大功率智能充电器与开关稳压电源的研究及设计
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摘要
常规铅酸蓄电池充电器充电控制策略过于简单,容易造成过充、欠充,缩短电池的使用寿命,而且多采用小电流慢充方式,导致充电时间长,效率低,使用很不方便。我国市场上所谓的数字式开关电源一般其实只具有数字显示,其内部的控制系统还是普遍采用模拟控制,存在控制电路复杂、调试灵活性差、抗干扰能力差、输出电压电流调节不方便等固有缺点。
另一方面,目前对铅酸蓄电池充电器和数字开关稳压电源的研究都是独立的,人们使用的铅酸蓄电池充电器只能给蓄电池充电,开关稳压电源也只有稳压的功能,不具备对蓄电池的充电功能。
本文对一体化大功率铅酸蓄电池智能充电器和数字开关稳压电源进行了研究和设计,主要内容如下:
1.分析了目前铅酸蓄电池充电器和开关稳压电源中存在的各种不足,指出了本论文研究和设计工作的意义。
2.对电源系统的主电路进行了设计,利用工作原理对主电路的各组成部分的关键元件(电感、电容、二极管、MOSFET等)的参数进行理论计算。
3.设计了基于P89LPC933 MCU和PWM专用芯片SG3525的智能控制电路,具有完善的稳压稳流、电流电压采样、保护电路、声光报警、人机界面等功能。
4.对整个电源系统的软件结构按模块功能进行了规划设计,在消化了国内外铅酸蓄电池充电技术的基础上,采用了一种铅酸蓄电池四阶段的充电策略。
5.深入分析了电源系统中各种电磁干扰的来源以及可能引起的后果,对电源系统的硬件抗干扰技术和软件抗干扰技术进行了深入的研究。使整个电源系统有较好的电磁兼容性。提出了一种基于程序模块间的远程拦截技术的软件可靠性设计方法。
6.详细地介绍了整机电路中关键元器件和关键电路的调试方法,对系统的充电和稳压效果进行了测试,以及老化测试,耐压和输出短路测试等。
最后文章对全文进行了总结,并提出了若干有待进一步深入研究的问题。
Because the charge control strategy of the conventional lead-acid battery charger falling behind, it leaded to charging over or charging short fall, which caused shorten the service life of the battery, what's more, the conventional lead-acid battery charger used the little current slow sufficient way, it caused the charge time lengthened but the efficiency lowed, the use of it inconvenient. The digital Switching Power Supply in our market actually only has digital demonstration, the inner control system usually use analogy control, which exist some shortcoming, such as the control of the electric circuit become complex, the debugging flexibility and anti-jamming ability become lowed, the adjustment of the output voltage and current inconvenient etc.
At present the research on the lead-acid battery charger and Switching Power Supply is independent, the lead-acid battery charger only charges accumulator cell, the Switching Power Supply only has constant voltage function, it can't charge accumulator cell.
The paper carries on research and design on the integration high efficiency lead-acid battery intelligent charger and digital Switching Power Supply, the main content as follows:
1. Analyzed the shortcoming of the lead-acid battery charger and digital Switching Power Supply at present, pointed out the significance of the research and design work.
2. Designed the main electric circuit of the power supply system, based on the work theory, finished the theory computation of the key component(inductance, electric capacity, diode, MOSFET etc.) of each constituent in the main electric circuit.
3. Designed the intelligent control electric circuit based on single chip computer P89LPC933 and PWM chip SG3525A, which has the consummated function of voltage-stabilized and current-stabilized, electric voltage and current sampling, protect electric circuit, acousto-optic warning and man-machine contact surface etc.
4. Designed the software construct of the whole power supply system based on the module function, in foundation of catching the lead-acid battery charger technology, giving out the lead-acid battery four stage charge control strategy.
