中小型燃煤锅炉仿人智能控制系统的实现
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摘要
我国是当今世界燃煤锅炉生产和使用最多的国家, 近几年，随着人们环保意识的不断加强, 很多地方政府都相继开展了“清洁能源”活动，对燃煤锅炉不同程度地进行了煤改油/气技术改造。但是，由于油气锅炉的运行成本较高，目前燃煤锅炉的煤改气工程，还仅仅限于小型煤炉，大量的容量在10t/h到35t/h之间的中小型燃煤锅炉仍在运行。因此，应用先进的控制理论，对这些中小型锅炉进行有效的控制，对于提高它们的热效率，降低耗煤量和环境污染具有一定的现实意义。
本文在重庆龙运公司多年锅炉控制的理论研究和实践经验的基础上，利用仿人智能控制理论，采用面向对象编程技术，针对中小型链条炉，开发出了一套用于燃煤锅炉控制的基于工控机的智能控制系统。该系统具有控制、显示、打印、报警、连锁及数据存储和查询等功能。既可以灵活地进行硬件配置，又可以方便地进行系统扩展。
锅炉的控制系统包括水位控制、蒸汽过热控制、燃烧控制以及顺序控制等系统。同油气锅炉相比，燃煤锅炉控制的难度在于燃烧控制，由于燃煤锅炉的给煤量难以准确测量，同时，不同的煤种，其发热量相差较大，即使对于同一种燃煤，其发热量随煤质的不同也有差异。因此很难准确地计算出即时的燃料发热量。这些因素给煤炉燃烧系统的控制带来了较大的难度。本文利用仿人智能控制理论的多模态思想，参考国内外有关资料，对锅炉的燃烧控制进行了仿人智能控制的研究，并给出了仿真结果，基本上取得了预期的效果。
In our country, many coal boilers are made and used each year .In recent years, with the awareness of environment protection becoming stronger and stronger, many local governments have been carrying out the work named "clean energy" , so , many coal boilers were transformed into oil or gas boilers in some degrees. But , because of the running cost of oil or gas boiler is higher than coal boiler , it was only small coal boiler which was transformed into oil or gas boiler at present , many middling and small coal boilers whose capacity are between 10 and 35 t/h is still running .It can improve their thermal efficiency and cut down the consume of coal and pollution to apply the advanced theory to the controll of these coal boilers.
In this thesis , using the theoretical research and practical experience about boiler control of Lonfort company , we apply the Human Simulating Intelligent Control (HSIC) arithmetic , adopt the Object-Oriented Methodology, development an intelligent control system for middling and small coal boilers . This control system bases on industrial PC ,it has the functions such as controlling、displaying、printing、alerting、interlock、recording and inquiring and so on .It can be constructed conveniently in hardware and improved in software.
The boiler control system includes water level control、overhear steam control、combustion control and so on..Compared with oil and gas boiler, the difficulty of coal boiler control is combustion control. The quantity of coal can not be exactly measured, moreover , the calorific capacity is different for different type of coal . So,it is difficult to exactly calculate the quantity of heat of coal. These factors bring about difficulty for combustion control of coal boiler. In this thesis, we research the combustion control of coal boiler using the HSIC arithmetica,and give the emulation result.
本文在重庆龙运公司多年锅炉控制的理论研究和实践经验的基础上，利用仿人智能控制理论，采用面向对象编程技术，针对中小型链条炉，开发出了一套用于燃煤锅炉控制的基于工控机的智能控制系统。该系统具有控制、显示、打印、报警、连锁及数据存储和查询等功能。既可以灵活地进行硬件配置，又可以方便地进行系统扩展。
锅炉的控制系统包括水位控制、蒸汽过热控制、燃烧控制以及顺序控制等系统。同油气锅炉相比，燃煤锅炉控制的难度在于燃烧控制，由于燃煤锅炉的给煤量难以准确测量，同时，不同的煤种，其发热量相差较大，即使对于同一种燃煤，其发热量随煤质的不同也有差异。因此很难准确地计算出即时的燃料发热量。这些因素给煤炉燃烧系统的控制带来了较大的难度。本文利用仿人智能控制理论的多模态思想，参考国内外有关资料，对锅炉的燃烧控制进行了仿人智能控制的研究，并给出了仿真结果，基本上取得了预期的效果。
In our country, many coal boilers are made and used each year .In recent years, with the awareness of environment protection becoming stronger and stronger, many local governments have been carrying out the work named "clean energy" , so , many coal boilers were transformed into oil or gas boilers in some degrees. But , because of the running cost of oil or gas boiler is higher than coal boiler , it was only small coal boiler which was transformed into oil or gas boiler at present , many middling and small coal boilers whose capacity are between 10 and 35 t/h is still running .It can improve their thermal efficiency and cut down the consume of coal and pollution to apply the advanced theory to the controll of these coal boilers.
