基于移动物联网的区域协同心血管病急救模式研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
我国心血管病发病的危险因素持续增长,心血管病发病率和死亡率居高不下,疾病负担日益加重,已成为重要公共卫生问题,加强心血管病防治刻不容缓。心血管病的急救模式在发达国家已经比较成熟,但在我国仍处于探索阶段。本研究从信息技术、管理科学与医学的学科交叉领域入手,探索依据心血管病相关专业指南,利用现代网络信息技术,构建以人为中心,高效,易推广的心血管病急救模式。
     在理论研究方面,通过对心血管病相关专业指南及防治现状、区域医疗协同、信息技术和管理理论的综合分析、提炼创新,提出了心血管病“时空救治”概念,并明确了其基本概念和特点,即基于现代网络信息技术和心血管病相关专业指南,通过区域医疗协同,为心血管病病人提供适时、适地、无边界的连续性医疗服务,使心血管病急救在时间和空间上达到高度统一,最终获得最好的救治效果,促进心血管病病人健康的恢复。
     积极探索以时空救治理论为中心的心血管病急救模式。以区域医疗协同为基本途径,通过物联网、云计算、远程医疗、移动医疗信息技术与心血管病急救流程管理的综合集成运用,实现对象的感知、急救流程的标准化处置和全过程标准化管理,将院内信息系统的集成与整合扩展到了院前,并提供远程专家会诊与诊疗指导,使院内急救向院前延伸。以远程急救与健康管理云平台为支撑,构建了“高危预警→院前急救→院内救治→重症监护”闭环管理,以及监控的数据链和标准化业务流程,形成区域性技术纽带和优势。通过中心医院-二级医院-社区医院联合,打造“移动ICU”和“远程ICU”,使其运行机制与急救机构合作机制、服务衔接机制和信息畅通机制有机结合,形成了以社区医疗服务为网底、以大型医院专科救治力量为中心的区域协同心血管病急救网络。
     围绕上述理论探索,进行了两个方面的实证研究:
     一是对8084例心血管病病人资料进行危险因素综合危险分层分析。研究发现:危险因素常规分级与综合危险分层不一致、常用正常值与个体化治疗目标的不一致、不同指南建议的治疗目标不一致,显示在临床实践中多指南综合分析、指南的个体化执行的重要性,这对于心血管病急救预警机制的建立具有重要参考价值。
     二是以某军区总医院胸痛中心和基于移动物联网的军地区域协同胸痛急救网建设运营为研究对象,将实施“新模式”后收治的609例胸痛病人作为研究组,实施“新模式”前收治的528例胸痛病人作为对照组,进行效果评价分析,结果显示:
     ①缩短了救治时间:研究组82.5%病人D2B时间低于90min、最短时间24min,中位D2B时间仅为69min;对照组26.0%病人D2B时间低于90min、最短时间72min,中位D2B时间为121min,结果显示“新模式”的实施显著缩短了D2B时间(P<0.001),优于国际标准(中位D2B时间90min,D2B时间低于90min的不少于75%)。而在欧美等发达国家,中位D2B时间为55min~147min,D2B达到指南目标值的4.2%~80%,国内最近研究报道中位D2B时间为92min~135min,D2B达到指南目标值90min的仅有18.1%~58.4%。同时发现,“新模式”实施后绕行急诊科直接进心内科导管室和院前实时传输ECG是D2B时间<90min的独立预测因素(OR1.973,95%CI:1.040~3.788,P=0.028和OR1.876,95%CI:1.030~3.465,P=0.021)。
     ②提高了救治成功率:PCI、主动脉夹层和其他急诊手术院内死亡率研究组和对照组无明显差异(2.6%vs.2.4%,11.1%vs.22.7%,0vs.2.3%,P>0.05);急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI成功率97.4%(150/154),主动脉夹层手术成功率88.9%(24/27),而国内平均水平分别为90%和10%。
     ③缩短了平均住院日,降低了住院费用:研究组中引起胸痛的三大重症(ST抬高型心肌梗死、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死、主动脉夹层)的平均住院费用和平均住院日均显著低于对照组(P<0.001),其中平均住院日缩短了30.3%~42.3%,人均住院费用下降了8.0%~14.5%,而国内心血管病出院人次数年平均增长速度8.28%,急性心肌梗死人均住院费用增长速度为9.68%。
     实证研究中通过在急救第一时间采集病人生命体征数据、生化检测指标等关键诊疗信息,并准确有效的传递,与专家远程指导的实时同步,为快速诊断、危险分层和不同救治策略的实施赢得最佳时间提供了技术保障。打造了高效的专业化急救团队,建立了快速急救反应机制和绕行急诊的绿色通道,提高了急救医疗服务传递系统中合作和沟通的效率。建立多机构、跨学科、多部门的分级救治机制、协同救治机制和科研合作机制,并在区域内形成网络化布局,中心医院参与基层医院急救,实现了信息共享、服务协同和管理协同,在不改变现有医疗资源格局前提下,充分利用大医院的资源优势带动基层医院全面发展和技术提升,创新了大医院与基层医院的帮带模式。实证启示:在我国胸痛中心建设中一是要提高对胸痛中心建设重要性的认识;二是要规范我国胸痛中心建设的基本方向;三是本研究所采用的最新信息技术和管理方法,可为胸痛中心建设提供借鉴和支撑。
     心血管病急救模式建设需要审慎、有计划的组织,探索定性和定量的评定和分析方法。需要详细和充分地确定医疗系统各种真正的医疗需要,探讨针对现有的医疗急救体系的优化改进方案,逐步建立起心血管病急救医疗服务及其相应的标准,对急救机构、急救专业技术人员,以及对急救医疗服务产生影响的各类社会组织和个人进行规范和培训。
The risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasing persistently in Chinawith the morbidity and mortality of CVD remaining at a high level.The aggravating burden ofCVD becomes an important issue of public health.The prevention and treatment of CVDshould be reinforced immediately.The emergency cardiovascular care model,though maturein developed countries is still at exploring stage in China. This study is to build apeople-centred emergency cardiovascular care model with high efficiency, easyreproducibility and dissemination to facilitate the implementation of multiple clinical practicguidelines based on modern network information technology,which involved the fields ofinformation technology,management science and medicine.
