基于光纤传感的危险环境安全监测方法和关键技术的研究
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摘要
危险环境是安全事故高危地点,对人类生命财产和社会安全构成极大危害,必须建立科学而严密的安全管理体系,有效地防止重大事故的发生。同时利用高新技术,建立完善的、有效的安全监测系统,以提高自防自救能力。
对于危险环境中的信号检测,传统的电类传感器存在长期稳定性、耐久性和分布测量等问题,特别是通过电信号进行检测和传输势必要将电信号引入危险区域,无法从根本上消除安全隐患。而光纤传感技术有效地克服了电类传感系统存在的不足,尤其是其本质安全的特性,为解决危险环境中的安全参数检测,提供了一种良好的技术手段。
本文是在国家科技部863项目“光纤光栅传感技术及产业化研究”、国家科技部国家新产品项目“光纤光栅感温火灾报警系统”等支持下,在导师的悉心指导下,经过5年的努力,从基础理论、基本方法、关键技术和工程应用上研究了安全检测技术和光纤传感技术及其在危险环境中构成的光纤传感安全监测系统,解决了危险环境安全监测重大技术问题,满足了危险环境工业安全生产的需要和网络化信息管理的需要。本文多项研究成果通过相关的成果鉴定,并已在工业生产中得到广泛的应用,为危险环境中的安全生产管理提供了新的解决方法。
本文研究了危险环境安全检测的基本方法和理论。分析了危险环境安全检测的检测参数,为危险环境安全检测系统提供检测手段;讨论了检测系统的可靠性技术和影响检测系统可靠性的问题及其一般的解决办法。还研究了危险环境中的光纤传感技术。从传感器的本质安全特性出发,论述了危险环境对传感器的防爆特性要求。介绍了光纤传感器的原理和分类,比较了几种不同类型的光纤传感器的性能。并重点讨论了光纤光栅感温火灾报警器及光纤光栅感温火灾报警系统、光纤光栅应变传感器、光纤液位计、光纤气体探测器等危险环境光纤检测技术的主要设备。同时还研究了危险环境光纤传感器的信号采集和传输技术,并研究了基于MODBUS现场总线技术的光纤传感网络数据传输技术。这是危险环境光纤传感安全监测技术的基础。
在此基础上本文研究了基于光纤传感的危险环境安全监测系统理论。论述了基于光纤传感的危险环境安全监测系统的基本组成,以多种光纤传感器为安全信息获取手段,以计算机网络技术为平台,建立安全监测系统体系结构。重点研究了光纤传感安全监测系统中的光纤光栅解调技术、多光纤传感器系统集成、信号传输技术及系统软件的实现技术和方法。最后讨论了系统的可靠性和具体的抗干扰措施及防雷措施。
本文最后研究了危险环境光纤传感安全监测系统的工程应用技术。研究了危险环境光纤传感安全监测系统数据采集和传输、冗余网络设计、OPC技术和远程维护等关键技术,提出并研究了利用光纤液位计和光纤光栅温度传感器联合实现泄露检测、光纤光栅火灾报警器和视频监视器联合实现视频联动安全监测的应用方法。并以光纤传感安全监测系统在油田、油库、隧道的典型应用为例,验证了基于光纤传感的危险环境监测方法和技术的可行性、实用性和安全性。
Dangerous environment is highly critical safety accident place, which will endanger the human life and social security. It is necessary to establish a scientific and rigorous security management system that effectively prevents the major accident. Meanwhile, utilizing new and advanced technologies and establishing perfect, effective security monitoring systems and enhance the ability of self-defence and self-help.
For signal detecting in dangerous environment, problem of traditional electrical sensors are long-term stability, durability and distributed measurement. Especially the detection and transmission of electrical signal introduce electricity into dangerous areas, which can not basically avoid the potential danger. Optic fiber sensing technology efficiently conquers the deficiency of the electrical sensing system, especially its feature of intrinsic safety. This affords a promising technical solution to detect security parameter in dangerous environments.
