基于CIS的智能回弹仪系统
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摘要
回弹仪是一种采用无损检测技术、用于检测混凝土抗压强度的仪器,它是利用回弹仪内部的弹簧来驱动钢锤击打混凝土表面,钢锤被反弹回的距离即回弹值就可用来作为推算混凝土抗压强度的指标,达到检测的目的。回弹仪在建筑物、桥梁等混凝土工程领域中的应用极为普遍。
目前国内市场上的回弹仪大多为机械式的,检测时需人工目测读取、记录并计算数据,存在误差较大、人为因素影响和效率低等缺点,因此人们开始研究智能式回弹仪系统。国内已开发的智能式回弹仪系统分为电阻式、电容式和光栅光耦式。其中电阻式和电容式分别采用电阻和电容作为位移传感器,建立和位移相应的关系式推算回弹值,误差较大。光栅光耦式是采用图像传感器来获取游标的位置信息,稳定性好且干扰小,但作为回弹仪位置传感器的光电耦合器件线阵CCD,虽然测量精度高,但相应的光学和电路复杂且功耗较大,难以推广。
本文研究的“基于CIS的智能回弹仪系统”是安徽省教育厅重点科研项目“基于PSD的智能回弹仪系统”的重要组成部分。系统采用接触式图像传感器CIS来获取回弹仪游标的位移信息,具有电路简单、功耗小、精度高、成本低等特点。本文将图像传感器、单片机、无线传输等技术结合起来,使系统更加智能化,使用方便,且可在市场广泛推广。
系统采用C8051F120单片机来产生CIS的驱动脉冲信号,对CIS的原始输出信号进行差分放大、零点校正和模数转换后,送入单片机进行数据计算得到回弹值,并将回弹值通过无线模块传输到上位机系统中。上位机系统在接收到检测数据后,根据国家标准对数据进行分析判断,并通过人机界面显示数据和输出检测结果。
实验表明,本系统硬件电路简单,精度高,抗干扰性好,使用方便,功耗小等特点。
Rebound hammer is a kind of nondestructive instrument,which is used to detect the compressive strength of the concrete. When use the rebound hammer's hammer that is drove by spring to impact on the concrete surface,the distance of the hammer rebounded——the value of rebound is as the index of the concrete compressive strength and can achieve the purpose of detecting. This is the operating principle of rebound hammer. The rebound hammer is widely used in buildings,bridges and concrete construction.
Currently rebound hammers in the market almost are mechanical,which need people to read,record and calculate the data. It is complicated,time-consuming and low efficiency.So people begin to study intelligent rebound hammer system. Intelligent rebound hammer system which have been developed are based on resistance,electric capacity and photo coupler. The rebound hammers based on resistance and electric capacity use resistance and electric capacity as displacement sensor and build the relation to displacement to obtain the rebound value. The two kinds have big error. That based on photo coupler uses image sensor to get the position of the pointer. The method has good stability and anti-interference. But the rebound hammer based on linear CCD has high power dissipation and cost as well as high efficiency and accuracy.
The paper that intelligent rebound hammer system based on CIS is a important part of intelligent rebound hammer system based on PSD,which is key scientific project of Anhui province. After analyzing the rebound hammer in current market,the paper come up with the intelligent rebound hammer system based on CIS,which obtain the pointer's position by contact image sensor CIS. The system has simple circuit,low power dissipation,high accuracy and low cost. It combines image sensor technology,single-chip with wireless transmission technology to make system more intelligent and convenient. This system can widely used in market.
The system uses C8051F120 to produce the pulse signal of CIS. Amplify,filter the CIS original output signal and then take the signals into the A/D converter. Then single chip can get the pointer displacement information (the rebound value) through the analysis of the digital quantity that converted by A/D and then send the rebound value to upper computer system by wireless transmission module. Upper computer system analyses the received data according to the national standards and displays the data and testing result.
Experiments indicate that the system has the advantage of simple hardware circuit , high accuracy , good anti-interference , convenience and low power dissipation.