     At theoretical level, the conception of time-space emergency cardiovascular care was firstexplored through comprehensive analysis and innovation on the cardiovascular CPGs,regional cooperative healthcare,information technology and related management theory.time-space emergency cardiovascular care was defined as to provide continuous emergencycardiovascular care for anyone, anywhere and anytime through regional cooperativehealthcare,which promotes evidence-based processes and modern network informationtechnology, resulting in improved quality outcomes for cardiac patients.
     Time-space emergency cardiovascular care mode could be developed under the supportof regional cooperative healthcare,which integrated the latest progress of emergencycardiovascular care process management and the most advanced communication technologyand information technology such as internet of things,cloud computing,telemedicine andm-Health.Specialists in rescue center can guide the remote-site first medical aid to elevate thesuccess rate of rescue as well as to promote the professional technology of rural/communityhospitals. Based on the real-time remote transmission system of life-monitoring,we set up theintegrative system of heart attack risk assessment, early screening, pre-hospital andin-hospital care,ICU treatment. Based on the network with rural/community hospitals,we established remote ICU and mobile ICU,so that informations of patients with CVD inrural/community hospital can be transmitted to central hospital. Specialists in central hospitalcould guide of remote-site first aid treatment and transport ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patient more rapidly and safely.
     On the basis of above theory explored,two empirical researches were conducted.
     Firstly,retrospective charts review of8084patients with CVD or risk factors wereassessed by the the implementation of multiple clinical practic guidelines for CVD. Thesurvey showed that disparities in apparent manifestation and stratified risk levels,disparitiesin standard normal value and guidelines recommended treatment target,disparities inrecommendations between guidelines,the disparities in the manifested appearances andcomprehensive assessment,demonstrated the importance of implementation of guidelines,which will play an early screening role in emergency cardiovascular care model.
     Secondly,we studied the1st normalized Chest Pain Center(CPC)and the regionalizedCPC networks based mobile internet of things in China which was established in GuangzhouGeneral Hospital. Patients with acute chest pain before and after new mode established wereevaluated. Median D2B time decreased from121min in the control group to69min in thestudy group (P<0.001).The percentage of D2B times<90min increased from26.0%to82.5%between the two groups(P<0.001).After adjusting for patients and hospital characteristics,clinical pathway bypassing emergency department admission and pre-hospitalelectrocardiograph (PH-ECG) were independent predictors of D2B time within90min(OR1.973,95%CI:1.040~3.788, P=0.028and OR1.876,95%CI:1.030~3.465,P=0.021).In-hospital mortality of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),aortic dissection(AD) and other operations did not differ significantly between2groups(2.6%vs.2.4%,1.1%vs.22.7%,0vs.2.3%,respectively;P>0.05). The mean hospitalization days and costs ofSTEMI,USTEMI,and AD were significantly reduced30.3%~42.3%,and8.0%~14.5%respectively in the study group (P<0.001). The study results showed that in-hospitalmortality,mean costs and days of hospitalization reduced by reducing time to diagnosis andtreatment, PH-ECG and clinical pathway bypassing emergency department admissionsignificantly reduces D2B time in STEMI patients.