With the financial support from national MOST including the 863 project "fiber grating sensing technology and its industrialization" and the new production project "fiber grating temperature sensing for fire alarm system", under my tutor's guidance in 5 years, security monitoring, optic fiber sensing technology and optic fiber sensing security system are studied in basic theory, basic approach, key technologies and engineering application. These resolve the major technology problem of dangerous environment security monitoring and satisfy the industry safety production and the networking information management. Many items of the research work in this paper has passed the judgment and has widely used in industry production providing a new resolvent for security production management in dangerous environments.
This paper studies the security monitoring basic method and theory in dangerous environment. The security monitoring parameter and existing method are analyzed; problems and its solutions way that influent the reliability of monitoring system are discussed. Optic fiber sensing technology in dangerous environment is studied; the requirement of sensor explosive proof feature is discussed based on the intrinsic safety feature of sensors. The principle and catalog of the optic fiber sensors are introduced and several different kinds of optic fiber sensors are compared. Key instrument of optic fiber monitoring technology in dangerous environment is discussed, including fiber grating temperature sensing fire alarm and its system, fiber grating strain sensors, fiber liquid level meters and fiber gas detectors. Meanwhile, the signal sampling and transmission technology in dangerous environment are reviewed, including the optic fiber sensing network data transmission technology based on the MODBUS field bus technology, which is the basic of optic fiber security monitoring technology in dangerous environments.
The theory of security monitoring system in dangerous environment based on the optic fiber sensing is investigated. The basic composition is discussed, the system structure of security monitoring system is established using optic fiber sensor as method to obtain security information and using computer network technology as platform. The implement technology and method are discussed, including fiber grating demodulation technology, multi optic fiber sensors system integration, signal transmission technology and its system software. The reliability of the system and material anti-jamming method, lightning protection measures are discussed in the last.
The last chapter is engineering application technology of dangerous environment optic fiber sensing security monitoring system. The key technologies and implement technologies of data sampling and transmission of this system, redundance network designing, OPC technology and long-distance maintenance are studied. The application methods are studied on how to realize the oil leak check with fiber liquid level meters and fiber grating temperature sensors, the video-linked safety check with fiber grating fire annunciators and video monitors. The typical application of fiber optic security monitoring system in oil field, oil depot and tunnel validate the feasibility, practicability and security of the monitoring method and technology in dangerous environment based on optic fiber sensing.
对于危险环境中的信号检测,传统的电类传感器存在长期稳定性、耐久性和分布测量等问题,特别是通过电信号进行检测和传输势必要将电信号引入危险区域,无法从根本上消除安全隐患。而光纤传感技术有效地克服了电类传感系统存在的不足,尤其是其本质安全的特性,为解决危险环境中的安全参数检测,提供了一种良好的技术手段。
本文是在国家科技部863项目“光纤光栅传感技术及产业化研究”、国家科技部国家新产品项目“光纤光栅感温火灾报警系统”等支持下,在导师的悉心指导下,经过5年的努力,从基础理论、基本方法、关键技术和工程应用上研究了安全检测技术和光纤传感技术及其在危险环境中构成的光纤传感安全监测系统,解决了危险环境安全监测重大技术问题,满足了危险环境工业安全生产的需要和网络化信息管理的需要。本文多项研究成果通过相关的成果鉴定,并已在工业生产中得到广泛的应用,为危险环境中的安全生产管理提供了新的解决方法。
本文研究了危险环境安全检测的基本方法和理论。分析了危险环境安全检测的检测参数,为危险环境安全检测系统提供检测手段;讨论了检测系统的可靠性技术和影响检测系统可靠性的问题及其一般的解决办法。还研究了危险环境中的光纤传感技术。从传感器的本质安全特性出发,论述了危险环境对传感器的防爆特性要求。介绍了光纤传感器的原理和分类,比较了几种不同类型的光纤传感器的性能。并重点讨论了光纤光栅感温火灾报警器及光纤光栅感温火灾报警系统、光纤光栅应变传感器、光纤液位计、光纤气体探测器等危险环境光纤检测技术的主要设备。同时还研究了危险环境光纤传感器的信号采集和传输技术,并研究了基于MODBUS现场总线技术的光纤传感网络数据传输技术。这是危险环境光纤传感安全监测技术的基础。
在此基础上本文研究了基于光纤传感的危险环境安全监测系统理论。论述了基于光纤传感的危险环境安全监测系统的基本组成,以多种光纤传感器为安全信息获取手段,以计算机网络技术为平台,建立安全监测系统体系结构。重点研究了光纤传感安全监测系统中的光纤光栅解调技术、多光纤传感器系统集成、信号传输技术及系统软件的实现技术和方法。最后讨论了系统的可靠性和具体的抗干扰措施及防雷措施。
本文最后研究了危险环境光纤传感安全监测系统的工程应用技术。研究了危险环境光纤传感安全监测系统数据采集和传输、冗余网络设计、OPC技术和远程维护等关键技术,提出并研究了利用光纤液位计和光纤光栅温度传感器联合实现泄露检测、光纤光栅火灾报警器和视频监视器联合实现视频联动安全监测的应用方法。并以光纤传感安全监测系统在油田、油库、隧道的典型应用为例,验证了基于光纤传感的危险环境监测方法和技术的可行性、实用性和安全性。
