低碳经济下的智能需求侧管理系统研究
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摘要
智能需求侧管理系统是智能电网在智能用电环节的系统级体现,它体现了智能电网时代,电力系统对于用户侧的自动化、智能化的管理需求。对于智能需求侧管理系统的功能,有两种侧重方向：一是帮助电网侧增强电网的运行效率,提高电网的稳定性和可靠性,主要依靠经济和政策手段引导或规定用户的用电行为,使之与电网侧的运行需求相一致；二是从需求侧的效益出发,依据电网侧的电价政策和需求侧的实际用电需要,定制最佳的用电计划,并为有特别要求的用户进行电能质量的控制,客观上,这种需求侧管理模式也能够适应电网侧的要求,且对用户需求更有针对性。
本文首先从第三方能量管理侧主导的智能需求侧管理系统的功能结构分析入手,结合低碳经济环境对系统的潜在影响,介绍了系统所需的关键技术及实现策略,并对系统对低碳经济环境的适应性进行了分析。
在对智能需求侧管理系统的功能分析基础上,将需求侧管理的理念应用到对智能电网特殊的能源组织结构——微电网的分析上,通过对微电网从规划、调度控制到效益结算的全过程进行分析,提出了微电网低碳综合效益的概念,并建立了微电网低碳综合效益评估模型,对微电网进行了效益评估。
将智能需求侧管理系统的理念与技术用于实际系统的研发中,结合工业企业的能量管理状况,完成了国家“863”项目,分布式企业级电气化监控和能量管理系统(Enterprise Electric&Energy Control System, E3CS)的研究,该系统利用了需求侧管理系统的分布式测控和保护的理念,并补充开发了基于嵌入式技术的采集与控制装置,对企业用户进行了开创性的需求侧管理。同时,对E3CS的运行进行了低碳效益的评估,该评估系统集成在系统能量管理模块中。
As the low-carbon economy comes soon, the smart grid will face much more challenges at the demand side. Smart demand side management system is the materialization of smart electrical power utilization in smart grid. It shows the power system's demand of automation in demand side management. There are two orientations for the function of smart demand side management system:one is to help the power grid company run the grid more efficiently, stably and reliably by leading or formulating users'ways to utilize electrical power; the other is set based on the benefits of demand side, and then works out best scheme to obtain more benefits from power utilization. Objectively, the second way of demand side management could satisfy the demand of power grid company, and it is more pointed to the users' demand.
The author introduces the function structure of smart demand side management system, and then three main functional components including the master station system, the power monitoring and control subsystem. The measuring and control layer subsystem are presented emphatically. After that, some new techniques which the system depends on are analyzed as communication technique, smart electric meter, intelligent collection, smart terminal, demand side management, decision making and control. Finally, considering the characteristics of low-carbon economy, the author discusses the implementation of the system.
Based on the analysis on the function structure of the smart demand side management system, the author aims to help analyzing the potential operation benefits of a micro-grid in its construction planning period, and then offers some theoretical support for development of micro-grid projects. In this paper, installed capacities of the distributed generating units in micro-grid are planned based on the local renewable energy source situation and the local electrical power users'needs. And then, after discussing the benefits forming mechanism of micro-grid operation under the economical and low-carbon requirements, the author integrates the two parts of benefits on the prospect of low-carbon economy, and proposes the concept of low-carbon integrative benefits. Consequently, combined with the micro-grid construction cost, the model for analyzing the low-carbon integrative benefits of micro-grid operation is set. Next, the author introduces a day-ahead micro-grid dispatching principle aimed at minimizing the low-carbon integrative cost. And at last, the author illustrates the model according to a typical case of micro-grid design.
The author uses the idea and technique of smart demand side management system in research and development of practical system, and completes the National 863 Plans Project "Enterprise Electric&Energy Control System, E3CS". The system is based on the idea of distributed monitoring, controlling, and protection at the industrial field, and the research team develops some integrated intelligent signal acquisition and control equipment. At the mean time, the author assesses the low-carbon effect of the system, whitch is integrated in the energy management module.
本文首先从第三方能量管理侧主导的智能需求侧管理系统的功能结构分析入手,结合低碳经济环境对系统的潜在影响,介绍了系统所需的关键技术及实现策略,并对系统对低碳经济环境的适应性进行了分析。
在对智能需求侧管理系统的功能分析基础上,将需求侧管理的理念应用到对智能电网特殊的能源组织结构——微电网的分析上,通过对微电网从规划、调度控制到效益结算的全过程进行分析,提出了微电网低碳综合效益的概念,并建立了微电网低碳综合效益评估模型,对微电网进行了效益评估。
将智能需求侧管理系统的理念与技术用于实际系统的研发中,结合工业企业的能量管理状况,完成了国家“863”项目,分布式企业级电气化监控和能量管理系统(Enterprise Electric&Energy Control System, E3CS)的研究,该系统利用了需求侧管理系统的分布式测控和保护的理念,并补充开发了基于嵌入式技术的采集与控制装置,对企业用户进行了开创性的需求侧管理。同时,对E3CS的运行进行了低碳效益的评估,该评估系统集成在系统能量管理模块中。
As the low-carbon economy comes soon, the smart grid will face much more challenges at the demand side. Smart demand side management system is the materialization of smart electrical power utilization in smart grid. It shows the power system's demand of automation in demand side management. There are two orientations for the function of smart demand side management system:one is to help the power grid company run the grid more efficiently, stably and reliably by leading or formulating users'ways to utilize electrical power; the other is set based on the benefits of demand side, and then works out best scheme to obtain more benefits from power utilization. Objectively, the second way of demand side management could satisfy the demand of power grid company, and it is more pointed to the users' demand.