目前国内市场上的回弹仪大多为机械式的,检测时需人工目测读取、记录并计算数据,存在误差较大、人为因素影响和效率低等缺点,因此人们开始研究智能式回弹仪系统。国内已开发的智能式回弹仪系统分为电阻式、电容式和光栅光耦式。其中电阻式和电容式分别采用电阻和电容作为位移传感器,建立和位移相应的关系式推算回弹值,误差较大。光栅光耦式是采用图像传感器来获取游标的位置信息,稳定性好且干扰小,但作为回弹仪位置传感器的光电耦合器件线阵CCD,虽然测量精度高,但相应的光学和电路复杂且功耗较大,难以推广。
本文研究的“基于CIS的智能回弹仪系统”是安徽省教育厅重点科研项目“基于PSD的智能回弹仪系统”的重要组成部分。系统采用接触式图像传感器CIS来获取回弹仪游标的位移信息,具有电路简单、功耗小、精度高、成本低等特点。本文将图像传感器、单片机、无线传输等技术结合起来,使系统更加智能化,使用方便,且可在市场广泛推广。
系统采用C8051F120单片机来产生CIS的驱动脉冲信号,对CIS的原始输出信号进行差分放大、零点校正和模数转换后,送入单片机进行数据计算得到回弹值,并将回弹值通过无线模块传输到上位机系统中。上位机系统在接收到检测数据后,根据国家标准对数据进行分析判断,并通过人机界面显示数据和输出检测结果。
实验表明,本系统硬件电路简单,精度高,抗干扰性好,使用方便,功耗小等特点。
Rebound hammer is a kind of nondestructive instrument,which is used to detect the compressive strength of the concrete. When use the rebound hammer's hammer that is drove by spring to impact on the concrete surface,the distance of the hammer rebounded——the value of rebound is as the index of the concrete compressive strength and can achieve the purpose of detecting. This is the operating principle of rebound hammer. The rebound hammer is widely used in buildings,bridges and concrete construction.
Currently rebound hammers in the market almost are mechanical,which need people to read,record and calculate the data. It is complicated,time-consuming and low efficiency.So people begin to study intelligent rebound hammer system. Intelligent rebound hammer system which have been developed are based on resistance,electric capacity and photo coupler. The rebound hammers based on resistance and electric capacity use resistance and electric capacity as displacement sensor and build the relation to displacement to obtain the rebound value. The two kinds have big error. That based on photo coupler uses image sensor to get the position of the pointer. The method has good stability and anti-interference. But the rebound hammer based on linear CCD has high power dissipation and cost as well as high efficiency and accuracy.
The paper that intelligent rebound hammer system based on CIS is a important part of intelligent rebound hammer system based on PSD,which is key scientific project of Anhui province. After analyzing the rebound hammer in current market,the paper come up with the intelligent rebound hammer system based on CIS,which obtain the pointer's position by contact image sensor CIS. The system has simple circuit,low power dissipation,high accuracy and low cost. It combines image sensor technology,single-chip with wireless transmission technology to make system more intelligent and convenient. This system can widely used in market.
The system uses C8051F120 to produce the pulse signal of CIS. Amplify,filter the CIS original output signal and then take the signals into the A/D converter. Then single chip can get the pointer displacement information (the rebound value) through the analysis of the digital quantity that converted by A/D and then send the rebound value to upper computer system by wireless transmission module. Upper computer system analyses the received data according to the national standards and displays the data and testing result.
Experiments indicate that the system has the advantage of simple hardware circuit , high accuracy , good anti-interference , convenience and low power dissipation.
引文
[1] Malhotra V M.Testing hardened concrete:nondestructive methods[J].Amer Concr Inst,1976(9):180~188.
[2] Bellander U.Concrete strength in finished structures[J].CBI Research,1977(3):77~226.
[3] N.Bligin,T.Dincer and H.Copur.The performance prediction of impact hammers from Schmidt hammer rebound values in Istanbul metro tunnel drivages[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,Volume 17,Issue 3,July 2002,Pages 237~247.
[4] A.Basu and A.Aydin.A method for normalization of Schmidt hammer rebound values[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,Volume 41,Issue 7,October 2004,Pages 1211~1214.
[5]王金武.无线数据传输智能混凝土回弹仪系统的研制[D].硕士学位论文.中国科技大学,2007.
[6]吴新璇著.混凝土无损检测技术手册[M].人民交通出版社,2003:16~17.
[7]陈业慧.基于PSD及Zigbee的智能回弹仪系统[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2007.
[8]闫成彦.基于USB的线阵CCD图像采集系统[D].硕士学位论文.大连理工大学,2009.
[9] HAM AGUCHI TADAHIKO,YAMASHITA HIROMI,OHTA AKIRA,et al.Contact-type color image sensor using three-LED switching method[A].Proc SPIE[C].1997,3019:146~153.
[10]程开富.接触式图像传感器的发展与应用[J].国外电子元器件,2002(06): 62~65.
[11]许学勇.CCD的工作原理及应用现状[J].广播电视技术,2009(05):81~85.