5. Deeply analyzed the origin of each kind EMI and the consequence caused by it, also carried on deeply research on hardware and software anti-jamming technology in the power supply system, which made the whole power supply system have better electromagnetic compatibility. Statement a software reliable design method based on long-distance interception technology between the program module.
6. Introduced the key component in the complete machine and the debugging method in the key electric circuit detailed, tested the voltage-stabilized and charger effect of the system and the aging , pressure resistance , output short circuit problem etc.
Finally, give a summary of the paper and present some advices to further research.
另一方面,目前对铅酸蓄电池充电器和数字开关稳压电源的研究都是独立的,人们使用的铅酸蓄电池充电器只能给蓄电池充电,开关稳压电源也只有稳压的功能,不具备对蓄电池的充电功能。
本文对一体化大功率铅酸蓄电池智能充电器和数字开关稳压电源进行了研究和设计,主要内容如下:
1.分析了目前铅酸蓄电池充电器和开关稳压电源中存在的各种不足,指出了本论文研究和设计工作的意义。
2.对电源系统的主电路进行了设计,利用工作原理对主电路的各组成部分的关键元件(电感、电容、二极管、MOSFET等)的参数进行理论计算。
3.设计了基于P89LPC933 MCU和PWM专用芯片SG3525的智能控制电路,具有完善的稳压稳流、电流电压采样、保护电路、声光报警、人机界面等功能。
4.对整个电源系统的软件结构按模块功能进行了规划设计,在消化了国内外铅酸蓄电池充电技术的基础上,采用了一种铅酸蓄电池四阶段的充电策略。
5.深入分析了电源系统中各种电磁干扰的来源以及可能引起的后果,对电源系统的硬件抗干扰技术和软件抗干扰技术进行了深入的研究。使整个电源系统有较好的电磁兼容性。提出了一种基于程序模块间的远程拦截技术的软件可靠性设计方法。
6.详细地介绍了整机电路中关键元器件和关键电路的调试方法,对系统的充电和稳压效果进行了测试,以及老化测试,耐压和输出短路测试等。
最后文章对全文进行了总结,并提出了若干有待进一步深入研究的问题。
Because the charge control strategy of the conventional lead-acid battery charger falling behind, it leaded to charging over or charging short fall, which caused shorten the service life of the battery, what's more, the conventional lead-acid battery charger used the little current slow sufficient way, it caused the charge time lengthened but the efficiency lowed, the use of it inconvenient. The digital Switching Power Supply in our market actually only has digital demonstration, the inner control system usually use analogy control, which exist some shortcoming, such as the control of the electric circuit become complex, the debugging flexibility and anti-jamming ability become lowed, the adjustment of the output voltage and current inconvenient etc.
At present the research on the lead-acid battery charger and Switching Power Supply is independent, the lead-acid battery charger only charges accumulator cell, the Switching Power Supply only has constant voltage function, it can't charge accumulator cell.
The paper carries on research and design on the integration high efficiency lead-acid battery intelligent charger and digital Switching Power Supply, the main content as follows:
1. Analyzed the shortcoming of the lead-acid battery charger and digital Switching Power Supply at present, pointed out the significance of the research and design work.
2. Designed the main electric circuit of the power supply system, based on the work theory, finished the theory computation of the key component(inductance, electric capacity, diode, MOSFET etc.) of each constituent in the main electric circuit.
3. Designed the intelligent control electric circuit based on single chip computer P89LPC933 and PWM chip SG3525A, which has the consummated function of voltage-stabilized and current-stabilized, electric voltage and current sampling, protect electric circuit, acousto-optic warning and man-machine contact surface etc.
4. Designed the software construct of the whole power supply system based on the module function, in foundation of catching the lead-acid battery charger technology, giving out the lead-acid battery four stage charge control strategy.
5. Deeply analyzed the origin of each kind EMI and the consequence caused by it, also carried on deeply research on hardware and software anti-jamming technology in the power supply system, which made the whole power supply system have better electromagnetic compatibility. Statement a software reliable design method based on long-distance interception technology between the program module.