     Finally,on the basis of the empirical study results,we conclude that new mode can helpto promote the professional skills of the physicians in rural/community hospitals in two ways: The circular training under the requirement of international certification of CPC helps toestablish the standard clinical pathways and the process of diagnosis and treatment.Theremote ICU helps to make decisions in daily practice with intensive care patients. Resourcesof general hospital were remotely used by rural/community hospital and promote the qualityrural/community hospital rescue more life. We should pay more attention to the importanceand normalized direction of CPC established in China,the most advanced IT and principles ofmanagement which used in this study may support the establishing of CPC.
     Emergency cardiovascular care model establishment should be organized in scrupulosityand designation,explored qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation and analysis.Weshould definite the real demands of medical system in detail,promote optimized programstoward the existing emergency medical system,establish the standardization of emergencycardiovascular care model step by step to norm various kinds of social organization andindividual that may influence the emergency medical care.
引文
1.卫生部心血管病防治研究中心编著.中国心血管病报告2010[M],北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2011.3
    2.孙振球主编.医学统计学(第二版)[M].人民卫生出版社,2006,6
    3.周山,吴海云,范利,等.循证医学对提高干部医疗保健水平的意义和作用[J].中国医院管理,2010,30(5):18-19.
    4.张宏雁,董军,吴海云,等.干部保健工作中实施老年综合健康评估的思考[J].中国医院管理,2010,30(6):20-22.
    5.李毅,赵军平,李书章.计算机化临床实践指南的研究和实现[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2009,33(6):407-409.
    6.周群一,郭玮,吕旭东,等.数字化临床指南的可视化表达[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2009,26(2):239-243.
    7. Endorsement Summary: Regionalized Emergency Medical Care Framework.NationalQuality Forum,January2012.
    8. S.E. Nissen,J.E. Brush Jr.,H.M. Krumholz.President's page:GAP-D2B:an alliance forquality.J Am Coll Cardiol,2006(48):1911–1912.
    9. E.H. Bradley,J. Herrin,Y. Wang,et al.Strategies for reducing the door-to-balloon timein acute myocardial infarction.N Engl J Med,2006(355):2308–2320.
    10. I.C.Rokos,D.M.Larson,T.D. Henry,et al.Rationale for establishing regional ST-elevationmyocardial infarction receiving center (SRC) networks.Am Heart J,2006(152):661–667.
    11.王亚东,梁万年.北京市急救医疗服务体系建设与立法研究[M],北京:中国经济出版社,2009.12
    12. Zhang S,Hu D,Wang X,et al.Use of emergency medical services in patients with acutemyocardial infarction in China.Clin Cardiol,2009(32):137-141.
    13.宋莉,颜红兵,杨进刚,等.影响北京市心肌梗死病人应用急救医疗服务的因素[J].中华医学杂志,2010,9(12):834-838.
    14.宋莉,颜红兵,杨进刚,等.北京市急性ST段抬高心肌梗死病人转诊现况调查[J].中华心血管病杂志,2010,38(5):406-410.
    15. Gao RL,Han YL,Yang XC,et al.Thorombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneouscoronary interventioin versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients withacute myocardial infarction: a multi-center randomized clinical trial.Chin Med J(Engl).2010,123(11):1365-1372.
    16.苑飞,宋现涛,吕树铮.中国内地2008年经皮冠状动脉介入治疗调查注册研究分析[J].中华心血管病杂志,2010,38(7):629-632.
    17. Department of Health:The National Programme for IT in the NHS [R].20thReport ofSession2006-2007,the Committee of Public. April,2007.
    18. Health Level Seven Security Services Framework [EB/OL]. http://www. h17.org/library/committees/secure.
    19.王淑,王恒山,王云光.区域协同医疗系统及协同机制[J].解放军医院管理杂志,
    2010.17(6):518-520.
    20.王淑,王恒山,王云光.面向医疗资源优化配置的区域协同系统动力机制分析[J].科技管理研究,2010,13:270-275.
    21.王革,郭刚,邱松,等.浅谈远程协同区域医疗信息化.科学管理,2011,26(10):59-64.
