变电站状态监控系统设计
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摘要
变电环节是智能电网中一个十分重要的环节,目前已经开展了许多相关的研究工作,包括全面规范开展设备状态检修,全面开展资产全寿命管理工作研究,全面开展变电站综合自动化建设等。但我国变电站的智能化方面还存在的许多问题,如设备装备水平和健康水平仍不能满足建设坚强电网的要求；变电站自动化技术尚不成熟；智能化变电站技术、运行和管理系统尚不完善。
本文从状态监控、“五遥”等概念入手,首先对变电站状态监控系统进行需求分析,接着分别从数据采集、数据传输、数据处理等环节实现了系统设计的功能。研究基于IEC61850标准的变电站的分层分布式状态监测、采集、控制和一体化数据集成、存储、分析应用平台,完成基于IEC61850体系全站状态监控数据集成标准的站内核心通信管理关键设备研发。
本文设计的基于PL3200芯片的电力线载波扩频通信抗多径干扰、可实现码分多址、保密性好、误码率低。设计的变电站状态监控平台,通过网络对其远程设置和管理,无需时刻现场观测维护,非常适合无人、少人值守的环境,提高了产品的智能化程度,提高劳动生产率。采用成熟的单片机技术和传统的电力线载波技术、选择最优的智能传感器,以最低廉的成本实现系统设计的功能,在坚持以可持续发展的今天必将受到推广。
Substation is a very important part link of Smart Grid, and has undertaken a number of related works, including comprehensively and normatively carrying out condition-based maintenance of equipment, fully carrying out study of management of asset life, fully carrying out comprehensive construction of substation automation, etc. But there are still many problems in intelligence of the substation, such as equipment standards and health cannot meet the requirements of building a strong power grid; substation automation technology is not mature; the technology, operation and management system of intelligent substation is not perfect.
This paper, starting from condition monitoring, "five remote" and other concept, firstly carry on the demand analysis of substation condition monitoring system, then realize the function of system design respectively from the data acquisition, data transfer, data processing and other links. The study basing on the platforms of hierarchical distributed monitoring, collection, control and integration of data integration, storage, analysis application platform of IEC61850 standard substations, complete research and development of the total state monitoring data integration standard stand inside the core communication management key equipment basing on IEC61850.
The power spread spectrum power line carrier communication that this paper design basing on PL3200 chips has advantages of anti-multipath interference, CDMA, good secrecy and low bit error rate. By remote Settings and management to substation condition monitoring platform this study designed, substation is not need to on-sit and real-time observation and maintenance. This platform is very suitable for unmanned, less unattended operation environment, enhance product intelligence and improve labor productivity, This design uses the mature microcontroller technology and traditional power line carrier-current technology, selects the optimal intelligent sensor, realizes the function systems design in the most low cost, and will be widely used in the background of sustainable development.
本文从状态监控、“五遥”等概念入手,首先对变电站状态监控系统进行需求分析,接着分别从数据采集、数据传输、数据处理等环节实现了系统设计的功能。研究基于IEC61850标准的变电站的分层分布式状态监测、采集、控制和一体化数据集成、存储、分析应用平台,完成基于IEC61850体系全站状态监控数据集成标准的站内核心通信管理关键设备研发。
本文设计的基于PL3200芯片的电力线载波扩频通信抗多径干扰、可实现码分多址、保密性好、误码率低。设计的变电站状态监控平台,通过网络对其远程设置和管理,无需时刻现场观测维护,非常适合无人、少人值守的环境,提高了产品的智能化程度,提高劳动生产率。采用成熟的单片机技术和传统的电力线载波技术、选择最优的智能传感器,以最低廉的成本实现系统设计的功能,在坚持以可持续发展的今天必将受到推广。
Substation is a very important part link of Smart Grid, and has undertaken a number of related works, including comprehensively and normatively carrying out condition-based maintenance of equipment, fully carrying out study of management of asset life, fully carrying out comprehensive construction of substation automation, etc. But there are still many problems in intelligence of the substation, such as equipment standards and health cannot meet the requirements of building a strong power grid; substation automation technology is not mature; the technology, operation and management system of intelligent substation is not perfect.
This paper, starting from condition monitoring, "five remote" and other concept, firstly carry on the demand analysis of substation condition monitoring system, then realize the function of system design respectively from the data acquisition, data transfer, data processing and other links. The study basing on the platforms of hierarchical distributed monitoring, collection, control and integration of data integration, storage, analysis application platform of IEC61850 standard substations, complete research and development of the total state monitoring data integration standard stand inside the core communication management key equipment basing on IEC61850.