6. Introduced the key component in the complete machine and the debugging method in the key electric circuit detailed, tested the voltage-stabilized and charger effect of the system and the aging , pressure resistance , output short circuit problem etc.
Finally, give a summary of the paper and present some advices to further research.
引文
[1]黄峰.12V阀控密封铅酸蓄电池智能充电器研发[D].杭州.浙江大学,2007.
[2]付胤荣,大功率智能充电器的研究与设计[D],广州:广东工业大学,2007.
[3]胡菊芳,潘永雄,熊春如,胡敏强.基于P89LPC933的大功率智能充电器的设计[J].电子技术应用,2007,12:152-158.
[4]谢秀镯.基于DSP的智能通信开关电源设计及开发[D].大连.大连理工大学,2007.
[5]周震宇,张军明,钱照明.基于PIC单片机的数字式智能铅酸电池充电器的设计[J].电源技术应用,2006,6:18-21.
[6]王鸿麟,景占荣.通信基础电源(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[7]崔德友.基于DSP控制的PWM型开关电源的研究与开发[D].大连.大连理工大学,2006.
[8]邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[9]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[10]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础(模拟部分)(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[11]Abraham I.Pressman,王志强等译.开关电源设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[12]王增福.软开关电源原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社[M],2006.
[13]Fairchild semicondutor international.FQA24N50 500V N-Channel MOSFET,April 2000.
[14]广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.P89LPC933/934/935/936 Flash单片机使用指南.www.zlgmau.com.
[15]Ω Semiconductor Components Industries.SG3525A Pulse Width Modulator Control Circuit.July 2001.
[16]徐奕然.脉宽调制电路SG3525AN原理与应用[J].电视技术,2003,9:95-97.
[17]王玉琴.智化压大电流开关电源的制[D].大连.大连海事大学,2005.
[18]Hua Chih-Chiang,LinMeng-Yu,A study of Charging Control of Lead-Acid Battery for Electric Vehicles[A].Industrial Electronics.ISIE 2000.Proceedings of the 2000IEEE Interntaional Symposium Volume[C].2000,135-140.
[19]Cope R C Podrazhansky Y.The Art of Battery Charging[A].Battery Conference on Applictaion and Advances,1999.The Fourteenth Annual[C].1999,233-235.
[20]许锦旋,开关电源高频变压器的设计与研究[D],广州:广东工业大学,2007.
[21]潘永雄.新编单片机原理与应用(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[22]Ron Lenk著,王正仕,张军民译.实用开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[23]张占松,蔡宣三编著.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[24]陈鸣.作为锂电池充电器的开关电源的设计与研制[D].成都.电子科技大学,2007.
[25]M.Milanovic,J.Korelic,A.Hren,et al.The RC-RCD clamp circuit for fly-back converter.Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2005.University of Zagreb:2005,Vol.2:547-552.
[26]M.Kusma,T.Jarvelainen,P.Silventoinen.Analyzing voltage ripple in variable-frequency DC/DC Boost converter.Conference on Intergrated Power Electronics Systems.The 35~(th)IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Aachen(Germany):2004,Vol.2:1085-1089.
[27]Xiaojun Huang,Jian Gong,Jiqing Huang.A novel Three-Phase Fly-back Single-Stage rectifier with Single-Pulse Soft-Switching.Communication and Information Technology,2005.International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies 2005.Beijing(China):October 12-14 2005,Vol.2:1005-1008.
[28]Chen Jiaxin.Energy Self-holding in flyback switching de-de converters.ICEMS 2005 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.Nanjing(China):Sept 27-29 2005,Vol.2:1194-1197.
[29]Acacio M.R.Amaral,Cardoso A.J.Marques.Fault diagnosis on Switch-mode powersupplies operating in discontinuous mode.Second IEE International Conference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives.University of Edinburgh(UK):2004,Vol.1: 197-202.
