基于模糊控制的矿灯充电管理系统
摘要
目前锂离子(Li-ion)电池矿灯、镍镉(NiCd)电池矿灯、镍氢(NiMH)电池矿灯已经成为大多数煤矿的主要矿灯。它们的充电制式不同,造成它们的充电器不能相互之间进行充电,否则将导致电池不能充满,或电池过充,甚至发生危险。
随着充电电池新技术的不断涌现,智能控制技术的成熟应用,电子控制技术的进一步发展,使矿灯充电管理系统的智能化、信息化成为必然趋势。因此,设计一种新型的基于模糊控制的矿灯充电管理系统具有十分重要的现实意义和理论价值。
首先,本文对矿灯充电管理系统的硬件电路作了深入的分析。以Atmel公司的AVR单片机ATmega128为微处理器,设计出充电电池的智能控制系统,此系统先进行充电电池端电压数据采集、经过放大滤波后送入单片机的A/D转换器、再经过模糊控制器的控制回路处理后输出PWM信号、通过调理电路调节充电电流;同时设计了RS485通信回路实现了与监控计算机的数据传输;最后给出了基于MAX846A控制芯片的的矿灯充电电路设计。
其次,本文给出了系统的软件设计,主要有数据采集软件、充电模糊控制器软件、实时时钟软件以及采用MODBUS协议的RS485通信软件等设计。实时时钟软件利用了单片机内部的定时器来设计,简化了硬件电路设计。本文对AVR单片机ATmega128的开发环境、高级编程语言、编程器和ATmega128单片机的熔丝位配置也做了一定的研究。
最后,经过硬件设计和组装、软件调试,系统运行良好,符合设计要求,提高了矿灯充电电池的充电效率。随着控制技术和充电电池技术的不断进步,所设计的充电管理系统也能够得到及时的升级。
该充电智能管理系统可靠性较以前有很大的提高,延长了电池的使用寿命,降低了充电故障和运行成本,并且实现了系统信息数据的科学化管理。
Now Li-ion battery, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries have been used in most coal miner’s lamps. The dissimilarities of the three kinds of chemical charteristics result in the chargers of the three lamps can’t refresh the other two lamps, otherwise it may lead to the batteries can’t be full charged, or overfull charged, even the danger will take place.
With the appearance of the new charging technology, the mature application of intelligent control and the further development of electronical control technology, the intelligentizing and informatization of the charge supervised system of coal miner’s lamps is a inevitable trend. Therefore, the design of a new charge supervised system of coal miner’s lamps based on fuzzy control has very important practical significance and theoretical value.
Firstly, the dissertation focuses on the hardwired design of the charge system. Using AVR monolithic processor ATmega128 of Atmel Company as microprocessor, the paper designs the intelligent control system of the charged battery. First of all, the system carries on the data sampling of the battery’s terminal voltage, sends to the monolithic processor’s A/D converter after amplifying and filtering, then outputs the PWM signal through the processing of the fuzzy controller’s control loop, and adjusts the charging current through adjusting circuit ,also the paper designs RS485 bus communication circuit and realizes the data transmission with the supervisory computer, lastly, the thesis gives the circuit design of the coal mine’s lamps based on the chip MAX846A.
Secondly, the dissertation introduces the software design of the system, including data sampling software, fuzzy controller of charging software, the real time clock software and the RS-485 communication software under the circumstance of MODBUS protocol, etc. The program of real time clock applies the microprocessor’s internal 8-bit timer/counter and the advantage lies in that it makes the system circuit simplification. Furthermore, this paper does some research on the development environment, the high-level programming language, the programmer and the fuse bits configuration of the AVR 8-bit microcontroller ATmega128.
Finally, the product runs well through a set of hardware design and assembling, software debugging and testing, meets the needs of users, and improves the charging efficiency of the coal miner’s lamp batteries. With the continuous progress of control and charging technology, the product can be upgraded in time.
The product is more reliable than the former, makes the battery natural life longer, reduces the charging malfunction and production cost and realizes scientific management in information data of the system.