The author introduces the function structure of smart demand side management system, and then three main functional components including the master station system, the power monitoring and control subsystem. The measuring and control layer subsystem are presented emphatically. After that, some new techniques which the system depends on are analyzed as communication technique, smart electric meter, intelligent collection, smart terminal, demand side management, decision making and control. Finally, considering the characteristics of low-carbon economy, the author discusses the implementation of the system.
Based on the analysis on the function structure of the smart demand side management system, the author aims to help analyzing the potential operation benefits of a micro-grid in its construction planning period, and then offers some theoretical support for development of micro-grid projects. In this paper, installed capacities of the distributed generating units in micro-grid are planned based on the local renewable energy source situation and the local electrical power users'needs. And then, after discussing the benefits forming mechanism of micro-grid operation under the economical and low-carbon requirements, the author integrates the two parts of benefits on the prospect of low-carbon economy, and proposes the concept of low-carbon integrative benefits. Consequently, combined with the micro-grid construction cost, the model for analyzing the low-carbon integrative benefits of micro-grid operation is set. Next, the author introduces a day-ahead micro-grid dispatching principle aimed at minimizing the low-carbon integrative cost. And at last, the author illustrates the model according to a typical case of micro-grid design.
The author uses the idea and technique of smart demand side management system in research and development of practical system, and completes the National 863 Plans Project "Enterprise Electric&Energy Control System, E3CS". The system is based on the idea of distributed monitoring, controlling, and protection at the industrial field, and the research team develops some integrated intelligent signal acquisition and control equipment. At the mean time, the author assesses the low-carbon effect of the system, whitch is integrated in the energy management module.
引文
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[3]Stern N. The economics of climate change:The stern review[M]. Cambridge University Press,2007.
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[5]任卫峰.低碳经济与环境金融创新[J].上海经济研究,2008,3：38-42.
[6]魏一鸣,刘兰翠,范英,等.中国能源报告(2008)：碳排放研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2008.
[7]朱传柏,曹一家,郭创新,等.分布式企业级电气监控与能量管理系统的设计与实现[J].电力系统,2010,29(9)：30-34.
[8]Microsoft. Microsoft Hohm Beat[EB/OL]. http://www.microsoft-hohm.com/.
[9]PowerMeter M. Wald, M. Helft, "Google taking a step step into power metering" [EB/OL], New YorkTimes, Feb.09,2009.
[10]北京求实世纪科技发展有限公司.Control4家庭自动化系统[EB/OL], http://wenku.bai-du.com/view/d8695b1bff00bed5b9f31db6.html.
[11]李敬如,胡兆光,纪洪,等.北京地区用电需求侧管理及分析[J].电网技术,1999,23(2)：19-21.
[12]周明,李庚银,倪以信.电力市场下电力需求侧管理实施机制初探[J].电网技术,2005,29(5)：6-11.
[13]赵亮.新形势下的电力负荷管理系统[J].电力需求侧管理,2003,5(4)：35-37.
[14]王明俊.市场环境下的负荷管理和需求侧管理[J].电网技术,2005,29(5)：1-5.
[15]殷树刚,张宇,拜克明.基于实时电价的智能用电系统[J].电网技术,2009,33(19)：11-16.
[16]周恒俊,曹培,张金江,等.面向高级量测体系的分布式对等互联OSGi平台[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(11)：71-76.
[17]康重庆,陈启鑫,夏清.低碳电力技术的研究展望[J].电网技术,2009,33(8)：1-7.
[18]2050中国能源和碳排放研究课题组.2050中国能源和碳排放报告.北京：科学出版社,2009.
[19]杨永标,柏永宝,朱金大,等.智能用电新技术[J].农村电气化,2009,11：20-22.
[20]谭亲跃,王少荣,程时杰.电力需求侧管理(PDSM)综述[J].继电器,2005,33(17)：79-83.
[21]胡江溢,王鹤,周昭茂.电力需求侧管理的国际经验及对我国的启示[J].电网技术,2007,31(18)：10-14.
[22]周恒俊,郭创新.面向智能配网的能量管理系统体系结构[J].高电压技术,2010,36(8)：2088-2093.
[23]吴杰康,任震,黄雯莹,等.在全面开放的电力市场中用户用电管理及其策略[J].电网技术,2001,25(8)：50-53.
[24]张耀东.松下电工东京本部大楼的节能运行[J].电力需求侧管理,2008,10(5)：71-72.
[25]Kelly J C, Schoechle T D. A residential energy management test using CEBus[J]. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,1992,38(4):921-926.
[26]M. Inoue, T. Higuma, Y. Ito, H. Kubota, Network Architecture for Home Energy Management System, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2003,49:606-613.
[27]朱彬若,张慎明,王虎.楼宇智能用电能量管理系统设计与实现.华东电力[J].2010,38(4)：0520-0522.
[28]曹锐.企业电能量管理系统的研制[J].中国仪器仪表,2010,1(1)：59-61.
[29]回海滨,孔祥鹤.低碳经济下的智能用电技术与环境安全[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2011,21(1)：37-40.
[30]李永清.有序用电决策管理系统[D].南京：东南大学,2005.
[31]高天皎.碳交易及其相关市场的发展现状简述.中国矿业,2007,16(8)：86-89.
[32]康重庆,周天睿,陈启鑫,等.电网低碳效益评估模型及其应用.电网技术,2009,33(17)：1-6.
[33]陈昌松,段善旭,殷进军,等.基于发电预测的分布式发电能量管理系统[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(3)：150-156.
[34]郭创新,周恒俊,秦杰.分布式企业级电气化监控和能量管理系统(E3CS)[J].电力科学与技术学报,2010,25(1)：15-20.
[35]Van Gorp, John C. Enterprising energy management[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2004,2(1):59-63.
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