In this thesis , using the theoretical research and practical experience about boiler control of Lonfort company , we apply the Human Simulating Intelligent Control (HSIC) arithmetic , adopt the Object-Oriented Methodology, development an intelligent control system for middling and small coal boilers . This control system bases on industrial PC ,it has the functions such as controlling、displaying、printing、alerting、interlock、recording and inquiring and so on .It can be constructed conveniently in hardware and improved in software.
The boiler control system includes water level control、overhear steam control、combustion control and so on..Compared with oil and gas boiler, the difficulty of coal boiler control is combustion control. The quantity of coal can not be exactly measured, moreover , the calorific capacity is different for different type of coal . So,it is difficult to exactly calculate the quantity of heat of coal. These factors bring about difficulty for combustion control of coal boiler. In this thesis, we research the combustion control of coal boiler using the HSIC arithmetica,and give the emulation result.
引文
[1] 王锦标、方崇智 . 过程计算机控制 . 清华大学出版社 . 1992
[2] 孙优贤、孙红 . 锅炉设备的自动控制 . 化学工业出版社 . 1982
[3] 张亮明、夏桂娟 . 工业锅炉自动控制 . 中国建筑工业出版社 .1987
[4] 张亮明、夏桂娟 .工业锅炉热工检测与过程控制 .天津大学出版社 .1992
[5] 张良仪、朱勇 等 .工业锅炉微机控制 .上海交通大学出版社 .1991
[6] 孙秀权、唐健、于秀银、杨汝华 等 .锅炉和工业窑炉实用计算机控制技术.
国防工业出版社 . 1993
[7] 李祖枢 .仿人智能控制研究20年 . 中国智能自动化学术会议 . 重庆 .1999
[8] 白美卿、高富强 . 仿人智能温度控制器 . 仪器仪表学报 . 1988 .Vol.9 .No.1 .PP.85-89
[9] 涂亚庆、李祖枢 .一种新型的仿人智能控制器的设计方法 .
自动化学报.1994 .Vol.20 .No.5 .PP.616-621
[10] 李南、周其鉴 . 智能调节参数在线仿人自整定 .
重庆大学学报 . 1985 .1 .P135-145
[11] Zhou Qi Jian, Bai Jianguo . An Intelligent Controller of Novel Design .
Proceedings of A Multinational Instrument Conference.1983
[12] 袁亚军 .基于工控机的锅炉智能控制系统的设计与研究 .