Dangerous environment is highly critical safety accident place, which will endanger the human life and social security. It is necessary to establish a scientific and rigorous security management system that effectively prevents the major accident. Meanwhile, utilizing new and advanced technologies and establishing perfect, effective security monitoring systems and enhance the ability of self-defence and self-help.
For signal detecting in dangerous environment, problem of traditional electrical sensors are long-term stability, durability and distributed measurement. Especially the detection and transmission of electrical signal introduce electricity into dangerous areas, which can not basically avoid the potential danger. Optic fiber sensing technology efficiently conquers the deficiency of the electrical sensing system, especially its feature of intrinsic safety. This affords a promising technical solution to detect security parameter in dangerous environments.
With the financial support from national MOST including the 863 project "fiber grating sensing technology and its industrialization" and the new production project "fiber grating temperature sensing for fire alarm system", under my tutor's guidance in 5 years, security monitoring, optic fiber sensing technology and optic fiber sensing security system are studied in basic theory, basic approach, key technologies and engineering application. These resolve the major technology problem of dangerous environment security monitoring and satisfy the industry safety production and the networking information management. Many items of the research work in this paper has passed the judgment and has widely used in industry production providing a new resolvent for security production management in dangerous environments.
This paper studies the security monitoring basic method and theory in dangerous environment. The security monitoring parameter and existing method are analyzed; problems and its solutions way that influent the reliability of monitoring system are discussed. Optic fiber sensing technology in dangerous environment is studied; the requirement of sensor explosive proof feature is discussed based on the intrinsic safety feature of sensors. The principle and catalog of the optic fiber sensors are introduced and several different kinds of optic fiber sensors are compared. Key instrument of optic fiber monitoring technology in dangerous environment is discussed, including fiber grating temperature sensing fire alarm and its system, fiber grating strain sensors, fiber liquid level meters and fiber gas detectors. Meanwhile, the signal sampling and transmission technology in dangerous environment are reviewed, including the optic fiber sensing network data transmission technology based on the MODBUS field bus technology, which is the basic of optic fiber security monitoring technology in dangerous environments.
The theory of security monitoring system in dangerous environment based on the optic fiber sensing is investigated. The basic composition is discussed, the system structure of security monitoring system is established using optic fiber sensor as method to obtain security information and using computer network technology as platform. The implement technology and method are discussed, including fiber grating demodulation technology, multi optic fiber sensors system integration, signal transmission technology and its system software. The reliability of the system and material anti-jamming method, lightning protection measures are discussed in the last.
The last chapter is engineering application technology of dangerous environment optic fiber sensing security monitoring system. The key technologies and implement technologies of data sampling and transmission of this system, redundance network designing, OPC technology and long-distance maintenance are studied. The application methods are studied on how to realize the oil leak check with fiber liquid level meters and fiber grating temperature sensors, the video-linked safety check with fiber grating fire annunciators and video monitors. The typical application of fiber optic security monitoring system in oil field, oil depot and tunnel validate the feasibility, practicability and security of the monitoring method and technology in dangerous environment based on optic fiber sensing.
引文
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