随着充电电池新技术的不断涌现,智能控制技术的成熟应用,电子控制技术的进一步发展,使矿灯充电管理系统的智能化、信息化成为必然趋势。因此,设计一种新型的基于模糊控制的矿灯充电管理系统具有十分重要的现实意义和理论价值。
首先,本文对矿灯充电管理系统的硬件电路作了深入的分析。以Atmel公司的AVR单片机ATmega128为微处理器,设计出充电电池的智能控制系统,此系统先进行充电电池端电压数据采集、经过放大滤波后送入单片机的A/D转换器、再经过模糊控制器的控制回路处理后输出PWM信号、通过调理电路调节充电电流;同时设计了RS485通信回路实现了与监控计算机的数据传输;最后给出了基于MAX846A控制芯片的的矿灯充电电路设计。
其次,本文给出了系统的软件设计,主要有数据采集软件、充电模糊控制器软件、实时时钟软件以及采用MODBUS协议的RS485通信软件等设计。实时时钟软件利用了单片机内部的定时器来设计,简化了硬件电路设计。本文对AVR单片机ATmega128的开发环境、高级编程语言、编程器和ATmega128单片机的熔丝位配置也做了一定的研究。
最后,经过硬件设计和组装、软件调试,系统运行良好,符合设计要求,提高了矿灯充电电池的充电效率。随着控制技术和充电电池技术的不断进步,所设计的充电管理系统也能够得到及时的升级。
该充电智能管理系统可靠性较以前有很大的提高,延长了电池的使用寿命,降低了充电故障和运行成本,并且实现了系统信息数据的科学化管理。
Now Li-ion battery, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries have been used in most coal miner’s lamps. The dissimilarities of the three kinds of chemical charteristics result in the chargers of the three lamps can’t refresh the other two lamps, otherwise it may lead to the batteries can’t be full charged, or overfull charged, even the danger will take place.
With the appearance of the new charging technology, the mature application of intelligent control and the further development of electronical control technology, the intelligentizing and informatization of the charge supervised system of coal miner’s lamps is a inevitable trend. Therefore, the design of a new charge supervised system of coal miner’s lamps based on fuzzy control has very important practical significance and theoretical value.
Firstly, the dissertation focuses on the hardwired design of the charge system. Using AVR monolithic processor ATmega128 of Atmel Company as microprocessor, the paper designs the intelligent control system of the charged battery. First of all, the system carries on the data sampling of the battery’s terminal voltage, sends to the monolithic processor’s A/D converter after amplifying and filtering, then outputs the PWM signal through the processing of the fuzzy controller’s control loop, and adjusts the charging current through adjusting circuit ,also the paper designs RS485 bus communication circuit and realizes the data transmission with the supervisory computer, lastly, the thesis gives the circuit design of the coal mine’s lamps based on the chip MAX846A.
Secondly, the dissertation introduces the software design of the system, including data sampling software, fuzzy controller of charging software, the real time clock software and the RS-485 communication software under the circumstance of MODBUS protocol, etc. The program of real time clock applies the microprocessor’s internal 8-bit timer/counter and the advantage lies in that it makes the system circuit simplification. Furthermore, this paper does some research on the development environment, the high-level programming language, the programmer and the fuse bits configuration of the AVR 8-bit microcontroller ATmega128.
Finally, the product runs well through a set of hardware design and assembling, software debugging and testing, meets the needs of users, and improves the charging efficiency of the coal miner’s lamp batteries. With the continuous progress of control and charging technology, the product can be upgraded in time.
The product is more reliable than the former, makes the battery natural life longer, reduces the charging malfunction and production cost and realizes scientific management in information data of the system.
引文
1 邱华州.计算机控制矿灯充电架.黑龙江自动化技术与应用,1994,(2):77~80
2 周志敏.充电器电路设计与应用.人民邮电出版社,2005