The power spread spectrum power line carrier communication that this paper design basing on PL3200 chips has advantages of anti-multipath interference, CDMA, good secrecy and low bit error rate. By remote Settings and management to substation condition monitoring platform this study designed, substation is not need to on-sit and real-time observation and maintenance. This platform is very suitable for unmanned, less unattended operation environment, enhance product intelligence and improve labor productivity, This design uses the mature microcontroller technology and traditional power line carrier-current technology, selects the optimal intelligent sensor, realizes the function systems design in the most low cost, and will be widely used in the background of sustainable development.
引文
1.李峰,刘亚平,陶永健等.变电站设备状态检修技术研究[J].中国高新技术企业2010,5(21)：119-121.
2. TS Key. Diagnosing power quality-related computer problems[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Applicant,1979,2(15):381-39.
3.张建龙.数字化变电站技术应用[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(11)：60-63.
4.黄泗兴.设计”五遥”变应注意的问题[J].农网自动化,2008,13(1)：1-3.
5.苏善伟.分布式电力“四遥”监控系统[D].青岛：山东科技大学,2005.
6.刘青丽,刘景波,邓颖.视频分析技术在无人值守变电站监控中的应用[J].技术交流及应用,2010,5(01)：73-76.
7.张峰.电力负荷管理技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005：154-206.
8.杨洁,郭丽红,郝慧珍.变电站远程视频监控系统的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2009,32(1)：131-132.
9. D. L. Hall, J. Lianas. An introduction to multisensor data fusion[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2004,85(1):6-23.
10.卢波,戚宏伟,赵海生.500KV无人值班变电站监控防误闭锁的实现[J].华东电力,2008,36(1)：20-24.
11.金竹广.煤矿井下采区变电站综合自动化设计方案[J].工矿自动化,2005,24(2)：67-69.
12. Brown D R, Slater J A, Emanuel A E. A wireless differential protection system for air-core inductors[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):579-587.
13. Wood R, Shoureshi R, Simoes M.G. Optical sensor for transformer monitoring[C]. IEEE International symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives,2003(5):142-145.
14.孙伟.配电自动化系统与低压配电监控系统[J].民营科技,2009,32(07)：20-23.
15.宋人杰.输变电设备状态检修评估分析系统的研究[J],继电器,2008,4(5)：54-57.
16.熊敏.浅谈发电厂检修模式的发展[J].机电信息,2010,2(24)：1-5.
17. Acermann T, Anyzin V. Interaction between distributed generation and the distribution operation aspects[C]. IEEE/PES, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition. Yoohama, Japan:Asia Pacific,2002:1357-1362.
18.陈志军.国内外变电站无人值守的比较与思考[J].广东电力,2006,3(1)：35-38.
19.国家电力公司超高压变电站自动化技术考察组.西欧、北美超高压变电站自动化技术现状[J].电网技术,2002,26(4)：55-61.
20. Michael Collier. Introductory Microcontroller Theory and Applications[M].青岛：中国石油大学出版社,2008：34-60.
21.陈正邦.110kV数字化变电站继电保护配置方案的研究[D].广州：华南理工大学.2010.
22.张文亮,刘壮志,王明俊.智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势[J].电网技术,2009,33(13)：1-11.
23.杨德昌,李勇,C. Rehtanz.中国式智能电网的构成和发展规划研究[J].电网技术,2009,33(20)：13-20.
24.王阳光,尹项根,游大海等.应用于变电站自动化系统的无线传感器网络技术[J].电网技术.2009,33(2)：20-26.
25.秦建伟.智能变电站的关键设备和技术[J].新技术新产品,2010,24(3)：36-41.
26.张惠刚.变电站综合自动化原理与系统[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004：1-2.
27. IEC61850 partl-10, Communication Networks and Systems in Substations[S].1999.
28.李永亮,李刚.IEC 61850第2版简介及其在智能电网中的应用展望[J].电网技术,2010,34(4)：11-16.
29.张建民,黄梅,郑三立等.变电站遥视系统动力环境数据集成与实现[J].微计算机信息2009,32(6)：30-31.