    22.李伟,江其生.数据交换与共享平台在区域协同医疗服务中的应用[J].医疗卫生装备,2010,31(3):59-61.
    23.韩晓晖,麻元兴,郑穗联.基于区域协同医疗的眼科图像信息系统的研究[J].中国现代医生,2011,49(22):78-79.
    24.孙晓玮,冷金昌,彭坤,等.区域协同医疗代理检验系统的实现[J].中国医疗装备,2009,24(5):30-34.
    25.徐卫清,姚丽娣.建立区域化放射诊断中心的设想与实践[J].医院管理论坛,28(7):18-19.
    26.夏挺,王继伟,应可满,等.军民区域协同医疗服务系统的研究与应用[J].中国医院管理,2009,29(11):32-34.
    27. Zhao Jp,Zhang Zj,Guo Hy,et al. e-Health in China:Challenges,Initial Directions,and Experience[J]. April2010Tele-medicine and e-Health,2010,16(3):344-349.
    28. Zhao Jp,Zhang Zj,Guo Hy,et al. Development and Recent Achievements ofTele-medicine in China [J]. June2010Tele-medicine and e-Health,2010,16(5):634-638.
    29.杨宏桥,吴飞,甘仞初.构建区域协同医疗信息系统的设计方案研究[J].医疗卫生装备,2008,29(5):50-52.
    30.李毅,张震江,郭华源,等.区域协同医疗服务体系创新战略研究[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2008,15(2):134-136.
    31.徐斌,缪国静.区域内检查检验结果共享的实现[J].中国数字医学,2009(9):15-17.
    32.李书章.推行军队区域协同医疗信息系统建设提升我军“履行双重使命”卫勤保障能力[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2010,17(9):801-804.
    33.黄如欣,孙卫,陈运奇.区域卫生信息化建设实践[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009
    34.何雨生.新医改与区域卫生信息化[J].FEATURES,2010,25(3):22-25.
    35.汪鹏,李刚荣,周来新,等.建广义数字化医院,走区域医疗信息化之路[J].重庆医学,2009,38(13):1566-1567.
    36.胡新勇,申萍,朱小蔚,等.干部医疗保健一体化服务模式的构建[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2010,17(4):334-336.
    37.刘坚.创新服务模式提高干部保健质量效益[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2010,17(1):
    58.
    38.陈昊,李书章,陈黎明,等.基于体域网的远程家庭医疗健康监护平台的构建与应用[J].中国社会医学杂志,2011,28(5):300-302.
    39.张震江,薛万国,冷金昌,等.区域协同医疗共享平台整体设计方案[J].中国数字医学,2010,5(1):12-15.
    40.张丽娟.我国社区卫生服务信息化的现状与对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,36:52-53
    41. H. Haken. Advanced Synergetics. Springer-Verlag[M].1983
    42. T.Parsons.Structure and Process in Modern Societies. New York:McGraw-Hill,1960:18-67.
    43.陈斌,罗五金.区域协同医疗管理模型研究.华中科技大学博士论文,2011,5
    44.陈斌,罗五金.医疗服务过程性与医院质量管理体系构建[J].中国医院管理,2011,31(l):33-35.
    45.张明新.社区卫生服务机构与医院双向转诊运行的管理模式研究.华中科技大学博士论文,2009.5
    46.王羽,徐渊洪,杨红,等.物联网技术在病人健康管理中的应用框架[J].中国医院,2010,14(8):1-4.
    47.智慧的物联网——感知中国和世界的技术[M].吴功宜编著.北京:机械工业出版社,
    2010.6
    48.云计算.维基百科[EB/OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org或http://en.wikipedia.org,[2010-02-05].
    49.刘鹏.云计算[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
    50.殷康.云计算概念、模型和关键技术[J].中兴通讯技术,2010,6(4):18-23.
    51.王柏,徐六通.云计算(1)[J].中兴通讯技术,2010,16(1):57-60.
    52. BUYYAR R,YEO Chee Shin,vENUGOPAL s,et al.Cloud computing and emerging ITplatforms:Vision,hype,and reality for delivering computing as the5th utility[J].FutureGeneration Computer Systems,2009,25(6):599-616.
    53.刘鹏.3G时代的云计算.2009年中国云计算大会上的报告[EB/OL].[2009-05-22].http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b643b860ddccda38376baf64. html.
    54.焦强,陈曙.云计算技术在医药行业中的应用[J].药学进展,2011,35(3):110-116.
    55.姚青岭.区域医疗云计算服务中心模型[J].中国医疗设备,2011,26(12):49-51.
