聚丙烯酸大分子染料的合成及应用研究
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摘要
高分子染料具有良好的成膜性、耐迁移、耐溶剂和不易被人体吸收等优良性能,在染色、涂料印花和涂料染色方面有较好的应用。本文设计合成了一系列聚丙烯酸大分子染料,应用于涂料染色和涂料印花时,具有较好的牢度性能,而且染料利用效率接近100%。该类染料染色时工艺简单、清洁环保、基本无有色污水和VOC排放。
论文通过沉淀聚合法合成了低分子量的聚丙烯酸,产品收率90%以上。在最佳条件下聚合残液循环利用研究结果表明,每次循环溶剂的回收率超过95%,循环利用5次累计产品收率达到92.6%,且聚合物的分子量基本稳定,维持在1000～1300g/mol。
以合成的聚丙烯酸为原料,在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中以氯化亚砜为酰氯化试剂,产物不经分离直接与芳胺缩合制备聚丙烯酸-co-丙烯芳酰胺类化合物。通过红外光谱、薄层色谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物结构进行表征。论文研究了芳胺与羧基投料摩尔比对芳胺利用率的影响,结果表明,在芳胺与羧基投料摩尔比为1：4时,反应14h,芳胺的反应率超过80%,最高可达96%。实验结果表明该方法对苯胺、对硝基苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺和N,N-二乙基间苯二胺等都适用,为合成聚丙烯酸-co-丙烯芳酰胺类化合物的合成提供了一个合适可行的方法。
以聚丙烯酸为原料,通过接枝N,N-二乙基间苯二胺,合成了接枝率分别为25%和35%的聚(丙烯酸-co-(N-(3-二乙氨基)苯基)丙烯酰胺)(DA大分子中间体)。以接枝率为35%的DA大分子中间体为偶合组分,与苯胺类重氮盐和杂环芳胺类重氮盐偶合合成了13支DA(35%)聚丙烯酸大分子染料；以接枝率为25%的DA大分子中间体为偶合组分,与苯胺类重氮盐偶合合成了2支DA(25%)聚丙烯酸大分子染料；以聚丙烯酸为原料,通过接枝对硝基苯胺,合成了接枝率为15%的大分子中间体,经过硝基还原和重氮化,与吡啶酮中间体偶合合成了2支黄色聚丙烯酸大分子染料。所合成的聚丙烯酸染料用IR和1HNMR进行了结构表征。
本文合成了12种与聚丙烯酸染料相容性较好的聚丙烯酸酯类乳液粘合剂,并将其应用于聚丙烯酸大分子染料的涂料染色和涂料印花,并研究了所合成的聚丙烯酸大分子染料与聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂在涂料染色时的最佳染色条件。并在最佳条件下,以接枝率为35%的DA大分子中间体合成的聚丙烯酸大分子染料与非交联型(不含N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)的0号粘合剂(用量15%)应用于涂料染色和涂料印花时,在棉纤维上干摩擦牢度、水洗牢度可以达到4级或4级以上,湿摩擦牢度可以到达3级或3级以上；在涤纶上干摩擦牢度、水洗牢度可以达到4级或4级以上,湿摩擦牢度可以到达4级。在印花色浆中加入6%的增稠剂海藻酸钠,涂料印花织物轮廓清晰度高,满足应用要求。在相同的条件下,聚丙烯酸大分子染料与自交联型粘合剂(含自交联单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)应用于涂料染色,部分染料在棉纤维和涤纶上的湿摩擦牢度和水洗变色牢度比使用非交联型粘合剂可以提高半级至1级。
论文研究了聚丙烯酸大分子染料发色体的结构与应用性能的关系,发色体中含有硝基和氰基基团的聚丙烯酸大分子染料,在涂料染色和涂料印花时摩擦牢度和水洗牢度更好。研究了染料的接枝率对应用性能的影响,结果表明在相同的发色体结构,接枝率高的聚丙烯酸大分子染料在涂料染色时具有更好的牢度性能。
Polymeric dyes have good application in the fields of dyeing and printing due to their excellent properties of film forming, resistance to migration and solvent, and not easily absorbed by human body. With this understanding, a series of polymeric dyes were designed and synthesized based on poly(acrylic acid). These dyes had an excellent utilization efficiency of near100%and very good fastness when they were applied for fabric pigment dyeing and pigment printing. The dyeing and printing procedure was simple and nearly zero colorful wastewater and volatile organic compounds(VOC) were discharged, which showed the environmental friendly characteristics.
The low molecular weight poly (acrylic acid) was synthesized by precipitation polymerization with the yield over90%. Under the optimized polymerization conditions, the average yield was92.6%and solvent recovery was over95%when the residue after polymerization was recycled for5times. In this case, the average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained poly(acrylic acid) was in the range of1000-1300.
