在环境保护中高能辐射污染监测的研究与意义
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摘要
随着当今人类社会的不断进步和科学事业的不断发展,以及放射性核素的广泛应用,越来越多的人们认识到放射性对机体造成的损害随着放射照射量增加而增大。由高能放射性辐射引起的环境问题和社会问题已越来越突出。放射性辐射在联合国人类环境保护会议上被列为造成公害的主要污染之一,我国颁布的中华人民共和国环境保护法也把它作为环境污染要素。
但是在国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)1977年第26号出版物中提出放射防护的三原则指导下,当任何放射实践,对人群和环境可能产生的危害比起个人和社会从中获得的利益应当是很小的时候,所进行的放射性工作就是正当的,是值得进行的。要有效预防和治理高能辐射污染,就必须有对高能辐射的程度进行定量判断,也就是必须对高能辐射进行计量监测。全天候不间断的实时动态探测计量是这种监测的主要特征。建立具有高速处理数据和超大量数据通信能力的探测系统,是这种监测遇到的关键问题。目前对高能辐射的常用方法效果粗劣,不可靠性巨大。解决不了全天候连续精准探测的问题。尤其对于连续变化而且动态变化很大的高能辐射监测环境不能适用。γ射线辐射属于高能辐射污染,是当今最广泛的一种放射性污染。γ射线高能辐射监测系统在其它所有各种不同射线的辐射监测系统中具有典型的代表性。本文主要对射线完高能辐射污染监测系统进行整体的分析与设计。完成以ATmega128单片机为核心的高速处理数据和超大量数据通信的Y射线高能辐射测量。建立监测数据统计控制平台,并设计监测数据可靠性质量评估数学模型,实现对监测数据的可靠性进行质量控制。本文设计γ射线高能辐射监测系统数据采集速率可达到5MS/S,数据传输速率达到1Mbit/S。无论从测量精度还是通信能力上都解决了对高能辐射全天候连续精准测量监测的问题。而且只要把这种监测系统的探头跟据被探测射线的种类不同稍做改变,整体系统即可适用所有各种不同射线的辐射监测。
It unceasingly is now progressive along with the human society and the scientific enterprise's swift development, as well as radionuclide's widespread application, more and more people realized that the harm which creates to organism increases to the radioactivity along with the emission illumination quantity increases, causes the environment question and the social question by the high energy radioactive radiation has been getting more and more prominent. The radioactive radiation is listed as in the United Nations human environment protection conference creates one of environmental damage's main pollution, our country promulgates the People's Republic of China pollution control regulation also takes it the environmental pollution essential factor.
But in the International Commission on Radiologicol Protection (ICRP) in 1977 in the 26th publication to propose under the radiological defense three principle instruction, when any emission practice, possibly produced to the crowd and the environment the harm compared individual and the society obtained the benefit which must is is very small, the radioactive work which carries on is right, was worth carrying on.
Must prevent and the government high-energy radiation pollution effectively, must the high-energy radiation degree carries on the quota judgment, it is also must carry on the measurement monitor to the high-energy radiation. All-weather uninterrupted real-time dynamic survey measurement is this kind of monitor chief feature. The establishment has processes the ultra big data and the high-speed service ability detection system,it is key question which this kind of monitor meets. At present it is bad to high-energy radiation's commonly used monitoring method effect, the unreliability is huge. That could not solve all-weather continuously accurate survey monitor problem. Especially regarding changes moreover the dynamic change very big high-energy radiation monitor environment not to be able continuously to be suitable.
Gamma the beam high-energy radiation pollution is now the most widespread one radioactive contamination. Gamma the beam high-energy radiation monitoring system has the model representation in other all each kind of different beam's radiation monitoring system. This article mainly carries on the whole to Gamma the beam high-energy radiation pollution monitoring system the analysis and the design. The completes take the ATmega128 MCU monolithic integrated circuit as the core high speed processing data and the ultra mass data correspondence Gamma the beam high-energy radiation survey. The establishment monitor data statistical control platform, and designs the monitor data reliability quality appraisal mathematical model, the realizes to monitors the data the reliability to carry on the quality control.