    56.常盼盼.云计算在医疗信息系统中的应用与思考[J].医学信息,2010,9:2579-2580.
    57.马明,吴乐山,雷二庆.远程医学的发展历程与发展趋势分析[J].中国医院,2010,14(7):51-53.
    58.傅征,连平.远程医学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2004
    59.王琳华.关于远程医疗如何促进区域医疗信息化建设的思考[J].重庆医学,2011,40(35):3574-3575.
    60.聂秀英.标准与远程医疗服务[J].电信网技术,2011,3:31-35.
    61. Istepanian RH.Laxminarayan S.Pattichis CS. Eds. m-Health:emerging mobile healthsystems [M]. Springer.NY.2006.
    62.杨宏桥,蒲卫,吴元立,等.移动医疗系统的开发与应用[J].人民军医,2012,55(2).
    63.彭坤,冷金昌,孙晓玮,等.区域协同医疗平台的信息安全保障体系研究[J].中国数字医学,2010,5(1):23-26.
    64.沈洪.院前心血管病的救治原则[J].实用医院临床杂志,2004,1(1):13-15.
    65.胡大一,马长生.主编.心脏病学实践2010:规范化治疗[M],北京:人民卫生出版社,
    2010.10
    66.周民伟.中国首个军民协同远程急救医疗物联网成功运营[J].中国医院院长,2011,19:84-85.
    67.陈昊.广州总医院胸痛急救网正式投入运营[J],中国信息界(e-医疗),2011,5:24.
    68.“胸痛中心”建设中国专家共识组.“胸痛中心”建设中国专家共识[J].中国心血管病研究,2011,9(5):326-334.
    69.范炜玮,吴飞,杨宏桥,等.基于多Agent的医院复杂系统建模与仿真[J].医疗卫生装备,2008,29(9):45-47.
    70.王晓波,马金昌译.跨越医疗质量的裂痕:21世纪新的医疗保健系统[M]/美国医疗卫生保健质量委员会编著,北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005.6
    71.刘远立,李蔚东.构建全面健康社会[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2008.7
    72.颜红兵,马长生,霍勇.临床冠心病诊断与治疗指南[M].人民卫生出版社,2010.10
    73.卢世璧.汶川地震伤员救治分级处理的重要性[J].解放军医学杂志,2008,33(8):919-920.
    74.秦银河.新军事变革下的战创伤救治策略[J].中国危重病急救医学,2005,17(10):580-582.
    75.孙中海,孙卫,王继伟.区域协同医疗服务新模式的探讨[J].中国卫生质量管理,2010,17(4):15-18.
    76.张雁灵.地震灾害批量伤员医学救援的组织与实施.解放军医学杂志,2012.37(1):1-5.
    77.陈昊,李书章,陈黎明,等.心脑血管病立体综合防治与管理新模式的构建[J].中华医学科研管理杂志,2011,24(3):167-171.
    78.陈昊,李书章,陈黎明,等.从循证医学和卫生经济学角度探讨我国心脑血管病防治新模式构建[J].中国卫生事业管理,2011,10:724-725.
    79.陈昊,李书章,陈黎明,等.数字化临床路径管理工具的设计[J].中国医院管理,2011,31(9):57-59.
    80.张明群,王炎峰,匡培根.心脑血管及相关疾病综合防治手册-从指南到临床及四化策略[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.10
    81. Graft L,Dallara J,Ross MA,et a1.Impact on the care of the emergency department chestpain patient from the chest pain evaluation registry [CHEPER]study.Coron Artery Dis,1997,8:563-568.
    82. Gibler WB,Runyon JP,Levy RC,et a1.A rapid diagnostic and treatment center forpatients with chest pain in the emergency department.Ann Emerg,1995,32:381-388.
    83. Bahr RD.Chest pain centers:moving toward proactive acute coronary care.InternationalJournal of Cardiology,2000,72:101-1l0.
    84. Puleo PR,Meyer D,Wathen c,et a1.Use of a rapid assay of subforms of creatininekinase-MB to diagnose or rule out acute myocardial infarction.New Engl J Med,1994,344:561-566.
    85. McCarthy BD,Be hansky JR,D’Agostino RB,et a1.Missed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department:results from a muhicenter study.AnnEmerg Med,1993,30:579-582.
    86. Tierney WM,Fitzgerald J,McHenry R,et a1.Physicians’ estimates of the probabilityof myocardial infarction in emergency loom patients with chest pain.Med Dec Making,1986,6:12-17.