重庆大学硕士学位论文 .2001
[13] 梁道军、雷国江、戴永寿、郑金吾 .用模块化DCS实现燃煤热水锅炉的燃烧控制 .工业仪表与自动化装置 .1999 .4 .P19-22
[14] 张素刚 . 引进国外先进技术，提高工业锅炉产品水平 .工业锅炉 .1998 .1
[15] 孙增圻 等 .智能控制理论与技术 .清华大学出版社 .1997
[16] M.D.Waltz,K.S.Fu . A heuistic approach to reinforcement learning control system . IEEE Trans .on AC,1965,10(14)
[17] J.M.Mendel . Application of artificial intelligence techniques to a spacecraft control problem.Dongles Rept.DAC-59328,1996
[18] K.S.Fu . Learning control systems and intelligent control systems: An intersection intelligent and automatic control. IEEE trans. AC,1971,16(1)
[19] E.H.Mamdani . Applications of fuzzy algorithm for control for simple dynamic plant. Proc.of IEEE,1974,121(12)
[20] Saridis G N .Self-Organizing Control of Stochastic Systems .Marcel Dekker .Inc. 1977
[21] G.N.Saridis toward the realization of intelligent control.Proc.of the IEEE,1979,67(8)
[22] Astrom K J,Anton J J,Arzen K E . Expert Control .Automatica .1986 .22(3)
[23] D.A.White,D.A.Sofge. Handbook of intelligent control, neural, fuzzy and adaptive approaches. Van Nostrand,1992
[24] 李祖枢 .智能控制理论研究 .信息与控制 .1991 .5
[25] 李祖枢 .智能控制—人工智能、控制理论和计算机科学的交叉 .中国人工智能学会计算机视觉与智能控制学会学术年会 CVCI'89 . 重庆 .1989
[26] 李祖枢、徐鸣、周其鉴 .一种新型的仿人智能控制器 .自动化学报 .Vol16 .No.6 .PP503-509
[27] 张海藩 .软件工程导论 .清华大学出版社 .1998
[28] 张松梅 .C++语言教程 .电子科技大学出版社 .1993
[29] 王晖 等 .精通VisualC++6.0 .电子工业出版社 .1999
[30] 范朝阳、张良驹 .多线程程序设计的概念与应用 .小型微型计算机系统 .Vol17 .No.4 .1996.4
[31] C.L.Smith著 .数字计算机过程控制 .石油工业出版社 . 1982
[32] 仿人智能控制理论研究论文集 . 重庆大学智能控制研究所 . 1992
[33] 金以慧 .过程控制. 清华大学出版社. 1993
[34] 梁道君、雷国江、戴永寿、郑金吾 .用模块化DCS实现燃煤热水锅炉的燃烧控制 .工业仪表与自动化装置 .1999.4
[35] Jan H.Mortensen、Tommy Moelbak、Palle Andersen、Tom S.Pedersen. Optimization of boiler control to improve the load-following capability of power-plant uints . Control Engineering Practice .Vol6(1998) P1531-1539
[36] Li Zushu,Tu Yaqing,Etc. Design and Application of Controllers Based on Method For Emulating Human Intelligence IMEKO TCT Int'I Symp.Imao'91.Kyoto Japan P327-332 1991.
[37] Yangsheng Xu、Jingyan Song、Michael C.Nechyba、Yeung Yam. Performance evaluation and optimization of human control dtrategy. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. Vol39(2002).P19-36
[38] K.J.Astrom、T.Hagglund .The future of PID control . Control Engineering Practice. Vol9(2001).P1163-1175
[39] Li,L.Z.,Qin,S.Y. and Wan,B.W.. Intelligent Optimization Method for Large-Scale Systems with Fuzzy Parameters. Proc. Of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Oct., Chicago, U.S.A. 1992,2
[40] T.Ray Chaudhuri.et at. From conventional control to autonomous intelligent methods. IEEE Control Systems,Oct,1996
[2] 孙优贤、孙红 . 锅炉设备的自动控制 . 化学工业出版社 . 1982
[3] 张亮明、夏桂娟 . 工业锅炉自动控制 . 中国建筑工业出版社 .1987
[4] 张亮明、夏桂娟 .工业锅炉热工检测与过程控制 .天津大学出版社 .1992
[5] 张良仪、朱勇 等 .工业锅炉微机控制 .上海交通大学出版社 .1991
[6] 孙秀权、唐健、于秀银、杨汝华 等 .锅炉和工业窑炉实用计算机控制技术.
国防工业出版社 . 1993
[7] 李祖枢 .仿人智能控制研究20年 . 中国智能自动化学术会议 . 重庆 .1999
[8] 白美卿、高富强 . 仿人智能温度控制器 . 仪器仪表学报 . 1988 .Vol.9 .No.1 .PP.85-89
[9] 涂亚庆、李祖枢 .一种新型的仿人智能控制器的设计方法 .
自动化学报.1994 .Vol.20 .No.5 .PP.616-621
[10] 李南、周其鉴 . 智能调节参数在线仿人自整定 .
重庆大学学报 . 1985 .1 .P135-145
[11] Zhou Qi Jian, Bai Jianguo . An Intelligent Controller of Novel Design .