30. Spagnolo, Poraziotd, Leom. Moving object and temporal analysis[J]. Image segment background subtraction and on by Vision Computing,2006,2(24):411-423.
31. M. Greifenhagen, D. Comaniciu, H. Niemann, and V. Ramesh. Design, analysis and Engineering of video monitoring systems[J]. An approach and a case study. Proceedings of the IEEE,2001,89(10):1498-1517.
32.邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编1(下)[M].北京：北京航空航天大学社,2004：569-572.
33.宋文绪,杨帆.传感器与检测技术[M].北京高等教育出版社,2004：5-50.
34. Despic O, Simonovic S P. Aggregation operators for soft decision making in water resources[J]. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2002,115(1):11-33.
35. Cheng Chuntian, Chau K W. Three-person multi-objective conflict decision in reservoir flood control[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142(1):625-631.
36. Ruth Aguilar Ponce, Ashok Kumar, J. A. Network of Sensor-based Framework for Automated Visual Surveillance[J]. Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2007, 30(3):1244-1271.
37.张博.基于PL3105的电力载波终端的设计与实现[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
38.北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司.PL3200系列芯片手册.2008.
39.胡荣玉.基于PL3105的电力线MODEM设计[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2007.
40.杨国宇,徐炜炜.扩频通信在电力线载波抄表系统中的应用[J],合肥工业大学学报,2003,43(1)：150-153.
41.王宗阳,马旭东.基于RS485总线的远程抄表系统采集终端的设计与实现[J].通信设备,2006,5(1)：78-80.
42. James Jones, Kurt Thomas. Use of data terminal equipment-data circuit terminating Equipment (DTE-DCE) interface for short message service (SMS) and cell broadcast service (CBS)[J]. Digital cellular telecommunications system,2002,14(12):92-102.
43.季保杰,邹彩虹,王永田.基于单片机的温室自动控制系统设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2007,3(1)：73-75.
44. Wu Quenzong, Cheng Hauyung, Fan Kuochin. Motion detection based on two-piece linear approximation for cumulative histograms of ratio images in intelligent transportation system[C]. Proceeding of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing& Control. Taiwan,2004:309-314.
45.詹志勇,李向阳.无线传感器网络节点的硬件平台可扩展研究[J].现代电子技术,2011,34(2)：53-55.
46. Vinod Nair, James J. Clark, Automated visual surveillance using hidden Markova models[J]. The 15th Vision Interface Conference, Calgary,2002,114(02):88-90.
47.郑先锋,张新成.变电所远程视频监控系统对象模型的设计[J].微计算机信息,2007,19(01)：35-36.
48.周晨,李鹍,郑连清.水电站上位机监控系统研究[J].低电压,2008,5(03)：43-46.
2. TS Key. Diagnosing power quality-related computer problems[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Applicant,1979,2(15):381-39.
3.张建龙.数字化变电站技术应用[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(11)：60-63.
4.黄泗兴.设计”五遥”变应注意的问题[J].农网自动化,2008,13(1)：1-3.
5.苏善伟.分布式电力“四遥”监控系统[D].青岛：山东科技大学,2005.
6.刘青丽,刘景波,邓颖.视频分析技术在无人值守变电站监控中的应用[J].技术交流及应用,2010,5(01)：73-76.
7.张峰.电力负荷管理技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005：154-206.
8.杨洁,郭丽红,郝慧珍.变电站远程视频监控系统的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2009,32(1)：131-132.
9. D. L. Hall, J. Lianas. An introduction to multisensor data fusion[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2004,85(1):6-23.
10.卢波,戚宏伟,赵海生.500KV无人值班变电站监控防误闭锁的实现[J].华东电力,2008,36(1)：20-24.
11.金竹广.煤矿井下采区变电站综合自动化设计方案[J].工矿自动化,2005,24(2)：67-69.
12. Brown D R, Slater J A, Emanuel A E. A wireless differential protection system for air-core inductors[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):579-587.
13. Wood R, Shoureshi R, Simoes M.G. Optical sensor for transformer monitoring[C]. IEEE International symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives,2003(5):142-145.
14.孙伟.配电自动化系统与低压配电监控系统[J].民营科技,2009,32(07)：20-23.
15.宋人杰.输变电设备状态检修评估分析系统的研究[J],继电器,2008,4(5)：54-57.
16.熊敏.浅谈发电厂检修模式的发展[J].机电信息,2010,2(24)：1-5.
