基于图像处理的烧结断面温度场检测的研究
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摘要
本文系河南省自然科学基金和中科院模式识别国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目。
烧结是为高炉炼铁准备原料的重要环节。烧结矿产量的高低、质量的优劣都将直接影响到炼铁生产的产、质量及能源消耗。烧结生产是一个机理复杂、参数繁多的动态过程，其中包括十几种物理化学变化，二十多个状态变量和近八十个相关联的因素。目前，国内外都是依靠常规仪表、工业电视的人工观测，间接的进行烧结终点控制，存在生产稳定性差、返矿量大、设备维护周期短等等缺点。烧结工艺学者通过大量的研究指出：单纯从一般的统计模型及机理模型出发，难以解决这项复杂课题，必须依靠信息科学技术进行攻关。
研究表明，烧结过程的大量信息，在机尾的断面上可以得到最直接和丰富的反映。根据烧结工艺，热状态自始至终伴随着整个烧结过程。烧结生产的众多参数中，温度是一个与烧结过程中的返矿平衡、还原性、机械强度及利用系数有着密切关系的重要参数。因此，烧结断面温度场的检测对实现整个烧结过程的全面自动化具有重要的意义。
本文围绕实现烧结过程的全面优化控制及断面温度场的检测问题，综合运用模式识别、神经网络及自适应控制等技术，提出了烧结过程智能化自适应控制系统的设计方案，给出了相关的软件流程框图及硬件配置；利用数字图像处理技术及红外测温原理，在不影响烧结生产正常运行的情况下，给出了获取烧结机尾断面温度场的非接触测温新方法，从而为实现烧结终点的直接优化控制提供了新思路。
本文主要完成以下几个方面的工作：
1．提出了烧结过程智能化自适应控制系统的总体设计方案。分析了国内外烧结生产的现状；指出研究烧结过程智能化自适应控制系统在烧结生产中的现实意义；给出了系统的总体设计方案、软件流程框图和硬件实现。
2．对断面图像进行了预处理。在准确采集一帧图像的基础上，研究分析了三种图像校正方法，运用二元三次多项式较好地实现了图像的校正；经过分析比较，运用自适应的邻域平均法较好地滤除了图像噪声；利用常用的两种算子及小波理论对断面图像进行了边缘检测，使用小波进行边缘检测得到了较好的效果。
郑州大学工学硕士论文
3.给出了断面图像温度场标定和检测方法。分析了利用图像进行温度检测的方
法和理论依据;利用图像进行温度场检测主要是根据物体的热辐射与图像灰度的
对应关系进行的，本文主要运用了基于Planck辐射定律的全辐射测温法，推导了
利用全辐射定理进行温度检测的公式，并对此公式结合实际进行了修正;然后给
出了利用回归分析获取断面图像温度场的方法。
4.提出了进一步提高温度检测精度的一些改进措施和方法，为系统的现场应用
奠定了基础。
This paper is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of He'nan Province and Opening Foundation of National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition , Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Sintering is an important segment that provides raw materials for the blast furnace. Good quality , high production and energy consumption in iron-making are directly influenced by the high or low production and the quality of sintering ores. Sintering is a complicated dynamic process with more than ten kinds of physic-chemistry changes, twenty state variables and nearly eighty related factors. At present, sintering terminal is controlled indirectly by people observing conventional instrument and industrial television. But this controlling means has some shortcomings such as bad productive stability, more return-ore quantity and short cycle of maintenance of equipment etc. Some scholars who study sintering technology show that it couldn't resolve the puzzle only through the general statistic model or mechanism model, and it must depend on information science technology.
The research shows that we can get more direct and abundant information about production of sintering from the cross-section image of the discharge end. According to sintering technology, the sintering process includes hot states all the time. Temperature is an important parameter in many parameters of sintering. It is related to return-ore balance, reducibility, mechanical robustness and utilized coefficient. So temperature field measurement of the cross-section plays an important role in realizing automatic control of sintering process.
Around these problems such as optimum control of sintering and temperature field measurement of the cross-section, this paper presented the scheme of the intelligent self-adapting control system of sintering and provided software diagram and hardware allocation through using pattern recognition, neural network and self-adapting control technology etc; during the normal running conditions, this paper presented a new method of non-contact temperature measurement by digital image processing and infrared temperature measurement technology. It will provide a new method of sintering
terminal control.
The main work is as follows:
1. The design of the intelligent self-adapting control system of sintering, such as having analyzed and compared several important methods of sintering production; putting forward the important research value of the sintering production; providing the design of the whole system, the flow process diagram and hardware components etc.
2. Pre-processing of the cross-section of the discharge end. Based on the exactly gathering a frame of image, studying three kinds of image correction methods, using bivariate cubic polynomial effectually corrects the image; using adaptive neighborhood mean method smoothes the image by contrast; studying two operators and wavelet theory detect the margin of the cross-section image, but using the wavelet theory shows the good effect.
3. The method of calibration and measurement of temperature field of the cross-section of the discharge end. Researching the method and the theory of temperature measurement through using images, it is mainly based on the corresponding relation of the thermal radiation and the gray level, this paper is adopted the total radiation method chiefly based on the Planck radiation law. What's more, it deduces the formula of temperature measurement by the total radiation law and amends the formula according to practical situation, then shows the method of acquiring the temperature field of the cross-section images of sintering by using regression analysis.