[12]冯涛,曹丹华,吴裕斌.基于DSP的CIS信号采集与处理技术[J].测控技术,2003,第22卷第8期:26~31.
[13]程开富.CCD图像传感器的市场与发展[J].国外电子元器件,2000(7):2~7.
[14]接触式影像传感器的技术介绍.http://blog.china.alibaba.com
[15]刘贵喜,杨万海.新型接触式图像传感器信号处理技术[J].光电子·微光,2000(12)第11卷第6期:576~578.
[16]戚务昌.新一代扫描仪之眼——CIS[J].计算机元器件,2001(2):21~23.
[17] LT2R54N-090819.SHANDONG HUALING ELECTRONICS CO.LTD.2009,11.
[18]张智辉,田地,杨义先.线阵CCD驱动电路设计的几种方法[J].仪表技术与传感器.2004(6):32~33.
[19]张秀万,赵立宏,向东,熊小民.一种CCD驱动电路设计的简明方法[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版).2005(12):99~102.
[20]曾维友,赵江,罗时军,刘国营.基于C51的线阵CCD驱动设计[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报.2009(3):62~64.
[21]张迎新,雷文,姚静波编著.C8051F系列SOC单片机原理及应用[M].国防工业出版社,2005:1~5.
[22]张培仁,孙力编著.基于C语言C8051F系列微控制器原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2007:7~11.
[23]潘琢金译.C8051F120/1/2/3/4/5/6/7、C8051F130/1/2/3系列混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器.2004,12.
[24]锁相环百度名片.http://baike.baidu.com/view/185165.htm
[25] TCRT1000/TCRT1010.Vishay Telefunken.
[26]杨锟.智能回弹仪系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2006
[27]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分[M].高等教育出版社,2003:106~135.
[28] LM158,LM158A,LM258,LM258A,LM358,LM358A,LM358Y,LM2904, LM2904Q DUAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS.1998.
[29]远坂俊昭.测量电子电路设计:滤波器篇[M].科学出版社,2006:20~40.
[30]胡佳林.基于线阵CCD回弹仪系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2010
[31]王有庆著.CCD应用技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003:120~121.
[32] TLC5510,TLC5510A 8-BIT HIGH-SPEED ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVER-TERS. http://www.ic37.com.
[33]温智宁,管自新.基于TLC5510的数据采集系统设计[J].国外电子元器件.2008(05):22~25.
[34]刘栋嫣,李欣,董静薇.基于CIS及LC5510的告诉图像采集系统[J].微型机与应用.2004(10):23~25.
[35]于胜学.闪速8位A/D转换器TLC5510与单片微机的接口技术[J].微计算机信息(嵌入式与SOC).2009年第25卷9-2期:15~16.
[36]李彩,王安,刘勇.8位高速A/D转换器TLC5510的应用[J].国外电子元件.2003(7) :59~61.
[37] CY6264 8K×8 Static RAM.Cypress Semiconductor Corporation.Revised August 8,2006.
[38]张阳阳.基于MSC1210的空压机无线测控系统[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2009.
[39]产品数据手册(RF模组、公网产品).北京华荣汇通信设备有限公司RF事业部.2007,05.
[40]王明顺.基于LM2576的高可靠MCU电源设计[J].国外电子元器件.2004(11):12~14.
[41]杜力坤·苏来曼,刘吉超,艾德海江·马那甫[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版).2009(12)第28卷第4期:69~72.
[42] LM2576/LM2576HV Series SIMPLE SWITCHER 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator.National Semiconductor.June 1999.
[43] AS1117 800mA Low Dropout Regulator SCSI-ⅡActive Terminator.ALPHA SEMICONDUCTOR.
[44] JGJ_T_23-2001_回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程.中国建筑出版社.2001:7~28.
[45]孙鑫,余安萍编著.VC++深入详解[M].电子工业出版社.2007: 3~5.
[2] Bellander U.Concrete strength in finished structures[J].CBI Research,1977(3):77~226.
[3] N.Bligin,T.Dincer and H.Copur.The performance prediction of impact hammers from Schmidt hammer rebound values in Istanbul metro tunnel drivages[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,Volume 17,Issue 3,July 2002,Pages 237~247.
[4] A.Basu and A.Aydin.A method for normalization of Schmidt hammer rebound values[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,Volume 41,Issue 7,October 2004,Pages 1211~1214.
[5]王金武.无线数据传输智能混凝土回弹仪系统的研制[D].硕士学位论文.中国科技大学,2007.
[6]吴新璇著.混凝土无损检测技术手册[M].人民交通出版社,2003:16~17.
