城市电网智能化规划评价指标研究
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摘要
随着电网智能化的发展以及我国智能电网试点建设工作的顺利开展，目前，我国很多城市都相继制定了智能电网规划建设的计划。为了使规划更加科学合理，有关智能电网规划的评价就成为了规划方案产生以后的头等重要任务。评价过程中，指标的确立是最关键的部分，选取的评价指标是否科学，对于评价的结果具有较大的影响。为此，本文建立了配电网智能化规划评价指标体系与城市电网智能化规划后评价指标体系，主要内容如下：
首先，以我国配电网智能化规划的内容为依据，结合智能配电网的关键技术特征，建立了配电网智能化规划评价指标体系，将指标体系分为：智能化的基础建设指标和绩效指标两部分。基础建设指标包含通信系统、主站、智能终端/子站以及分布式电源接入容量的规划评价指标四部分；绩效指标从电网性能、经济效益、社会效益三方面分析配电网智能化规划是否值得投资与实施，同时对各个指标的具体含义进行了介绍。
然后，采用层次分析法计算权重，通过模糊综合评判方法进行评判打分，以某城市的配电网智能化规划项目进行分析评价，评价结果证明了该评价指标体系的有效性与可行性。
最后，建立了一套城市电网智能化规划后评价指标体系，并给出了后评价的步骤流程。通过规划后评价对规划在执行过程中的进度、规模、落实情况等进行监督与检测，为智能电网规划评价的进一步完善起到了一定的促进作用，使智能电网的规划与建设能够沿着正确的方向发展。
With the development of smart grid construction in our country, the related planningof smart grid has been drawing up in many cities. So the scientific and reasonableevaluation for planning is the primary responsibility after the formulation of planningscheme. The establishment of evaluation index is the most key part in the whole processof evaluation, and the scientific and reasonable evaluation index has the importantinfluence for evaluating results. Therefore, the evaluation index system of distributionnetwork intelligent planning and city smart grid planning post evaluation system isestablished in this paper, the specific researches as follows:
Firstly, combining the key technology of smart grid, the evaluation index system ofdistribution network intelligent planning is established on the basis of the contents ofChina's distribution network intelligent planning which is divided into: intelligentinfrastructure index and performance index. The infrastructure index contains thecommunication systems, primary station, intelligent terminal/subside and planningevaluation index of distributed generation access capacity. The performance index analyzethe distribution network intelligent planning which are worth the investment andimplementation from the aspects of power grid performance, economic benefit and socialbenefit, and the specific meaning of each index are introduced.
Then, the method of analytic hierarchy is used to calculate the weight and the methodof fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to evaluate in a city of intelligent powerdistribution network planning project, and the results of evaluation prove that theevaluation index system is effective and feasible.
Finally, establishing a set of urban smart grid planning post evaluation index systemin this paper, and the process steps of the post evaluation is given. The index system isused to supervise and inspect the schedule and scale of the planning implementationprocess, and play a certain role in promoting the smart grid planning for the futureimprovement of evaluation, and make smart grid planning and construction in the correctdirection.
首先，以我国配电网智能化规划的内容为依据，结合智能配电网的关键技术特征，建立了配电网智能化规划评价指标体系，将指标体系分为：智能化的基础建设指标和绩效指标两部分。基础建设指标包含通信系统、主站、智能终端/子站以及分布式电源接入容量的规划评价指标四部分；绩效指标从电网性能、经济效益、社会效益三方面分析配电网智能化规划是否值得投资与实施，同时对各个指标的具体含义进行了介绍。
然后，采用层次分析法计算权重，通过模糊综合评判方法进行评判打分，以某城市的配电网智能化规划项目进行分析评价，评价结果证明了该评价指标体系的有效性与可行性。
最后，建立了一套城市电网智能化规划后评价指标体系，并给出了后评价的步骤流程。通过规划后评价对规划在执行过程中的进度、规模、落实情况等进行监督与检测，为智能电网规划评价的进一步完善起到了一定的促进作用，使智能电网的规划与建设能够沿着正确的方向发展。
With the development of smart grid construction in our country, the related planningof smart grid has been drawing up in many cities. So the scientific and reasonableevaluation for planning is the primary responsibility after the formulation of planningscheme. The establishment of evaluation index is the most key part in the whole processof evaluation, and the scientific and reasonable evaluation index has the importantinfluence for evaluating results. Therefore, the evaluation index system of distributionnetwork intelligent planning and city smart grid planning post evaluation system isestablished in this paper, the specific researches as follows:
Firstly, combining the key technology of smart grid, the evaluation index system ofdistribution network intelligent planning is established on the basis of the contents ofChina's distribution network intelligent planning which is divided into: intelligentinfrastructure index and performance index. The infrastructure index contains thecommunication systems, primary station, intelligent terminal/subside and planningevaluation index of distributed generation access capacity. The performance index analyzethe distribution network intelligent planning which are worth the investment andimplementation from the aspects of power grid performance, economic benefit and socialbenefit, and the specific meaning of each index are introduced.
Then, the method of analytic hierarchy is used to calculate the weight and the methodof fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to evaluate in a city of intelligent powerdistribution network planning project, and the results of evaluation prove that theevaluation index system is effective and feasible.