This article designs Gamma the beam high-energy radiation monitoring system data acquisition speed to be possible to achieve 5MS/S, the data transfer rate achieves 1Mbit/S. The regardless of has solved from the measuring accuracy or traffic capacity to the high-energy radiation all-weather continuously accurate survey monitor question. The moreover so long as with different makes slightly this kind of monitoring system's probe head according to the survey beam's type the change, the integrated system is suitable all each kind of different beam the radiation monitor.
但是在国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)1977年第26号出版物中提出放射防护的三原则指导下,当任何放射实践,对人群和环境可能产生的危害比起个人和社会从中获得的利益应当是很小的时候,所进行的放射性工作就是正当的,是值得进行的。要有效预防和治理高能辐射污染,就必须有对高能辐射的程度进行定量判断,也就是必须对高能辐射进行计量监测。全天候不间断的实时动态探测计量是这种监测的主要特征。建立具有高速处理数据和超大量数据通信能力的探测系统,是这种监测遇到的关键问题。目前对高能辐射的常用方法效果粗劣,不可靠性巨大。解决不了全天候连续精准探测的问题。尤其对于连续变化而且动态变化很大的高能辐射监测环境不能适用。γ射线辐射属于高能辐射污染,是当今最广泛的一种放射性污染。γ射线高能辐射监测系统在其它所有各种不同射线的辐射监测系统中具有典型的代表性。本文主要对射线完高能辐射污染监测系统进行整体的分析与设计。完成以ATmega128单片机为核心的高速处理数据和超大量数据通信的Y射线高能辐射测量。建立监测数据统计控制平台,并设计监测数据可靠性质量评估数学模型,实现对监测数据的可靠性进行质量控制。本文设计γ射线高能辐射监测系统数据采集速率可达到5MS/S,数据传输速率达到1Mbit/S。无论从测量精度还是通信能力上都解决了对高能辐射全天候连续精准测量监测的问题。而且只要把这种监测系统的探头跟据被探测射线的种类不同稍做改变,整体系统即可适用所有各种不同射线的辐射监测。
It unceasingly is now progressive along with the human society and the scientific enterprise's swift development, as well as radionuclide's widespread application, more and more people realized that the harm which creates to organism increases to the radioactivity along with the emission illumination quantity increases, causes the environment question and the social question by the high energy radioactive radiation has been getting more and more prominent. The radioactive radiation is listed as in the United Nations human environment protection conference creates one of environmental damage's main pollution, our country promulgates the People's Republic of China pollution control regulation also takes it the environmental pollution essential factor.
But in the International Commission on Radiologicol Protection (ICRP) in 1977 in the 26th publication to propose under the radiological defense three principle instruction, when any emission practice, possibly produced to the crowd and the environment the harm compared individual and the society obtained the benefit which must is is very small, the radioactive work which carries on is right, was worth carrying on.
Must prevent and the government high-energy radiation pollution effectively, must the high-energy radiation degree carries on the quota judgment, it is also must carry on the measurement monitor to the high-energy radiation. All-weather uninterrupted real-time dynamic survey measurement is this kind of monitor chief feature. The establishment has processes the ultra big data and the high-speed service ability detection system,it is key question which this kind of monitor meets. At present it is bad to high-energy radiation's commonly used monitoring method effect, the unreliability is huge. That could not solve all-weather continuously accurate survey monitor problem. Especially regarding changes moreover the dynamic change very big high-energy radiation monitor environment not to be able continuously to be suitable.
Gamma the beam high-energy radiation pollution is now the most widespread one radioactive contamination. Gamma the beam high-energy radiation monitoring system has the model representation in other all each kind of different beam's radiation monitoring system. This article mainly carries on the whole to Gamma the beam high-energy radiation pollution monitoring system the analysis and the design. The completes take the ATmega128 MCU monolithic integrated circuit as the core high speed processing data and the ultra mass data correspondence Gamma the beam high-energy radiation survey. The establishment monitor data statistical control platform, and designs the monitor data reliability quality appraisal mathematical model, the realizes to monitors the data the reliability to carry on the quality control.