    87. Rouan GW,Hedges JR,Toltzis R,et a1.A chest pain clinic to improve the follow-upof patients released from an urban university teaching hospital emergencydepartment.Ann Emerg Med,1987,24:l145-l150.
    88. Graft L,Dallara J,Ross MA,et a1.Impact on the care of the emergency department chestpain patient from the chest pain evaluation registry[CHEPER]study.Coron Artery Di,1997,30:563-568.
    89. Pozen MW,D’Agostino RB,Selker HP,et a1.A predictive instrument to improvecoronary care unit admission practices in acute ischemic heart disease:prospectivemulticenter clinical trim.New Engl J Med,1984,334:1273-1278.
    90.张雁灵.充分发挥军医大学优势支援西部医疗卫生事业发展[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2006.13(9):701-702.
    91. E.M. Antman,M. Hand,P.W. Armstrong et al.2007focused update of the ACC/AHA2004guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.JAm Coll Cardiol,2008,51:210–247.
    92. A.K. Jacobs,E.M. Antman,D.P. Faxon,et al. Development of systems of care forST-elevation myocardial infarction patients:executive summary Circulation,2007,116:217–230.
    93. H.H.Ting,H.M. Krumholz,E.H. Bradley et al.Implementation and integration ofpre-hospital ECGs into systems of care for acute coronary syndrome:a scientificstatement from the American Heart Association.Circulation,2008(118):1066–1079.
    94. Antman EM,Hand M,Amstrong PW,et al.2007Focused Up-date of the ACC/AHA2004Guidelines for the Management of Patients with St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction:areport of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force onPractice Guidelines.Circulation,2008,117:296-329.
    95. McNamara RL,Herrin J,Bradley EH,et al. Hospital improvement in time to reperfusionin patients with acute myocardial infarction,1999to2002. J Am Coll Cardiol,2006,47:45-51.
    96. Nallamothu BK,Bates ER,Herrin J,et al. Times to treatment in transfer patientsundergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States:NationalRegistry of Myocardial Infarction(NRMI)-3/4analysis. Circulation,2005,111(6):761-767.
    97. Khot UN,Johnson Ml,Ramsey C,et al. Emergency department physician activation ofthe catheterization laboratory and immediate transfer to an immediately availablecatheterization laboratory reduce door-to-balloon time in ST-elevation myocardialinfarction. Circulation,2007,116(1):67-76.
    98. Amit G,Cafri C,Gilutz H,et al. Benefit of direct ambulance to coronary care unitadmission of acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneousintervention. Int J Cardiol,2007,119(3):355-358.
    99. Antman Em,Anbe DT,Amstrong PW,et al.ACC/AHA guidelines for the managementof patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction executive summary:a report of theAmerican College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on PracticeGuidelines(Writing Committee to Revise the1999Guidelines for the Management ofPatients With AcuteMyocardial Infarction).Circulation,2004,110(5):588-636.
    100.郭金成,马长生,许敏,等.急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗门-囊时间及其影响因素.中国介入心脏病学杂志,2010.18(1):21-24.
    101.赵威,郭丽君.ST段抬高心肌梗死患者进门-球囊扩张时间达标情况及影响因素.中华内科杂志,2008,47:727-730.
    102.Zhang Q,Zhang RY,Qiu JP,et al. Impact of different clinical pathways on outcomes ofpatients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primarypercutaneous Coronary Intervention the RAPID-AMI study. Chin Med J.(Engl),2009,122:636-642.
    103.程姝娟,颜红兵.入院前电话通知对中老年ST段抬高心肌梗死患者进急诊室至球囊扩张时间的影响.中华老年医学杂志,2009,28:453-456.
    104.Song L,Hu DY,Yan HB,et al. Influence of ambulance use on early reperfusion therapiesfor acute myocardial infarction. Chin Med J (Engl),2008,121:771-775.
    105.于丽天,朱俊,Rebecca Mister,等.我国部分医院ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征再灌注治疗登记研究.中华心血管病杂志,2006,34:593-597.
    106.程姝娟,颜红兵,王健,等.院前心电图对ST段抬高心肌梗死患者进门至球囊扩张时间的影响.第三军医大学学报,2009,31(12):1222-1224.
    107.宋莉,颜红兵,杨进刚.不同临床路径对ST段抬高心肌梗死病人就诊至球囊扩张时间影响的研究[J].心肺血管病杂志,2011,30(2):99-102.