3 路秋生.常用充电器电路与应用.机械工业出版社,2005
4 段晓飞.内含充放电控制与保护系统的半导体照明矿灯设计,国外电子元器件,2005,(2):7~9
5 王落胜.矿用智能充电机及其试验效果.山西煤炭,2002,(12):47~48
6 李人厚.智能控制理论和方法. 西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
7 张吉礼.模糊-神经网络控制原理与工程应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004
8 罗 均.智能控制工程及其应用实例.化学工业出版社,2005
9 刘宝泉.智能充电器设计与实现.西北工业大学硕士论文,2004,(3):15~25
10 田进.基于模糊控制的智能充电器的设计与实现.西北工业大学硕士论文,2005,(3):32~40
11 邵强.智能电池及其充放电管理系统.郑州大学硕士论文,2005,(5):6~9
12 李 国 厚 , 冯 启 高 . 基 于 单 片 机 的 智 能 充 电 器 设 计 . 仪 表 技 术 , 2001,(1):34~35
13 胡俊达,胡忠望.可充电电池智能测试系统的设计.电池,2003,(10):314~315
14 李敬兆.基于模糊控制的轻型智能充电装置.煤炭科学技术,2001,(7):38~41
15 吴 宇.KJ96X-II 矿灯信息管理系统.济宁高科股份有限公司,2004
16 班建民.电池充电状态智能测试系统的设计.微计算机信息,2005,(19):72~74
17 边增远,曾碧.模糊控制技术实现万能充电器.电子技术,2004,(12):56~58
18 余永权,曾 碧.单片机模糊逻辑控制.北京航空航天大学出版社,1995:24~38
19 Hsieh.G.-C,Chen.L-R,Huang.K.-S.Fuzzy-controlled Li-ion battery charge system with active state-of-charge controller.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2001,(6):585~594
20 Hsieh . Guan-Chyun , Chen . Liang-Rui , Huang . Kuo-Shun . Fuzzy-controlled active state-of-charge controller for fasting the charging behavior of Li-ion battery.IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), 1999,(11):400~405
21 Yuang-Shung.Lee,Chii-Wen Jao.Fuzzy Controlled Lithium-Ion Battery Equalization with state-of-charge Estimuator . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2003,(6):335~342
22 Rahim.N.A,Mekhilef.S,Chan.E.L, Ping.H.W.Fuzzy-controlled battery charger state-of-charge controller.Int J Modell Simul, 2006,(2):106~111
23 Khaehintung. Noppadol,Pramotung. Krisada,Sirisuk.Phaophak.RISC microcontroller built-in fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking in solar-powered for battery charger.IEEE Reg 10 Annu Int Conf Proc TENCON,2004,(11):D637~D640
24 马 潮.高档 8 位单片机 ATmega128 原理与开发应用指南(上) .北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
25 Atmel Corp.ATmega128(L) Data Sheet.2001(4)
26 Analog Devices Inc . CMOS 8-/16-Channel Analog Multiplexers ADG506A/ADG507A.1998(6)
27 吴铭.分布式自动检测系统 RS485 通信网络的设计与实现.工业控制计算机,2005,(2):34~35
28 吴军辉.MAX1480B 在 DCS 中的应用及提高 RS485 通讯的可靠性的研究.工业控制计算机,2003,(1):52~53
29 刘瀛.基于 RS485 通讯有关问题的分析.中国科技信息,2005,(11):103
30 凌国平,周新建.如何提高测控系统中 RS485 通信的可靠性.仪器仪表学报,2005,(8):470~471
31 MAXIM. Complete Isolated RS485/RS422 Data Interface MAX1480B. 1998(2)
32 MAXIM.Cost-Saving Multichemistry Battery-Charger System. MAX846A.1996(4)
33 霍迎辉,陈华龙.基于 MAX846A 的锂离子电池充电器.电子产品世界,2003,(6):27~28
34 魏智.MAX846A 在通用型充电器中应用.国外电子元器件,1999,(1):26~28
35 郭功兵.基于的数据采集系统的设计与实现.郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,(3):54~56
36 刘宝栋,刘汉峰.基于 ATmega128 单片机的多功能数据采集系统.电子产品世界,2006,(2):67~69
37 Korbel.Stanislav,Janes Vlastimal.Interesting applications of atmel AVR microcontrollers . Proc.EUROMICRO.Syst.Digit.Syst.Des.DSD . 2004 ,(8):499~506
38 杜明芳,程红.基于 ATmega128 的测控系统的 ModBus 通信.高电压技术,2005,(3):48~50
39 程雪.具有多种通信功能的数据采集装置的实现.工业控制计算机,2006,(12):16~17
40 陈新忠.基于 RS485 总线的单片机多机通信软件设计.现代电子技术,2002,(3):8~10
41 朱懿,蒋念平.ModBus 协议在工业控制系统中的应用.微计算机信息,2006,(4):118~120
42 朱宏超.ModBus 协议在智能数据采集系统中应用.测控技术,2006,(2):65~67
43 Atmel Corp.AVR Application Notes.2003(3)
44 Atmel Corp.AVR Studio User Manual.2001(1)
45 王少卿,霍迎辉.ATmega128 在开发中应注意的问题.微型机与应用,2004,(2):15~17
46 沈文,Eagle lee.AVR 单片机 C 语言开发入门指导.清华大学出版社,2003
47 ImageCraft Creations Inc.ICCAVR–C Cross Compiler for the Atmel AVR User Manual.2001(2)
48 广州天河双龙电子有限公司.关于 SL-USB JTAG 仿真器连接方法
49 Atmel Corp.AVR JTAG ICE User Guide.2001(9)