This article designs Gamma the beam high-energy radiation monitoring system data acquisition speed to be possible to achieve 5MS/S, the data transfer rate achieves 1Mbit/S. The regardless of has solved from the measuring accuracy or traffic capacity to the high-energy radiation all-weather continuously accurate survey monitor question. The moreover so long as with different makes slightly this kind of monitoring system's probe head according to the survey beam's type the change, the integrated system is suitable all each kind of different beam the radiation monitor.
引文
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[4]ATmega128/128L中文手册,ATMEL公司,1997
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[9]孙贵红,鲍可进高速数据采集系统的设计微计算机信息.1998.
[10](美)阿克塞尔森(Jan Axelson)陈逸,等.USB大全[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[11]沈兰荪.高速数据采集系统原理及应用[M]合肥：中国科技大学出版社,1995.
[12]Don Anderson,精英科技.USB系统体系[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[13]ATMEL公司芯片ATMEGA128参考手册文件ATmega128 Complete.pdf
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[17]陈逸,等.USB大全[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
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[19]萧世文.USB 2.0硬件设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[20]刘少峰,韦克平.USB软件系统的开发[M].计算机应用研究,2002.
[21]马忠梅,张剀,马岩等编著,单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M],北京：中国航空航天大学出版社,1999.
[22]胡荣强 郝艳杰.USB接口在数据采集系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(1)：51-52.
[23]北京滨松公司光电倍增管CR110参考手册
[24]周蓉生.核方法原理及应用[M].北京：地质出版社,1994.
[25]周立功等,PDIUSBD12 USB固件编程与驱动开发北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[26]曾俊玲等.USB接口在通信方面的研究和应用.计算机仿真,2003,20(2)
[27]史波,田凯.通用串行总线USB技术概述.信息技术,2001,4
[28]毛德柱,周凯.智能寻位加工技术中USB接口数据传输方式的应用研究,电子技术应用,2000,26(3)
[29]Jan Axelson,USB大全,北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[30]肖踞雄,翁铁成USB技术及应用设计北京：清华大学出版社2003.11 1-24
[31]高美珍,宋洪平.基于USB接口和嵌入式芯片总线的数据采集系统。仪表技术与仪器,2005.8,56-58
[32]张弘.USB接口设计.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[33]南京沁恒电子有限公司。 USB 总线接口芯片 CH375。http://www.winchiphead.com/download/CH375/CH375D1.PDF.2005
[34]李强.C++语言程序设计。北京：清华大学出版社,北方交通大学出版社,2003.
[35]苗书立,杨建宇,熊金涛.12b双通道高速A/D转换器AD9238的原理及应用.现代电子技术,2004,13：1-5
[36]刘书明.高性能A/D与数模转换器件.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[37]耿德根,宋建国,马潮 AVR高速嵌入式单片机原理与应用第2版北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.10 1-15 60-82
[38]吴治华,等,原子核物理实验方法论[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1997.
[39]孟庆昌,等,C语言程序设计[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2002
[40]黄金凤,李占贤.基于89C51的多道脉冲幅度分析器及接口电路[J],自动化与仪表,2003(3)：61-62.
[41]周建斌,黄锦华.USB接口技术在核谱测量系统中的应用研究[J].核电子学与探测技术.2004,24(5).
[42]David Simon,周瑜萍,等Visual C++6编程宝典[M].电子工业出版社,2005.314-317
[43]基于单片机AT89S8252与A/D1674的数据采集[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(2)：121-122,185.
[49]马伟.计算机USB系统原理及其主／从机设计.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.231-235
[50]王立吉.计量学基础[M].北京：中国计量出版社,1997.140-148
[51]王广成,李士伟,等.浅谈X-S计量控制图在质量管理中的应用[J].中国计量.2004(6).-28-30
[52]粟智.质量控制图的原理和方法及在仪器分析中的应用[J].理化检验：化学分册.2005,41(5).-343-346
[53]陈绚青.对标准差控制图的一点讨论[J].江苏技术师范学院学报.2003,9(2).-33-39
[54]赖万昌,葛良全,等.新型便携式微机多道γ能谱仪的研制[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,24(1)：-37-40.
[55]李国正,谭南林.基于USB的CAN总线转接器设计[J].国外电子测量技术,2007,26(3)：
[2]王经谨.核电子学.北京：原子能出版社,1985.