17. Acermann T, Anyzin V. Interaction between distributed generation and the distribution operation aspects[C]. IEEE/PES, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition. Yoohama, Japan:Asia Pacific,2002:1357-1362.
18.陈志军.国内外变电站无人值守的比较与思考[J].广东电力,2006,3(1)：35-38.
19.国家电力公司超高压变电站自动化技术考察组.西欧、北美超高压变电站自动化技术现状[J].电网技术,2002,26(4)：55-61.
20. Michael Collier. Introductory Microcontroller Theory and Applications[M].青岛：中国石油大学出版社,2008：34-60.
21.陈正邦.110kV数字化变电站继电保护配置方案的研究[D].广州：华南理工大学.2010.
22.张文亮,刘壮志,王明俊.智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势[J].电网技术,2009,33(13)：1-11.
23.杨德昌,李勇,C. Rehtanz.中国式智能电网的构成和发展规划研究[J].电网技术,2009,33(20)：13-20.
24.王阳光,尹项根,游大海等.应用于变电站自动化系统的无线传感器网络技术[J].电网技术.2009,33(2)：20-26.
25.秦建伟.智能变电站的关键设备和技术[J].新技术新产品,2010,24(3)：36-41.
26.张惠刚.变电站综合自动化原理与系统[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004：1-2.
27. IEC61850 partl-10, Communication Networks and Systems in Substations[S].1999.
28.李永亮,李刚.IEC 61850第2版简介及其在智能电网中的应用展望[J].电网技术,2010,34(4)：11-16.
29.张建民,黄梅,郑三立等.变电站遥视系统动力环境数据集成与实现[J].微计算机信息2009,32(6)：30-31.
30. Spagnolo, Poraziotd, Leom. Moving object and temporal analysis[J]. Image segment background subtraction and on by Vision Computing,2006,2(24):411-423.
31. M. Greifenhagen, D. Comaniciu, H. Niemann, and V. Ramesh. Design, analysis and Engineering of video monitoring systems[J]. An approach and a case study. Proceedings of the IEEE,2001,89(10):1498-1517.
32.邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编1(下)[M].北京：北京航空航天大学社,2004：569-572.
33.宋文绪,杨帆.传感器与检测技术[M].北京高等教育出版社,2004：5-50.
34. Despic O, Simonovic S P. Aggregation operators for soft decision making in water resources[J]. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2002,115(1):11-33.
35. Cheng Chuntian, Chau K W. Three-person multi-objective conflict decision in reservoir flood control[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142(1):625-631.
36. Ruth Aguilar Ponce, Ashok Kumar, J. A. Network of Sensor-based Framework for Automated Visual Surveillance[J]. Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2007, 30(3):1244-1271.
37.张博.基于PL3105的电力载波终端的设计与实现[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
38.北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司.PL3200系列芯片手册.2008.
39.胡荣玉.基于PL3105的电力线MODEM设计[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2007.
40.杨国宇,徐炜炜.扩频通信在电力线载波抄表系统中的应用[J],合肥工业大学学报,2003,43(1)：150-153.
41.王宗阳,马旭东.基于RS485总线的远程抄表系统采集终端的设计与实现[J].通信设备,2006,5(1)：78-80.
42. James Jones, Kurt Thomas. Use of data terminal equipment-data circuit terminating Equipment (DTE-DCE) interface for short message service (SMS) and cell broadcast service (CBS)[J]. Digital cellular telecommunications system,2002,14(12):92-102.
43.季保杰,邹彩虹,王永田.基于单片机的温室自动控制系统设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2007,3(1)：73-75.
44. Wu Quenzong, Cheng Hauyung, Fan Kuochin. Motion detection based on two-piece linear approximation for cumulative histograms of ratio images in intelligent transportation system[C]. Proceeding of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing& Control. Taiwan,2004:309-314.
45.詹志勇,李向阳.无线传感器网络节点的硬件平台可扩展研究[J].现代电子技术,2011,34(2)：53-55.
46. Vinod Nair, James J. Clark, Automated visual surveillance using hidden Markova models[J]. The 15th Vision Interface Conference, Calgary,2002,114(02):88-90.
47.郑先锋,张新成.变电所远程视频监控系统对象模型的设计[J].微计算机信息,2007,19(01)：35-36.
48.周晨,李鹍,郑连清.水电站上位机监控系统研究[J].低电压,2008,5(03)：43-46.