A series of poly(acrylanilide-co-acrylic acid) were synthesized in N,N-dimethylaceamide through a facile one-pot condensation of the prepared poly(acrylic acid) with aromatic amines in the presence of thionyl chloride. Their structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. thin layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reaction efficiency of aromatic amine was over80%, even up to96%after lasting for14h when the molar ratio of aromatic amine to acrylic acid unit was1:4. The reaction can work well with aniline, p-nitro aniline, p-methoxy aniline and3-(N,N-diethylamino)aniline, which provides a feasible approach for the synthesis of poly(acrylanilide-co-acrylic acid).
Polymeric intermediates DA with the grafting ratio of25%and35%were synthesized by the condensation of poly(acrylic acid) with3-(N,N-diethylamino)aniline.13poly (acrylic acid) dyes were synthesized by the coupling of DA(35%) with aromatic and heterocyclic amines diazonium salts. And another2poly (acrylic acid) dyes were synthesized by the coupling of DA(25%) with aromatic diazonium salts. Through the condensation of poly(acrylic acid) with p-nitroaniline, a polymeric intermediate with a grafting ratio of15%was also synthesized, which was followed by reduction, diazotization and coupling with pyridone intermediates to synthesize2yellow polymeric dyes. All the synthesized dyes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
For dyeing and printing with the poly(acrylic acid) dyes,12binders based on polymeric acrylate were synthesized, which showed good compatibility with poly(acrylic acid) dyes.
The dyeing conditions were optimized with the synthesized poly(acrylic acid) dyes and polymeric acrylate binders. Under optimized dyeing conditions, take the example of the polymeric dyes synthesized from DA (35%), the dry fastness to rubbing, fastness to wash and wet fastness to rubbing was up to4,4and3ratings in the presence of15%non-crosslinked binder of No.O which didn't contain N-hydroxymethylacrylamide; while under this condition the dyed PET fabric had the fastness up to4ratings. When printing in the presence of6%sodium alginate, the quality of the printed fabric was good enough for the practical application. Under the same conditions, the wet fastness to rubbing and color change ratings on the printed cotton and PET fabrics were0.5-1rating higher when cross-linked binders were used, compared to the non-crosslinked binders.
It was investigated that the relationship between the fabric dyeing properties and the chromophore structures of poly(acrylic acid) dyes, which indicated that the dyes containing nitro or cyano group contributed to a better fastness to rubbing and washing. In the case of the same chromophore structure, the poly(acrylic acid) dyes with a higher grafting ratio resulted in a better fastness to rubbing and washing.
论文通过沉淀聚合法合成了低分子量的聚丙烯酸,产品收率90%以上。在最佳条件下聚合残液循环利用研究结果表明,每次循环溶剂的回收率超过95%,循环利用5次累计产品收率达到92.6%,且聚合物的分子量基本稳定,维持在1000～1300g/mol。
以合成的聚丙烯酸为原料,在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中以氯化亚砜为酰氯化试剂,产物不经分离直接与芳胺缩合制备聚丙烯酸-co-丙烯芳酰胺类化合物。通过红外光谱、薄层色谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物结构进行表征。论文研究了芳胺与羧基投料摩尔比对芳胺利用率的影响,结果表明,在芳胺与羧基投料摩尔比为1：4时,反应14h,芳胺的反应率超过80%,最高可达96%。实验结果表明该方法对苯胺、对硝基苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺和N,N-二乙基间苯二胺等都适用,为合成聚丙烯酸-co-丙烯芳酰胺类化合物的合成提供了一个合适可行的方法。
以聚丙烯酸为原料,通过接枝N,N-二乙基间苯二胺,合成了接枝率分别为25%和35%的聚(丙烯酸-co-(N-(3-二乙氨基)苯基)丙烯酰胺)(DA大分子中间体)。以接枝率为35%的DA大分子中间体为偶合组分,与苯胺类重氮盐和杂环芳胺类重氮盐偶合合成了13支DA(35%)聚丙烯酸大分子染料；以接枝率为25%的DA大分子中间体为偶合组分,与苯胺类重氮盐偶合合成了2支DA(25%)聚丙烯酸大分子染料；以聚丙烯酸为原料,通过接枝对硝基苯胺,合成了接枝率为15%的大分子中间体,经过硝基还原和重氮化,与吡啶酮中间体偶合合成了2支黄色聚丙烯酸大分子染料。所合成的聚丙烯酸染料用IR和1HNMR进行了结构表征。
本文合成了12种与聚丙烯酸染料相容性较好的聚丙烯酸酯类乳液粘合剂,并将其应用于聚丙烯酸大分子染料的涂料染色和涂料印花,并研究了所合成的聚丙烯酸大分子染料与聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂在涂料染色时的最佳染色条件。并在最佳条件下,以接枝率为35%的DA大分子中间体合成的聚丙烯酸大分子染料与非交联型(不含N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)的0号粘合剂(用量15%)应用于涂料染色和涂料印花时,在棉纤维上干摩擦牢度、水洗牢度可以达到4级或4级以上,湿摩擦牢度可以到达3级或3级以上；在涤纶上干摩擦牢度、水洗牢度可以达到4级或4级以上,湿摩擦牢度可以到达4级。在印花色浆中加入6%的增稠剂海藻酸钠,涂料印花织物轮廓清晰度高,满足应用要求。在相同的条件下,聚丙烯酸大分子染料与自交联型粘合剂(含自交联单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)应用于涂料染色,部分染料在棉纤维和涤纶上的湿摩擦牢度和水洗变色牢度比使用非交联型粘合剂可以提高半级至1级。