4. Having given some measurements to improve the precision of temperature detecting, building the foundation for the field engineering application.
烧结是为高炉炼铁准备原料的重要环节。烧结矿产量的高低、质量的优劣都将直接影响到炼铁生产的产、质量及能源消耗。烧结生产是一个机理复杂、参数繁多的动态过程，其中包括十几种物理化学变化，二十多个状态变量和近八十个相关联的因素。目前，国内外都是依靠常规仪表、工业电视的人工观测，间接的进行烧结终点控制，存在生产稳定性差、返矿量大、设备维护周期短等等缺点。烧结工艺学者通过大量的研究指出：单纯从一般的统计模型及机理模型出发，难以解决这项复杂课题，必须依靠信息科学技术进行攻关。
研究表明，烧结过程的大量信息，在机尾的断面上可以得到最直接和丰富的反映。根据烧结工艺，热状态自始至终伴随着整个烧结过程。烧结生产的众多参数中，温度是一个与烧结过程中的返矿平衡、还原性、机械强度及利用系数有着密切关系的重要参数。因此，烧结断面温度场的检测对实现整个烧结过程的全面自动化具有重要的意义。
本文围绕实现烧结过程的全面优化控制及断面温度场的检测问题，综合运用模式识别、神经网络及自适应控制等技术，提出了烧结过程智能化自适应控制系统的设计方案，给出了相关的软件流程框图及硬件配置；利用数字图像处理技术及红外测温原理，在不影响烧结生产正常运行的情况下，给出了获取烧结机尾断面温度场的非接触测温新方法，从而为实现烧结终点的直接优化控制提供了新思路。
本文主要完成以下几个方面的工作：
1．提出了烧结过程智能化自适应控制系统的总体设计方案。分析了国内外烧结生产的现状；指出研究烧结过程智能化自适应控制系统在烧结生产中的现实意义；给出了系统的总体设计方案、软件流程框图和硬件实现。
2．对断面图像进行了预处理。在准确采集一帧图像的基础上，研究分析了三种图像校正方法，运用二元三次多项式较好地实现了图像的校正；经过分析比较，运用自适应的邻域平均法较好地滤除了图像噪声；利用常用的两种算子及小波理论对断面图像进行了边缘检测，使用小波进行边缘检测得到了较好的效果。
郑州大学工学硕士论文
3.给出了断面图像温度场标定和检测方法。分析了利用图像进行温度检测的方
法和理论依据;利用图像进行温度场检测主要是根据物体的热辐射与图像灰度的
对应关系进行的，本文主要运用了基于Planck辐射定律的全辐射测温法，推导了
利用全辐射定理进行温度检测的公式，并对此公式结合实际进行了修正;然后给
出了利用回归分析获取断面图像温度场的方法。
4.提出了进一步提高温度检测精度的一些改进措施和方法，为系统的现场应用
奠定了基础。
This paper is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of He'nan Province and Opening Foundation of National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition , Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Sintering is an important segment that provides raw materials for the blast furnace. Good quality , high production and energy consumption in iron-making are directly influenced by the high or low production and the quality of sintering ores. Sintering is a complicated dynamic process with more than ten kinds of physic-chemistry changes, twenty state variables and nearly eighty related factors. At present, sintering terminal is controlled indirectly by people observing conventional instrument and industrial television. But this controlling means has some shortcomings such as bad productive stability, more return-ore quantity and short cycle of maintenance of equipment etc. Some scholars who study sintering technology show that it couldn't resolve the puzzle only through the general statistic model or mechanism model, and it must depend on information science technology.
The research shows that we can get more direct and abundant information about production of sintering from the cross-section image of the discharge end. According to sintering technology, the sintering process includes hot states all the time. Temperature is an important parameter in many parameters of sintering. It is related to return-ore balance, reducibility, mechanical robustness and utilized coefficient. So temperature field measurement of the cross-section plays an important role in realizing automatic control of sintering process.
Around these problems such as optimum control of sintering and temperature field measurement of the cross-section, this paper presented the scheme of the intelligent self-adapting control system of sintering and provided software diagram and hardware allocation through using pattern recognition, neural network and self-adapting control technology etc; during the normal running conditions, this paper presented a new method of non-contact temperature measurement by digital image processing and infrared temperature measurement technology. It will provide a new method of sintering
terminal control.
The main work is as follows:
1. The design of the intelligent self-adapting control system of sintering, such as having analyzed and compared several important methods of sintering production; putting forward the important research value of the sintering production; providing the design of the whole system, the flow process diagram and hardware components etc.
2. Pre-processing of the cross-section of the discharge end. Based on the exactly gathering a frame of image, studying three kinds of image correction methods, using bivariate cubic polynomial effectually corrects the image; using adaptive neighborhood mean method smoothes the image by contrast; studying two operators and wavelet theory detect the margin of the cross-section image, but using the wavelet theory shows the good effect.
3. The method of calibration and measurement of temperature field of the cross-section of the discharge end. Researching the method and the theory of temperature measurement through using images, it is mainly based on the corresponding relation of the thermal radiation and the gray level, this paper is adopted the total radiation method chiefly based on the Planck radiation law. What's more, it deduces the formula of temperature measurement by the total radiation law and amends the formula according to practical situation, then shows the method of acquiring the temperature field of the cross-section images of sintering by using regression analysis.
4. Having given some measurements to improve the precision of temperature detecting, building the foundation for the field engineering application.
引文
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