Proceedings of A Multinational Instrument Conference.1983
[12] 袁亚军 .基于工控机的锅炉智能控制系统的设计与研究 .
重庆大学硕士学位论文 .2001
[13] 梁道军、雷国江、戴永寿、郑金吾 .用模块化DCS实现燃煤热水锅炉的燃烧控制 .工业仪表与自动化装置 .1999 .4 .P19-22
[14] 张素刚 . 引进国外先进技术，提高工业锅炉产品水平 .工业锅炉 .1998 .1
[15] 孙增圻 等 .智能控制理论与技术 .清华大学出版社 .1997
[16] M.D.Waltz,K.S.Fu . A heuistic approach to reinforcement learning control system . IEEE Trans .on AC,1965,10(14)
[17] J.M.Mendel . Application of artificial intelligence techniques to a spacecraft control problem.Dongles Rept.DAC-59328,1996
[18] K.S.Fu . Learning control systems and intelligent control systems: An intersection intelligent and automatic control. IEEE trans. AC,1971,16(1)
[19] E.H.Mamdani . Applications of fuzzy algorithm for control for simple dynamic plant. Proc.of IEEE,1974,121(12)
[20] Saridis G N .Self-Organizing Control of Stochastic Systems .Marcel Dekker .Inc. 1977
[21] G.N.Saridis toward the realization of intelligent control.Proc.of the IEEE,1979,67(8)
[22] Astrom K J,Anton J J,Arzen K E . Expert Control .Automatica .1986 .22(3)
[23] D.A.White,D.A.Sofge. Handbook of intelligent control, neural, fuzzy and adaptive approaches. Van Nostrand,1992
[24] 李祖枢 .智能控制理论研究 .信息与控制 .1991 .5
[25] 李祖枢 .智能控制—人工智能、控制理论和计算机科学的交叉 .中国人工智能学会计算机视觉与智能控制学会学术年会 CVCI'89 . 重庆 .1989
[26] 李祖枢、徐鸣、周其鉴 .一种新型的仿人智能控制器 .自动化学报 .Vol16 .No.6 .PP503-509
[27] 张海藩 .软件工程导论 .清华大学出版社 .1998
[28] 张松梅 .C++语言教程 .电子科技大学出版社 .1993
[29] 王晖 等 .精通VisualC++6.0 .电子工业出版社 .1999
[30] 范朝阳、张良驹 .多线程程序设计的概念与应用 .小型微型计算机系统 .Vol17 .No.4 .1996.4
[31] C.L.Smith著 .数字计算机过程控制 .石油工业出版社 . 1982
[32] 仿人智能控制理论研究论文集 . 重庆大学智能控制研究所 . 1992
[33] 金以慧 .过程控制. 清华大学出版社. 1993
[34] 梁道君、雷国江、戴永寿、郑金吾 .用模块化DCS实现燃煤热水锅炉的燃烧控制 .工业仪表与自动化装置 .1999.4
[35] Jan H.Mortensen、Tommy Moelbak、Palle Andersen、Tom S.Pedersen. Optimization of boiler control to improve the load-following capability of power-plant uints . Control Engineering Practice .Vol6(1998) P1531-1539
[36] Li Zushu,Tu Yaqing,Etc. Design and Application of Controllers Based on Method For Emulating Human Intelligence IMEKO TCT Int'I Symp.Imao'91.Kyoto Japan P327-332 1991.
[37] Yangsheng Xu、Jingyan Song、Michael C.Nechyba、Yeung Yam. Performance evaluation and optimization of human control dtrategy. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. Vol39(2002).P19-36
[38] K.J.Astrom、T.Hagglund .The future of PID control . Control Engineering Practice. Vol9(2001).P1163-1175
[39] Li,L.Z.,Qin,S.Y. and Wan,B.W.. Intelligent Optimization Method for Large-Scale Systems with Fuzzy Parameters. Proc. Of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Oct., Chicago, U.S.A. 1992,2
[40] T.Ray Chaudhuri.et at. From conventional control to autonomous intelligent methods. IEEE Control Systems,Oct,1996