基于线阵CCD回弹仪系统的研究
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摘要
回弹仪是一种检测混凝土抗压强度的无损检测仪器,广泛应用于混凝土施工过程中。其工作原理是利用回弹仪上的钢锤冲击混凝土表面,并用钢锤被反弹回的距离──回弹值作为强度的相关指标,来计算出混凝土强度。
目前国内普遍使用的回弹仪有两种:一种是指针示读回弹仪,检测时需要人工记录和分析数据才能得到测区强度换算值,这种方法费时费力,且极易出现人为误差。另一种采用接触式电阻作为回弹值的检测元件,根据滑块位置对应不同的电阻值来计算回弹值,其使用寿命短,测量精度低,适用性差。
本论文的研究是安徽省教育厅重点科研项目“混凝土抗压强度智能检测系统”的重要组成部分。通过对国内外回弹仪产品的分析比较,根据回弹仪系统的检测原理,提出了采用线阵CCD来获得滑块的位置信息的智能回弹仪系统研究。根据CCD的特点,本文致力于线阵CCD智能检测系统的研制,将传感技术、智能技术和单片机相结合,实现了非接触无损检测。
系统利用XC95144芯片产生脉冲信号驱动CCD芯片,在完成对CCD原始视频信号进行放大滤波的处理之后,将信号送入A/D转换器,单片机通过对A/D转换后的数据分析获得滑块的位移信息即回弹值,同时通过无线发送模块将回弹值发送至上位机系统。上位机数据处理系统主要完成对现场检测数据的接收,并根据国家标准对现场检测的数据进行处理和分析,最后输出一个评估结果。
试验证明该系统具有硬件结构简单、使用方便、抗干扰性好、采集数据可靠等特点。
Rebound hammer is a non-destructive testing instrument of determination of compressive strength of concrete, which is widely used in concrete construction process. It uses the rebound hammer's hammer to impact on the concrete surface. The hammer will rebound a value because of the reaction of concrete surface. The strength of the concrete surface can be obtained on the basis of the relationship between the concrete compressive strength and the value of rebound.
Now there are two kinds of rebound hammers that common used in China. One is the pointer to show reading hammer, field testing required manual recording and calculation for the survey area intensity conversion value, which method time-consuming and laborious, and prone to human error. The other uses the contact resistance as the detection device, a voltage across the resistor, using a pointer moving from the spring to obtain the voltage rebound value,but it’s short-life, low-accuracy, and poor-applicability.
The results of this study is an important part of "smart concrete compressive strength testing system", which is the focus of scientific research projects in Anhui Province Education Department. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign products relatively Hammer and the pros and cons of rebound hammer in current market, according to the detection principle of rebound hammer, using linear array CCD to get the Hammer slider location information. According to the traits of CCD, this paper dedicates to the design of linear CCD Intelligent Detection System. Take sensor technology, intelligent technology and single chip combined to achieve a non-contact non-destructive detection.
The system uses XC95144 chip to produce pulse signals to drive CCD chip. After the completion of amplifying and filtering the CCD video original signal, take the signal into the A/D converter. Single chip can get the slider displacement information (the rebound value) through the analysis of the digital quantity that converted by A/D. At the same time send the rebound value to upper computer system by the wireless transmission module. Upper computer data processing system mainly complete the reception of on-site testing data, then dispose and analyse on-site testing data according to the national standards, and finally output a assessment results.
Experiments show that the system has the advantage of simple hardware structure,convenient usage, good anti-interference , reliable collection data and so on.
目前国内普遍使用的回弹仪有两种:一种是指针示读回弹仪,检测时需要人工记录和分析数据才能得到测区强度换算值,这种方法费时费力,且极易出现人为误差。另一种采用接触式电阻作为回弹值的检测元件,根据滑块位置对应不同的电阻值来计算回弹值,其使用寿命短,测量精度低,适用性差。
本论文的研究是安徽省教育厅重点科研项目“混凝土抗压强度智能检测系统”的重要组成部分。通过对国内外回弹仪产品的分析比较,根据回弹仪系统的检测原理,提出了采用线阵CCD来获得滑块的位置信息的智能回弹仪系统研究。根据CCD的特点,本文致力于线阵CCD智能检测系统的研制,将传感技术、智能技术和单片机相结合,实现了非接触无损检测。
系统利用XC95144芯片产生脉冲信号驱动CCD芯片,在完成对CCD原始视频信号进行放大滤波的处理之后,将信号送入A/D转换器,单片机通过对A/D转换后的数据分析获得滑块的位移信息即回弹值,同时通过无线发送模块将回弹值发送至上位机系统。上位机数据处理系统主要完成对现场检测数据的接收,并根据国家标准对现场检测的数据进行处理和分析,最后输出一个评估结果。
试验证明该系统具有硬件结构简单、使用方便、抗干扰性好、采集数据可靠等特点。
Rebound hammer is a non-destructive testing instrument of determination of compressive strength of concrete, which is widely used in concrete construction process. It uses the rebound hammer's hammer to impact on the concrete surface. The hammer will rebound a value because of the reaction of concrete surface. The strength of the concrete surface can be obtained on the basis of the relationship between the concrete compressive strength and the value of rebound.
