预处理后剩余污泥中温两相厌氧消化效能研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化进程的加快和环境质量标准的提高,污水处理率和处理程度逐年提高,污水处理过程中副产物——剩余污泥的量也急剧增加。由于剩余污泥中含有大量有机质,一般需对其进行稳定化处理后再进行在最终处置,污泥厌氧消化处理技术是应用最为广泛的污泥稳定化技术,但目前应用的污泥厌氧消化工艺,普遍存在处理周期长、甲烷产率低等问题。
本研究采用中温两相厌氧消化工艺对剩余污泥进行处理,首先对比分析单独热水解、单独高压以及高压与热水解联合应用对污泥厌氧消化性能的影响;之后对预处理后污泥进行中温两相厌氧消化,将产酸相控制在乙醇型发酵阶段,在系统稳定运行的基础上,探讨了中温两相厌氧消化工艺运行特性,研究了厌氧消化后污泥VS、沉降性能、脱水性能及重金属形态分布的变化情况,建立了剩余污泥厌氧消化动力学模型;最后对剩余污泥经乙醇型发酵后上清液作为反硝化碳源的特性进行了研究。
高压与热水解联合处理对污泥的厌氧消化性能提高明显优于高压和热水解单独处理,而且可缩短热水解处理的时间,联合处理在5MPa、150℃处理30min后剩余污泥厌氧消化性能高于单独采用热水解170℃处理45min后污泥。
以5MPa,150℃条件下处理30min后剩余污泥为基质,考察了中温两相厌氧消化系统的运行效能。结果表明,污泥VS去除率随着有机负荷的增加而下降,在有机负荷为0.98、1.57、2.35和3.13kgVS/m~3d时,系统VS去除率分别为59.4%、54.7%、50.21%和42.2%。接种经驯化后的乙醇型发酵污泥,可快速将产酸相控制在乙醇型发酵阶段,在不同有机负荷下,产酸相出泥VFA组分中乙醇和乙酸的量占总VFA的比例不同,产酸相比氢气产率也各不相同;在产酸相有机负荷为4.40、7.05、10.56和14.08kgVS/m~3d时,平均比氢气产率分别为0.0183、0.0238、0.0221和0.0194 L·H_2/g·VS。
高压与热水解联合预处理后污泥沉降性能和脱水性能得到明显改善,之后进行中温两相厌氧消化,其污泥沉降性能和脱水性能变差,但均优于原剩余污泥;污泥经高压与热水解联合预处理后污泥中以稳定态分布的Zn、Cu含量明显提高,进行中温两相厌氧消化后Zn、Cu稳定性进一步提高。
在Lawrence - McCarty模型基础上,结合微生物生长和有机底物降解规律,得出剩余污泥中温两相厌氧消化动力学的4个基本参数:单位基质下微生物理论产率Y、微生物衰减常数K_d、基质最大比去除速度v_(max)以及饱和常数K_s分别为0.2471、0.3697、2.1767和10.4158。
产酸相有机负荷为10.56kgVS/m~3·d时,发酵后污泥上清液作为反硝化碳源,在C/N和MLVSS相近的条件下,上清液和甲醇作为反硝化碳源的反硝化过程总比反硝化速率分别为2.26、2.23mgNO_3~--N/ gVSS·h,是生活污水的2.86倍。
With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of environmental quality standards in China, the disposal rate and degree of sewage is raising year by year while the by product—surplus sludge generated in the course of sewage treatment is increasing rapidly. As surplus sludge contains a great deal of organic matter, it needs a stabilization treatment before the ultimate disposal. The sludge anaerobic digestion treatment technology should be the most widespread sludge stabilization technology at present, but all the existing sludge anaerobic digestion techniques have the deficiencies like long digestion time, low yield of methane.
Dealing with surplus sludge by applying mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion technique, this study first compares the effect separate thermal hydrolysis, separate high pressure and the combined application of thermal hydrolysis and high pressure have on surplus sludge anaerobic digestion performance; then conducts mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion for the pre-treated sludge and keeps the acidogenic phase in the stage of ethanol-type fermentation. On the basis of the stable operation of the system, this study discussed the operating characteristic of mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion, researched the change of sludge VS, settling property and dewatering performance as well as species distribution of the heavy metals in sludge after anaerobic digestion, built a dynamic model of surplus sludge anaerobic digestion and studied the property of surplus sludge after ethanol-type fermentation with supernatant as denitrifying carbon source.