    108.M. Eckstein,F.D. Pratt,E.M. Cooper,et al. Impact of paramedic transport without-of-hospital12-lead ECG on door-to-balloon times for STEMI patients (abstr).AnnEmerg Med,2007,50:56.
    109.Brown JP,Mahmud E,Dunford JV,et al. Effect of prehospital12-lead electrocardiogramon activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory and door-to-balloon time inST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol,2008,101:158-161.
    110.Sejersten M,Sillesen M,Hansen PR,et al. Effect on treatment delay of prehospitalteletransmission of12-lead electrocardiogram to a cardiologist for immediate triage anddirect referral of patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction toprimary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol,2008,101:941-946.
    111.Sillesen M,Sejersten M,Strange S,et al. Referral of patients with ST-segment elevationacute myocardial infarction directly to the catheterization suite based on prehospitalteletransmission of12-lead electrocardiogram. J Electrocardiol,2008,41:49-53.
    1.宫继兵,王睿,崔莉.体域网BSN的研究进展及面临的挑战[J].计算机研究与发展,2010,47(5):739-753.
    2. Pansiot J,Stoyanov D,Mcilwraith D,et al. Ambient and wearable sensor fusion foractivity recognition in heath care monitoring systems. Proc of the In Workshop onWearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks[J]. Berlin:Springer,2011:208-221.
    3. Yuce M R,Ng S W P,Myo N L,et al. A MICS band wireless body sensor network. Procof IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference[J]. Washington,lEEE,2011:2475-2480.
    4. Zhou G,Wan C Y,Yarvis M D,et al. Aggregator-centric Qos for body sensor networks.Proc of the6th In:Symp on Information Processing in Sensor Networks(IPSN‘07). NewYork:ACM,2007:539-540.
    5. Chan C H,Poon C C Y,Wong R,et al. A hybrid body sensor network for continuous andlong-term measurement of arterial blood pressure. Proc of the4th IEEE/EMBS IntSummer School and Symp off Medical Devices and Biosensors[J]. Washington: IEEE,2011:121-123.
    6. http://www.icta.ufl.edu/projects_B.htm#8
    7. Seo,J W,Park,K. The development of a ubiquitous health house in South Korea.Proceeding of the6th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp2004),Nottingham,England,Sept.2004
    8. http://www.ehealthnews.eu
    9. Open Firmware,http://www.openfirmware.org
    10. CoreBoot (LinuxBIOS),http://www.coreboot.org
    11. UEFI,http://www.uefi.org/home
    12.闪联IGRS,http://www.igrs.org
    13. E家佳联盟,http://www.itophome.org.cn
    14. Jung Soo Kim,Beom Oh Kim.“Development of HIHM(Home Integrated HealthMonitor)for Ubiquitous Home Healthcare”,Proceedings of the29th Annual InternationalConference of the IEEE EMBS,Aug23-26,2007.
    15. Tae-Soo Lee,Joo-Hyun Hong,Myeong-Chan Cho.“Biomedical Digital Assistant forubiquitous Healthcare”,Proceedings of the29th Annual International Conference of theIEEE EMBS,Aug23-26,2007.
    16. Jianxin Zhu,Leina Gao,Xinfang Zhang.“Preliminary Research on Wearable Healthcarein Ubiquitous Computing Age”,2008International Conference on Computer Science andSoftware Engineering,Dec.12-14,2008.
    17. Yongqiang Lu,Lei Zhang.“A Low-Cost Ubiquitous Family Healthcare Framework”,Volume6406/2010,297-306,Oct26-29,2010.
    18. Sanjay Ghemawat,Howard Gobioff,Shun-Tak Leung. Google File System.19th ACMSymposium on Operating Systems Principles,Lake George,NY,October,2010.
    19. Paul Barham,Boris Dragovic. Xen and the Art of Virtualization,ACM Symposium onOperating Systems Principles,2010.
    20. Eetu Makel.Survey of Semantic Search Research, available at: http://www.sange.fi/~humis/sw/semantic_search.pdf
    21. Jeffrey Dean,Sanjay Ghemawat. MapReduce:Simplified Data Processing on LargeClusters,Proceedings of the6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Designand Implementation,2011.
    22. T Berners-Lee.Linked Data-The Story So Far. International Journal on Semantic Web andInformation Systems.
    23.吕少丽,李士雪.评价健康水平的新指标-伤残调整期望寿命[J].卫生经济研究,2001,18(12):7-9.
    24.车吉泊,黄尉初.人群失能状况的测量与数字化表达的研究近况[J].实用医药杂志,2004,21(2):177-178.