Now there are two kinds of rebound hammers that common used in China. One is the pointer to show reading hammer, field testing required manual recording and calculation for the survey area intensity conversion value, which method time-consuming and laborious, and prone to human error. The other uses the contact resistance as the detection device, a voltage across the resistor, using a pointer moving from the spring to obtain the voltage rebound value,but it’s short-life, low-accuracy, and poor-applicability.
The results of this study is an important part of "smart concrete compressive strength testing system", which is the focus of scientific research projects in Anhui Province Education Department. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign products relatively Hammer and the pros and cons of rebound hammer in current market, according to the detection principle of rebound hammer, using linear array CCD to get the Hammer slider location information. According to the traits of CCD, this paper dedicates to the design of linear CCD Intelligent Detection System. Take sensor technology, intelligent technology and single chip combined to achieve a non-contact non-destructive detection.
The system uses XC95144 chip to produce pulse signals to drive CCD chip. After the completion of amplifying and filtering the CCD video original signal, take the signal into the A/D converter. Single chip can get the slider displacement information (the rebound value) through the analysis of the digital quantity that converted by A/D. At the same time send the rebound value to upper computer system by the wireless transmission module. Upper computer data processing system mainly complete the reception of on-site testing data, then dispose and analyse on-site testing data according to the national standards, and finally output a assessment results.
Experiments show that the system has the advantage of simple hardware structure,convenient usage, good anti-interference , reliable collection data and so on.
引文
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[14]何炜燊郑黎明.CPLD在CCD图像采集系统中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006(6):44-47.
[15]王道宪.CPLD/FPGA可编程逻辑器件应用与开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:126-137.
[16]徐志军,徐光辉. CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:17-33.
[17] XILINX XC95144 In-System Programmable CPLD. http://www.ic37.com
[18]曾锋易茂祥.图像采集系统的线性CCD驱动电路设计[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2009(1):120-123
[19]周黎,张健,吴丽莹.基于CPLD和USB2.0的线阵CCD数据采集系统及应用[J].仪表技术与传感器.2009(2):83-85.
[20]杨锟.智能回弹仪系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学, 2006
[21]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:106-135.
[22]远坂俊昭.测量电子电路设计:滤波器篇[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:20-40.
[23]温智宁,管自新.基于TLC5510的数据采集系统设计[J].国外电子元器件.2008(5):22-25.
[24] TLC5510,TLC5510A 8-BIT HIGH-SPEED ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVER- TERS http://www.ic37.com.
[25]李彩,王安,刘勇.8位高速A/D转换器TLC5510的应用[J].国外电子元器件.2003(7) :59-61
[26]杨博雄,张晓华,傅辉清,欧同庚,陈志高.线阵CCD数据的高速采集与存储[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2004(2):124-127.
[27] Vishay Telefunken TCRT1000/TCRT1010 Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor Output. http://www.vishay.com/.1999(5).
[28]许文丹.LOD稳压器高精度电压基准源的分析与设计[J].西安航空技术高等专科学校学报.2005(1):16-19.
[29]薛永毅.新型电源电路应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001:189-190.
[30] Micropower 5.0V , 100mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator with NOCAP. http://onsemi.com/.2004
[31] 800mA LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR. http://www. datasheetpdf .com/.2004
[32] MAXIM +12V,120mA Flash Memory Programming Supply. http://www.ic37.com
[33]孙利民,李建中,陈渝。无线传感网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005(10):127-132
[34] WAP200B RF Modem.PDF.北京华荣汇通信设备有限公司产品手册. http://www.smartrfcom.cn
[35]张阳阳.基于MSC1210的空压机无线测控系统[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学, 2009.