论文研究了聚丙烯酸大分子染料发色体的结构与应用性能的关系,发色体中含有硝基和氰基基团的聚丙烯酸大分子染料,在涂料染色和涂料印花时摩擦牢度和水洗牢度更好。研究了染料的接枝率对应用性能的影响,结果表明在相同的发色体结构,接枝率高的聚丙烯酸大分子染料在涂料染色时具有更好的牢度性能。
Polymeric dyes have good application in the fields of dyeing and printing due to their excellent properties of film forming, resistance to migration and solvent, and not easily absorbed by human body. With this understanding, a series of polymeric dyes were designed and synthesized based on poly(acrylic acid). These dyes had an excellent utilization efficiency of near100%and very good fastness when they were applied for fabric pigment dyeing and pigment printing. The dyeing and printing procedure was simple and nearly zero colorful wastewater and volatile organic compounds(VOC) were discharged, which showed the environmental friendly characteristics.
The low molecular weight poly (acrylic acid) was synthesized by precipitation polymerization with the yield over90%. Under the optimized polymerization conditions, the average yield was92.6%and solvent recovery was over95%when the residue after polymerization was recycled for5times. In this case, the average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained poly(acrylic acid) was in the range of1000-1300.
A series of poly(acrylanilide-co-acrylic acid) were synthesized in N,N-dimethylaceamide through a facile one-pot condensation of the prepared poly(acrylic acid) with aromatic amines in the presence of thionyl chloride. Their structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. thin layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reaction efficiency of aromatic amine was over80%, even up to96%after lasting for14h when the molar ratio of aromatic amine to acrylic acid unit was1:4. The reaction can work well with aniline, p-nitro aniline, p-methoxy aniline and3-(N,N-diethylamino)aniline, which provides a feasible approach for the synthesis of poly(acrylanilide-co-acrylic acid).
Polymeric intermediates DA with the grafting ratio of25%and35%were synthesized by the condensation of poly(acrylic acid) with3-(N,N-diethylamino)aniline.13poly (acrylic acid) dyes were synthesized by the coupling of DA(35%) with aromatic and heterocyclic amines diazonium salts. And another2poly (acrylic acid) dyes were synthesized by the coupling of DA(25%) with aromatic diazonium salts. Through the condensation of poly(acrylic acid) with p-nitroaniline, a polymeric intermediate with a grafting ratio of15%was also synthesized, which was followed by reduction, diazotization and coupling with pyridone intermediates to synthesize2yellow polymeric dyes. All the synthesized dyes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
For dyeing and printing with the poly(acrylic acid) dyes,12binders based on polymeric acrylate were synthesized, which showed good compatibility with poly(acrylic acid) dyes.
The dyeing conditions were optimized with the synthesized poly(acrylic acid) dyes and polymeric acrylate binders. Under optimized dyeing conditions, take the example of the polymeric dyes synthesized from DA (35%), the dry fastness to rubbing, fastness to wash and wet fastness to rubbing was up to4,4and3ratings in the presence of15%non-crosslinked binder of No.O which didn't contain N-hydroxymethylacrylamide; while under this condition the dyed PET fabric had the fastness up to4ratings. When printing in the presence of6%sodium alginate, the quality of the printed fabric was good enough for the practical application. Under the same conditions, the wet fastness to rubbing and color change ratings on the printed cotton and PET fabrics were0.5-1rating higher when cross-linked binders were used, compared to the non-crosslinked binders.
It was investigated that the relationship between the fabric dyeing properties and the chromophore structures of poly(acrylic acid) dyes, which indicated that the dyes containing nitro or cyano group contributed to a better fastness to rubbing and washing. In the case of the same chromophore structure, the poly(acrylic acid) dyes with a higher grafting ratio resulted in a better fastness to rubbing and washing.
引文
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