[7]陈业慧.基于PSD及Zigbee的智能回弹仪系统[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2007.
[8]闫成彦.基于USB的线阵CCD图像采集系统[D].硕士学位论文.大连理工大学,2009.
[9] HAM AGUCHI TADAHIKO,YAMASHITA HIROMI,OHTA AKIRA,et al.Contact-type color image sensor using three-LED switching method[A].Proc SPIE[C].1997,3019:146~153.
[10]程开富.接触式图像传感器的发展与应用[J].国外电子元器件,2002(06): 62~65.
[11]许学勇.CCD的工作原理及应用现状[J].广播电视技术,2009(05):81~85.
[12]冯涛,曹丹华,吴裕斌.基于DSP的CIS信号采集与处理技术[J].测控技术,2003,第22卷第8期:26~31.
[13]程开富.CCD图像传感器的市场与发展[J].国外电子元器件,2000(7):2~7.
[14]接触式影像传感器的技术介绍.http://blog.china.alibaba.com
[15]刘贵喜,杨万海.新型接触式图像传感器信号处理技术[J].光电子·微光,2000(12)第11卷第6期:576~578.
[16]戚务昌.新一代扫描仪之眼——CIS[J].计算机元器件,2001(2):21~23.
[17] LT2R54N-090819.SHANDONG HUALING ELECTRONICS CO.LTD.2009,11.
[18]张智辉,田地,杨义先.线阵CCD驱动电路设计的几种方法[J].仪表技术与传感器.2004(6):32~33.
[19]张秀万,赵立宏,向东,熊小民.一种CCD驱动电路设计的简明方法[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版).2005(12):99~102.
[20]曾维友,赵江,罗时军,刘国营.基于C51的线阵CCD驱动设计[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报.2009(3):62~64.
[21]张迎新,雷文,姚静波编著.C8051F系列SOC单片机原理及应用[M].国防工业出版社,2005:1~5.
[22]张培仁,孙力编著.基于C语言C8051F系列微控制器原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2007:7~11.
[23]潘琢金译.C8051F120/1/2/3/4/5/6/7、C8051F130/1/2/3系列混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器.2004,12.
[24]锁相环百度名片.http://baike.baidu.com/view/185165.htm
[25] TCRT1000/TCRT1010.Vishay Telefunken.
[26]杨锟.智能回弹仪系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2006
[27]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分[M].高等教育出版社,2003:106~135.
[28] LM158,LM158A,LM258,LM258A,LM358,LM358A,LM358Y,LM2904, LM2904Q DUAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS.1998.
[29]远坂俊昭.测量电子电路设计:滤波器篇[M].科学出版社,2006:20~40.
[30]胡佳林.基于线阵CCD回弹仪系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2010
[31]王有庆著.CCD应用技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003:120~121.
[32] TLC5510,TLC5510A 8-BIT HIGH-SPEED ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVER-TERS. http://www.ic37.com.
[33]温智宁,管自新.基于TLC5510的数据采集系统设计[J].国外电子元器件.2008(05):22~25.
[34]刘栋嫣,李欣,董静薇.基于CIS及LC5510的告诉图像采集系统[J].微型机与应用.2004(10):23~25.
[35]于胜学.闪速8位A/D转换器TLC5510与单片微机的接口技术[J].微计算机信息(嵌入式与SOC).2009年第25卷9-2期:15~16.
[36]李彩,王安,刘勇.8位高速A/D转换器TLC5510的应用[J].国外电子元件.2003(7) :59~61.
[37] CY6264 8K×8 Static RAM.Cypress Semiconductor Corporation.Revised August 8,2006.
[38]张阳阳.基于MSC1210的空压机无线测控系统[D].硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2009.
[39]产品数据手册(RF模组、公网产品).北京华荣汇通信设备有限公司RF事业部.2007,05.
[40]王明顺.基于LM2576的高可靠MCU电源设计[J].国外电子元器件.2004(11):12~14.
[41]杜力坤·苏来曼,刘吉超,艾德海江·马那甫[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版).2009(12)第28卷第4期:69~72.
[42] LM2576/LM2576HV Series SIMPLE SWITCHER 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator.National Semiconductor.June 1999.
[43] AS1117 800mA Low Dropout Regulator SCSI-ⅡActive Terminator.ALPHA SEMICONDUCTOR.
[44] JGJ_T_23-2001_回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程.中国建筑出版社.2001:7~28.
[45]孙鑫,余安萍编著.VC++深入详解[M].电子工业出版社.2007: 3~5.