[3]宋建国.AVR单片机原理及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.22-26
[4]ATmega128/128L中文手册,ATMEL公司,1997
[5]周彤,魏义祥.基于USB传输的多道分析器系统程序设计.核电子学与探测技术,2002,7(4)：308-310
[7]范寿康,王宁.单片微型计算机的应用开发技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1994.
[8]周振宇,谷海颖基于usb总线的实时数据采集系统设计电子技术应用.2002.
[9]孙贵红,鲍可进高速数据采集系统的设计微计算机信息.1998.
[10](美)阿克塞尔森(Jan Axelson)陈逸,等.USB大全[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[11]沈兰荪.高速数据采集系统原理及应用[M]合肥：中国科技大学出版社,1995.
[12]Don Anderson,精英科技.USB系统体系[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[13]ATMEL公司芯片ATMEGA128参考手册文件ATmega128 Complete.pdf
[14]张毅乾等.单片微型计算机原理及应用[M]西安.：西安电子科技大学出版社,1998.
[15]李群芳、黄建.单片微型计算机与接口技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[16]窦振中.单片机外围器件实用手册存储器分册[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.
[17]陈逸,等.USB大全[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[18]万福君,潘松峰,等.单片微机原理系统设计与应用[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[19]萧世文.USB 2.0硬件设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[20]刘少峰,韦克平.USB软件系统的开发[M].计算机应用研究,2002.
[21]马忠梅,张剀,马岩等编著,单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M],北京：中国航空航天大学出版社,1999.
[22]胡荣强 郝艳杰.USB接口在数据采集系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(1)：51-52.
[23]北京滨松公司光电倍增管CR110参考手册
[24]周蓉生.核方法原理及应用[M].北京：地质出版社,1994.
[25]周立功等,PDIUSBD12 USB固件编程与驱动开发北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[26]曾俊玲等.USB接口在通信方面的研究和应用.计算机仿真,2003,20(2)
[27]史波,田凯.通用串行总线USB技术概述.信息技术,2001,4
[28]毛德柱,周凯.智能寻位加工技术中USB接口数据传输方式的应用研究,电子技术应用,2000,26(3)
[29]Jan Axelson,USB大全,北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[30]肖踞雄,翁铁成USB技术及应用设计北京：清华大学出版社2003.11 1-24
[31]高美珍,宋洪平.基于USB接口和嵌入式芯片总线的数据采集系统。仪表技术与仪器,2005.8,56-58
[32]张弘.USB接口设计.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[33]南京沁恒电子有限公司。 USB 总线接口芯片 CH375。http://www.winchiphead.com/download/CH375/CH375D1.PDF.2005
[34]李强.C++语言程序设计。北京：清华大学出版社,北方交通大学出版社,2003.
[35]苗书立,杨建宇,熊金涛.12b双通道高速A/D转换器AD9238的原理及应用.现代电子技术,2004,13：1-5
[36]刘书明.高性能A/D与数模转换器件.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[37]耿德根,宋建国,马潮 AVR高速嵌入式单片机原理与应用第2版北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.10 1-15 60-82
[38]吴治华,等,原子核物理实验方法论[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1997.
[39]孟庆昌,等,C语言程序设计[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2002
[40]黄金凤,李占贤.基于89C51的多道脉冲幅度分析器及接口电路[J],自动化与仪表,2003(3)：61-62.
[41]周建斌,黄锦华.USB接口技术在核谱测量系统中的应用研究[J].核电子学与探测技术.2004,24(5).
[42]David Simon,周瑜萍,等Visual C++6编程宝典[M].电子工业出版社,2005.314-317
[43]基于单片机AT89S8252与A/D1674的数据采集[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(2)：121-122,185.
[49]马伟.计算机USB系统原理及其主／从机设计.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.231-235
[50]王立吉.计量学基础[M].北京：中国计量出版社,1997.140-148
[51]王广成,李士伟,等.浅谈X-S计量控制图在质量管理中的应用[J].中国计量.2004(6).-28-30
[52]粟智.质量控制图的原理和方法及在仪器分析中的应用[J].理化检验：化学分册.2005,41(5).-343-346
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