[36] Akyidiz,sankara subramanian.Wireless sensor networks:asurvey[J]. computer net2- work,2002(38):393-422 .
[37] Willian C.Zigbee:Wireless Control That Simply Works[J].Craig Program Manager Wireless Communication.2004(37):100-104.
[38]王海潼,葛海波.基于CCD和CPLD的光学图象采集处理系统的实现[J].西安邮电学院学报.2009(5):15-18.
[39]刘瑞新.单片机原理及应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[40]回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程(JGJ/T23-2001):36-44.
[2]吴新璇著.混凝土无损检测技术手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003:16-17.
[3]江萍.基于光电检测的智能回弹仪系统[J].电子应用技术,2003(9):18-22.
[4]米本和也.CCD/CMOS图像传感器基础与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:23-40.
[5]王有庆著.CCD应用技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003:30-37.
[6] R.H.Walden.The Buried Channel Charge Coupled Device.The Bell System Techni- cal Journal,1972:1635-1640.
[7]许学勇.CCD的工作原理及应用现状[J].广播电视技术,2009(05):81-85.
[8]程开富.CCD图像传感器的市场与发展[J].国外电子元器件,2000(7):2-7.
[9]张以谟.应用光学[M].北京:北京工业出版社,1982:57-100.
[10] TOSHIBA CCD LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR-TCD2701C.1996,6.
[11]张智辉,田地,杨义先.线阵CCD驱动电路设计的几种方法[J].仪表技术与传感器.2004(6):32-33.
[12]张秀万,赵立宏,向东,熊小民.一种CCD驱动电路设计的简明方法[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版).2005(12):99-102.
[13]曾维友,赵江,罗时军,刘国营.基于C51的线阵CCD驱动设计[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报.2009(3):62-64.
[14]何炜燊郑黎明.CPLD在CCD图像采集系统中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006(6):44-47.
[15]王道宪.CPLD/FPGA可编程逻辑器件应用与开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:126-137.
[16]徐志军,徐光辉. CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:17-33.
[17] XILINX XC95144 In-System Programmable CPLD. http://www.ic37.com
[18]曾锋易茂祥.图像采集系统的线性CCD驱动电路设计[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2009(1):120-123
[19]周黎,张健,吴丽莹.基于CPLD和USB2.0的线阵CCD数据采集系统及应用[J].仪表技术与传感器.2009(2):83-85.
[20]杨锟.智能回弹仪系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学, 2006
[21]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:106-135.
[22]远坂俊昭.测量电子电路设计:滤波器篇[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:20-40.
[23]温智宁,管自新.基于TLC5510的数据采集系统设计[J].国外电子元器件.2008(5):22-25.
[24] TLC5510,TLC5510A 8-BIT HIGH-SPEED ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVER- TERS http://www.ic37.com.
[25]李彩,王安,刘勇.8位高速A/D转换器TLC5510的应用[J].国外电子元器件.2003(7) :59-61
[26]杨博雄,张晓华,傅辉清,欧同庚,陈志高.线阵CCD数据的高速采集与存储[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2004(2):124-127.
[27] Vishay Telefunken TCRT1000/TCRT1010 Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor Output. http://www.vishay.com/.1999(5).
[28]许文丹.LOD稳压器高精度电压基准源的分析与设计[J].西安航空技术高等专科学校学报.2005(1):16-19.
[29]薛永毅.新型电源电路应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001:189-190.
[30] Micropower 5.0V , 100mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator with NOCAP. http://onsemi.com/.2004
[31] 800mA LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR. http://www. datasheetpdf .com/.2004
[32] MAXIM +12V,120mA Flash Memory Programming Supply. http://www.ic37.com
[33]孙利民,李建中,陈渝。无线传感网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005(10):127-132
[34] WAP200B RF Modem.PDF.北京华荣汇通信设备有限公司产品手册. http://www.smartrfcom.cn
[35]张阳阳.基于MSC1210的空压机无线测控系统[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学, 2009.
[36] Akyidiz,sankara subramanian.Wireless sensor networks:asurvey[J]. computer net2- work,2002(38):393-422 .
[37] Willian C.Zigbee:Wireless Control That Simply Works[J].Craig Program Manager Wireless Communication.2004(37):100-104.
[38]王海潼,葛海波.基于CCD和CPLD的光学图象采集处理系统的实现[J].西安邮电学院学报.2009(5):15-18.
[39]刘瑞新.单片机原理及应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[40]回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程(JGJ/T23-2001):36-44.