能源模块大功率充电机的设计.电力电子技术,2003.37(2),23-26
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[27]王庆章,赵庚申,许盛之,李统福,王瑜.光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪控制方法研究.南 开大学学报(自然科学版),2005.38(6),74-79
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[29]郑诗程,丁明,苏建徽.户用光伏发电并网系统的研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,2005.39(1),55-57
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[41]欧阳名三,余世杰,沈玉樑.采用单片机的太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪控制器.电子技术,2002.,12,49-51
[42]郑峰,杨旭,王兆安.基于双SG3525的半桥同步整流电路.电力电子技术,2003,37(6),80-82
[43]王正,朱兴动,张六弢.UC3843控制多路输出开关电源设计与实现.航空计算技术,2004,34(2),88-90
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