Finally, establishing a set of urban smart grid planning post evaluation index systemin this paper, and the process steps of the post evaluation is given. The index system isused to supervise and inspect the schedule and scale of the planning implementationprocess, and play a certain role in promoting the smart grid planning for the futureimprovement of evaluation, and make smart grid planning and construction in the correctdirection.
引文
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[2]张文亮,刘壮志,王明俊,等.智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势[J].电网技术, 2009, 33(13):1-11.
[3] European smart-grids technology platform: Vision and strategy for Europe’s electricity networksof the future[R]. Directorate-General for Research Sustainable Energy Systems, 2006.
[4] U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution.“Grid 2030”: anational vision for electricity’s second 100 years[EB/OL]. http: //www. oe. energy.Gov/Documents and Media/ Electric_Vision_Document. pdf.
[5] Smart Grid Research and Development Multi-Year Program Plan 2010-2014[EB/OL], MYPP.
[6] U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. The smart grid:an introduction [EB/OL]. http://www. oe. energy. gov/1165. htm.
[7]王智冬,李晖,李隽,等.智能电网的评估指标体系[J].电网技术, 2009, 33(17): 14-18.
[8]倪敬敏,何光宇,沈沉,等.美国智能电网评估综述[J].电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(8): 9-13.
[9]贾文昭,康重庆,刘长义,等.智能电网促进低碳发展的能力与效益测评模型[J].电力系统自动化, 2011, 35(1): 7-12.
[10]程茜.配电网投资项目后评价理论与实证研究[D].北京:华北电力大学硕士学位论文, 2009:2-9.
[11]谷志红.大唐来阳发电厂建设项目生产及财务后评价研究[D].北京:华北电力大学硕士学位论文, 2005:3-10.
[12]向前忠.公路网规划后评价方法[D].长安:长安大学硕士学位论文, 2002: 23-30.
[13]程宏伟.输变电工程项目后评价方法探索[D].郑州:郑州大学硕士学位论文, 2005: 25-26.
[14]朱登军.禹州农网改造项目后评价研究[D].北京:华北电力大学硕士学位论文, 2008: 66-71.
[15]李崇明,丁烈云.复杂系统评价指标的筛选方法[J].统计与决策, 2004, (9) : 8-9.
[16]王华,王云刚.基于信息熵的工程项目风险决策[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 2011, 4(2): 154-158.
[17]马丽叶.配电网运行经济性评价模型的建立与优化分析[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学博士学位论文, 2011: 13-17.
[18]秦梁栋,宋静,徐海东,等.河北南网高压电网网架综合评价方法探讨[J].电力系统自动化学报, 2011, 23(3): 89-94.
[19]程明熙.处理多目标决策问题的二项系数加权和法[J].系统工程理论与实践, 1983, (4):23-26.
[20]徐慧.基于主成分分析法的计量保证项目效益评价方法研究[J].计量与测试技术, 2011, (4):27-29.
[21]黄涛,张娟.基于熵值法的电网项目后评估技术性能综合评价[J].中国电力教育, 2010, (S1):431-433.
[22]钟慧荣,顾雪平.基于模糊层次分析法的黑启动方案评估及灵敏度分析[J].电力系统自动化,2010, 34(16): 34-37.
[23] Farghal S A, Kandil M S, Elmitwally A. Quantifying Electric Power Quality via Fuzzy Modelingand Analytic Hierarchy Processing[J]. IEEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission andDistribution, 2002, 149(1): 44- 49.
[24]张志良,郑文堂.应用数据包络法于企业信息化绩效评估研究[J].北方工业大学学报, 2006,18(1): 81-85.
[25]支家强,赵靖,李楠.基于人工神经网络法的绿色建筑评价[J].城市环境与城市生态, 2010,23(4): 44-47.
[26]汤特.基于灰色关联度分析法的电力投资项目决策分析[J].东北电力大学学报, 2010, 30(1):79-83.
[27]杜栋,庞庆华,吴炎.现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2008:150-154.
[28]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网述评[J].中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(34): 1-8.
[29]张景超,陈卓娅. AMI对未来电力系统的影响[J].电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(2): 20-23.
[30]张钦,王锡凡,王建学,等.电力市场下需求响应研究综述[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(3):97-106.
[31]静恩波.智能电网AMI中的智能电表系统设计[J].电测与仪表, 2010, 47(7): 36-39.
[32]徐小涛.基于EPON的FTTH数据传输机制[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术, 2010, 3(3): 38-41.
[33] Tang Yinggan, Cui Mingyong, Li Lixiang, et al. Parameter identification of time-delay chaoticsystem using chaotic ant swarm[J]. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , 2009, 41(4): 2097-2102.
[34] Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Assessment of demand response and advanced meteringAD-06-2-000 [R/OL]. 2009.
[35]余贻鑫.智能电网的技术组成和实现顺序[J].南方电网技术, 2009, 3(2): 1-6.
[36]徐丙垠,李天友,薛永端.智能配电网与配电自动化[J].电力系统自动化, 2009, 33(17):38-41.
[37]吴俊勇.“智能电网综述”技术讲座第一讲智能电网的核心内涵和技术框架[J].电力电子.2010, (1): 55-59.
[38] Sun Zhongwei, Ma Yaning, Sun Fengjie, et al. Access control for distribution automation usingEthernet passive optical network[C]. Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC),March, 2010, 1-4.
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