[30]长谷川彰[日],何希才译.开关稳压电源的设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[31]杨晋,蔡丽娟.数字技术在开关电源控制中的应用和发展[J].开关电源技术,2006,(2):6-8.
[2]付胤荣,大功率智能充电器的研究与设计[D],广州:广东工业大学,2007.
[3]胡菊芳,潘永雄,熊春如,胡敏强.基于P89LPC933的大功率智能充电器的设计[J].电子技术应用,2007,12:152-158.
[4]谢秀镯.基于DSP的智能通信开关电源设计及开发[D].大连.大连理工大学,2007.
[5]周震宇,张军明,钱照明.基于PIC单片机的数字式智能铅酸电池充电器的设计[J].电源技术应用,2006,6:18-21.
[6]王鸿麟,景占荣.通信基础电源(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[7]崔德友.基于DSP控制的PWM型开关电源的研究与开发[D].大连.大连理工大学,2006.
[8]邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[9]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[10]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础(模拟部分)(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[11]Abraham I.Pressman,王志强等译.开关电源设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[12]王增福.软开关电源原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社[M],2006.
[13]Fairchild semicondutor international.FQA24N50 500V N-Channel MOSFET,April 2000.
[14]广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.P89LPC933/934/935/936 Flash单片机使用指南.www.zlgmau.com.
[15]Ω Semiconductor Components Industries.SG3525A Pulse Width Modulator Control Circuit.July 2001.
[16]徐奕然.脉宽调制电路SG3525AN原理与应用[J].电视技术,2003,9:95-97.
[17]王玉琴.智化压大电流开关电源的制[D].大连.大连海事大学,2005.
[18]Hua Chih-Chiang,LinMeng-Yu,A study of Charging Control of Lead-Acid Battery for Electric Vehicles[A].Industrial Electronics.ISIE 2000.Proceedings of the 2000IEEE Interntaional Symposium Volume[C].2000,135-140.
[19]Cope R C Podrazhansky Y.The Art of Battery Charging[A].Battery Conference on Applictaion and Advances,1999.The Fourteenth Annual[C].1999,233-235.
[20]许锦旋,开关电源高频变压器的设计与研究[D],广州:广东工业大学,2007.
[21]潘永雄.新编单片机原理与应用(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[22]Ron Lenk著,王正仕,张军民译.实用开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[23]张占松,蔡宣三编著.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[24]陈鸣.作为锂电池充电器的开关电源的设计与研制[D].成都.电子科技大学,2007.
[25]M.Milanovic,J.Korelic,A.Hren,et al.The RC-RCD clamp circuit for fly-back converter.Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2005.University of Zagreb:2005,Vol.2:547-552.
[26]M.Kusma,T.Jarvelainen,P.Silventoinen.Analyzing voltage ripple in variable-frequency DC/DC Boost converter.Conference on Intergrated Power Electronics Systems.The 35~(th)IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Aachen(Germany):2004,Vol.2:1085-1089.
[27]Xiaojun Huang,Jian Gong,Jiqing Huang.A novel Three-Phase Fly-back Single-Stage rectifier with Single-Pulse Soft-Switching.Communication and Information Technology,2005.International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies 2005.Beijing(China):October 12-14 2005,Vol.2:1005-1008.
[28]Chen Jiaxin.Energy Self-holding in flyback switching de-de converters.ICEMS 2005 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.Nanjing(China):Sept 27-29 2005,Vol.2:1194-1197.
[29]Acacio M.R.Amaral,Cardoso A.J.Marques.Fault diagnosis on Switch-mode powersupplies operating in discontinuous mode.Second IEE International Conference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives.University of Edinburgh(UK):2004,Vol.1: 197-202.
[30]长谷川彰[日],何希才译.开关稳压电源的设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[31]杨晋,蔡丽娟.数字技术在开关电源控制中的应用和发展[J].开关电源技术,2006,(2):6-8.