基于USB的数据采集系统设计
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摘要
数据采集技术是以传感器、信号测量与处理、微型计算机等技术为基础而形成的一门综合应用技术,主要研究信息数据的采集、存储、处理以及控制等,涉及模拟信号调理、模拟信号数字化、数字信号处理等,具有很强的实用性。
     数据采集技术在工业控制系统中应用广泛。数据采集设备可实现对生产现场的各种参数进行采集、监视和记录,为提高产品质量、降低成本提供信息和手段。此外,在科学研究中,该装置也有着重要的使用价值,可获得大量的动态与静态信息,是科学研究的有力工具,也是探索科学奥秘的重要手段之一。
     随着计算机、微电子等技术和数据采集理论的迅速发展,数据采集系统的应用范围也在日益扩大,已逐步成为促进各个有关科技领域发展的重要手段。
     USB总线从诞生起就给许多领域带来了一场巨大的变革。它以灵活、方便、应用范围广、通信稳定、成本低廉等优点,使USB接口成为PC机的通用接口,尤其在USB总线实现传输速度达到480Mb/s之后,其应用范围更加广阔,一些原来不能应用USB的场合也可以使用,如大容量的数据采集、高保真的图像视频传输等。
     本文在分析USB协议的基础上,围绕设计目标,从整体方案、控制芯片及传输类型的设计选择,以及基于USB的实时数据采集软件设计等方面阐述了主要的设计研究工作。文章介绍了项目的总体概括,对采集系统的功能作了简要概述,并在此基础上,重点对硬件电路、固件程序、USB设备驱动程序和PC机Windows应用程序的设计实现进行了深入论述。USB控制芯片采用微芯公司的PIC18f2550单片机,硬件电路板经过试验测试,工作正常,性能稳定。设备驱动程序的开发采用Windows DDK和Visual C++,上位机应用程序采用Visual C++开发。
Data acquisition technology is a synthetical application technology based on technologies of sensor, signal measure and disposal and computer, which is studied on data acquisition, memory, disposal and control, related to analog signals disposal, transition from analog signal to digital signal, digital signal disposal.
    Technique of data acquisition is widely applied in industry control system, In production engineering, applying data acquisition device can implement acquisition, surveillance and records of processing parameters of field production, and offer information and means for improving quality of products and reducing cost, In science research, applying this system can acquire a mass of dynamic and static information; it is the forced tool for science researching, and one of important means of acquiring science inscrutability.
    With the development of computer and microelectronics technology and data acquisition theory, data acquisition system is widely applied, and it promoted the development of the involved fields of science and technology.
    Tremendous changes have occurred in many fields after USB come forth. Using USB is flexible and convenient in many fields with low cost, and USB interface becomes the general interface of computer. After transmission speed of USB reach up to speed of 480Mb/s, it is used more widely. For example, bulk data acquisition and high fidelity transmission of image video can carry out based of USB.
    According to the designing requirement of the project, we discuss and confirm the whole design scheme of the system on the basis of study on USB protocol, as well as the key issues of the selection of control chip and transfer type and real-time data acquisition system software design. In this article, general situation of the subject is presented, design and functions of data acquisition system are briefly described. On the basis of it, the emphasis is put on the detailed design of the firmware program, the USB driver program and the Windows application program. PIC18f2550 microcontroller is used as USB controlling chip. After the rigorous testing, hardware circuit board works well. Windows DDK and Visual C++ are adopted to make the device driver, and data acquisition system software is designed depending on Visual
    C++.
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