2 周志敏.充电器电路设计与应用.人民邮电出版社,2005
3 路秋生.常用充电器电路与应用.机械工业出版社,2005
4 段晓飞.内含充放电控制与保护系统的半导体照明矿灯设计,国外电子元器件,2005,(2):7~9
5 王落胜.矿用智能充电机及其试验效果.山西煤炭,2002,(12):47~48
6 李人厚.智能控制理论和方法. 西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
7 张吉礼.模糊-神经网络控制原理与工程应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004
8 罗 均.智能控制工程及其应用实例.化学工业出版社,2005
9 刘宝泉.智能充电器设计与实现.西北工业大学硕士论文,2004,(3):15~25
10 田进.基于模糊控制的智能充电器的设计与实现.西北工业大学硕士论文,2005,(3):32~40
11 邵强.智能电池及其充放电管理系统.郑州大学硕士论文,2005,(5):6~9
12 李 国 厚 , 冯 启 高 . 基 于 单 片 机 的 智 能 充 电 器 设 计 . 仪 表 技 术 , 2001,(1):34~35
13 胡俊达,胡忠望.可充电电池智能测试系统的设计.电池,2003,(10):314~315
14 李敬兆.基于模糊控制的轻型智能充电装置.煤炭科学技术,2001,(7):38~41
15 吴 宇.KJ96X-II 矿灯信息管理系统.济宁高科股份有限公司,2004
16 班建民.电池充电状态智能测试系统的设计.微计算机信息,2005,(19):72~74
17 边增远,曾碧.模糊控制技术实现万能充电器.电子技术,2004,(12):56~58
18 余永权,曾 碧.单片机模糊逻辑控制.北京航空航天大学出版社,1995:24~38
19 Hsieh.G.-C,Chen.L-R,Huang.K.-S.Fuzzy-controlled Li-ion battery charge system with active state-of-charge controller.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2001,(6):585~594
20 Hsieh . Guan-Chyun , Chen . Liang-Rui , Huang . Kuo-Shun . Fuzzy-controlled active state-of-charge controller for fasting the charging behavior of Li-ion battery.IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), 1999,(11):400~405
21 Yuang-Shung.Lee,Chii-Wen Jao.Fuzzy Controlled Lithium-Ion Battery Equalization with state-of-charge Estimuator . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2003,(6):335~342
22 Rahim.N.A,Mekhilef.S,Chan.E.L, Ping.H.W.Fuzzy-controlled battery charger state-of-charge controller.Int J Modell Simul, 2006,(2):106~111
23 Khaehintung. Noppadol,Pramotung. Krisada,Sirisuk.Phaophak.RISC microcontroller built-in fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking in solar-powered for battery charger.IEEE Reg 10 Annu Int Conf Proc TENCON,2004,(11):D637~D640
24 马 潮.高档 8 位单片机 ATmega128 原理与开发应用指南(上) .北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
25 Atmel Corp.ATmega128(L) Data Sheet.2001(4)
26 Analog Devices Inc . CMOS 8-/16-Channel Analog Multiplexers ADG506A/ADG507A.1998(6)
27 吴铭.分布式自动检测系统 RS485 通信网络的设计与实现.工业控制计算机,2005,(2):34~35
28 吴军辉.MAX1480B 在 DCS 中的应用及提高 RS485 通讯的可靠性的研究.工业控制计算机,2003,(1):52~53
29 刘瀛.基于 RS485 通讯有关问题的分析.中国科技信息,2005,(11):103
30 凌国平,周新建.如何提高测控系统中 RS485 通信的可靠性.仪器仪表学报,2005,(8):470~471
31 MAXIM. Complete Isolated RS485/RS422 Data Interface MAX1480B. 1998(2)
32 MAXIM.Cost-Saving Multichemistry Battery-Charger System. MAX846A.1996(4)
33 霍迎辉,陈华龙.基于 MAX846A 的锂离子电池充电器.电子产品世界,2003,(6):27~28
34 魏智.MAX846A 在通用型充电器中应用.国外电子元器件,1999,(1):26~28
35 郭功兵.基于的数据采集系统的设计与实现.郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,(3):54~56
36 刘宝栋,刘汉峰.基于 ATmega128 单片机的多功能数据采集系统.电子产品世界,2006,(2):67~69
37 Korbel.Stanislav,Janes Vlastimal.Interesting applications of atmel AVR microcontrollers . Proc.EUROMICRO.Syst.Digit.Syst.Des.DSD . 2004 ,(8):499~506
38 杜明芳,程红.基于 ATmega128 的测控系统的 ModBus 通信.高电压技术,2005,(3):48~50
39 程雪.具有多种通信功能的数据采集装置的实现.工业控制计算机,2006,(12):16~17
40 陈新忠.基于 RS485 总线的单片机多机通信软件设计.现代电子技术,2002,(3):8~10
41 朱懿,蒋念平.ModBus 协议在工业控制系统中的应用.微计算机信息,2006,(4):118~120
42 朱宏超.ModBus 协议在智能数据采集系统中应用.测控技术,2006,(2):65~67
43 Atmel Corp.AVR Application Notes.2003(3)
44 Atmel Corp.AVR Studio User Manual.2001(1)
45 王少卿,霍迎辉.ATmega128 在开发中应注意的问题.微型机与应用,2004,(2):15~17
46 沈文,Eagle lee.AVR 单片机 C 语言开发入门指导.清华大学出版社,2003
47 ImageCraft Creations Inc.ICCAVR–C Cross Compiler for the Atmel AVR User Manual.2001(2)
48 广州天河双龙电子有限公司.关于 SL-USB JTAG 仿真器连接方法
49 Atmel Corp.AVR JTAG ICE User Guide.2001(9)