    25.应焱燕、谢亚莉.期望寿命及健康寿命应用分析[J].实用预防医学,2002,9(4):302-304.
    26.冯宏鹏,钟建伟,庄静,等.关于我国健康评价指标体系建设的几点建议[J].成都体育学院学报,2010,36(10):61-64.
    27.冯丽仪,许军,罗仁,等.亚健康评价指标体系的研究与建立[J].中国全科医学,2011,14(1A),37-40.
    28.董晶,许娟,刘佑琴,等.亚健康状态评价指标的拟定及其信度、效度检验[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2009,17(5):522-524.
    29.刘伟,王建平,孙怡宁,等.基于智能结构的BIA人体健康测评系统研究与设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2012,48(4):215-218.
    30. Osheroff JA, Teich JM, Middleton BF, et al. A roadmap for national action on clinicaldecision support. American Medical Informatics Association;2006June13. Availableat:2008. Available at: http://www.amia.org/inside/initiatives/cds/. Accessed March20,
    2009.
    31. Johnston ME, Langton KB, Haynes RB, et al. Effects of computer-based clinical decisionsupport systems on clinician performance and patient outcome. A critical appraisal ofresearch. Ann Intern Med1994,120(2):135-42.
    32. Hunt DL, Haynes RB, Hanna SE, et al. Effects of computer-based clinical decisionsupport systems on physician performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review[J].JAMA1998,280(15):1339-46.
    33. Trowbridge R, Weingarten S. Clinical decision support systems. Making health care safer:a critical analysis of patient safety practices. Rockville, MD: Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality;2001. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No.43AHRQPublication No.01E058:589-94.
    34. Shea S, DuMouchel W, Bahamonde L. A metaanalysis of16randomized controlled trialsto evaluate computer-based clinical reminder systems for preventive care in theambulatory setting[J]. J Am Med Inform Assoc,1996,3(6):399-409.
    35. Wolfstadt J, Gurwitz J, Field T, et al. The effect of computerized physician order entrywith clinical decision support on the rates of adverse drug events: a systematic review[J].J Gen Intern Med,2008,23(4):451-458.
    36. Garg AX,Adhikari NKJ,McDonald H,et al.Effects of computerized clinical decisionsupport systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes[J].JAMA,2005,293(10):1223-1238.
    37. Field TS, Rochon P, Lee M, et al. Computerized clinical decision support duringmedication ordering for long-term care residents with renal insufficiency[J]. J Am MedInform Assoc,2009,23:M2981.
    38. Love TE, Cebul RD, Einstadter D, et al. Electronic medical record-assisted design of acluster-randomized trial to improve diabetes care and outcomes[J]. J Gen Intern Med,2008,23(4):383-391.
    39. Kawamoto K, Houlihan CA, Balas EA, et al. Improving clinical practice using clinicaldecision support systems: a systematic review of trials to identify features critical tosuccess[J]. BMJ,2005,330(7494):765.
    40. van Wyk JT, van Wijk MA, Sturkenboom MC, et al. Electronic alerts versus on-demanddecision support to improve dyslipidemia treatment: a cluster randomized controlledtrial[J]. Circulation,2008,117(3):371-378.
    41. Haishan Liu.Toward semantic data mining,in Proc. of Internal semantic web conference,2010.
    42. Bhattacharya,S.S..Intelligent monitoring systems:smart room for patient's suffering fromsomnambulism,Microtechnologies in Medicine&Biology2nd Annual InternationalIEEE-EMB Special Topic Conference,2-4May2002:326–331.
    43. Celler,B G,Earnshaw,W,Ilsar,E D,et al. Remote monitoring of health status of theelderly at home. A multidisciplinary project on aging at the University of New SouthWales[J].International Journal of Biomedical Computing,1995,40:147-155.
    44. Enderle,J,Blanchard,S,Bronzino,J. Introduction to Biomedical Engineering[M].Academic Press,2010,San Diego,CA,USA.
    45. Dixie,F. In-home tests make health care easier[J].FDA Consumer,2010,28:25-28.
    46. Stephen,M,William,K. The top10innovative products for2006:Technology with ahuman touch[J].The Futurist,1996,30(4):16-20.
    47.王伊龙,王拥军,周永,等.亟待建立中国卒中中心网络[J].中国卫生质量管理,2010,17(1):27-30.
    48.“胸痛中心”建设中国专家共识组.“胸痛中心”建设中国专家共识[J].中国心血管病研究,2011,9(5):325-334.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700