The combined treatment of high pressure and thermal hydrolysis is obviously better for the improvement of anaerobic digestion performance of sludge than the separate treatment of high pressure or thermal hydrolysis, and can reduce the treatment time of thermal hydrolysis. The anaerobic digestion performance of surplus sludge after 30 minutes of combined treatment at 5MPa,150℃is slightly higher than that of the sludge after 45 minutes of the separate treatment of thermal hydrolysis at 170℃.
With surplus sludge after being treated for 30 minutes at 5MPa,150℃as matrix, the operating efficiency of mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion system was examined. The result showed that the removal rate of sludge VS decreased as organic load increased and the removal rate of the system VS was 59.4%、54.7%、50.21% and 42.2% respectively when the organic load was 0.98、1.57、2.35 and 3.13kgVS/m~3·d. Inoculating sludge of ethanol-type fermentation after acclimation can rapidly maintain acidogenic phase in the stage of ethanol-type fermentation. The composition study of acidogenic phase VFA found that under different organic loads, the proportion of ethanol or acetic acid in the total VFA and specific hydrogen production rate were different. The specific hydrogen production rate was 0.0183、0.0238、0.0221 and 0.0194 L·H_2/g·VS respectively when the organic load of acidogenic phase was 0.98, 1.57, 2.35 and 3.13kgVS/m~3·d.
Both the settling property and dewatering performance of the surplus sludge were significantly improved after combined pre-treatment of thermal hydrolysis and high pressure. After mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion, both the settling property and dewatering performance of surplus sludge were deterioration, but better than the original surplus sludge; the stability of heavy metals Zn, Cu in the sludge improves remarkably.
Based on the Lawrence– McCarty model and according to the rule of microbial growth and degradation of organic substrates, we obtained four basic parameters of reactor anaerobic digestion dynamics with surplus sludgeafter the combined pre-treatment of high temperature and pressure as matrix: microbial theoretical yield per unit of matrix Y , microbial attenuation constant K_d, matrix maximal ratio removal velocity v_(max) and saturation constant K_s are 0.2471、0.3697、2.1767 and 10.4158 respectively.
When the organic load of acidogenic phase was 10.56kgVS/m~3·d and in the condition that C/N and MLVSS are about the same, the denitrification rates in the denitrification processes with supernatant as denitrifying carbon source and with supernatant and methane as denitrifying carbon source show little difference, being 2.26, 2.23mgNO_3~--N/gVSS·h respectively, 2.86 times as much as that of sanitary sewage.
本研究采用中温两相厌氧消化工艺对剩余污泥进行处理,首先对比分析单独热水解、单独高压以及高压与热水解联合应用对污泥厌氧消化性能的影响;之后对预处理后污泥进行中温两相厌氧消化,将产酸相控制在乙醇型发酵阶段,在系统稳定运行的基础上,探讨了中温两相厌氧消化工艺运行特性,研究了厌氧消化后污泥VS、沉降性能、脱水性能及重金属形态分布的变化情况,建立了剩余污泥厌氧消化动力学模型;最后对剩余污泥经乙醇型发酵后上清液作为反硝化碳源的特性进行了研究。
高压与热水解联合处理对污泥的厌氧消化性能提高明显优于高压和热水解单独处理,而且可缩短热水解处理的时间,联合处理在5MPa、150℃处理30min后剩余污泥厌氧消化性能高于单独采用热水解170℃处理45min后污泥。
以5MPa,150℃条件下处理30min后剩余污泥为基质,考察了中温两相厌氧消化系统的运行效能。结果表明,污泥VS去除率随着有机负荷的增加而下降,在有机负荷为0.98、1.57、2.35和3.13kgVS/m~3d时,系统VS去除率分别为59.4%、54.7%、50.21%和42.2%。接种经驯化后的乙醇型发酵污泥,可快速将产酸相控制在乙醇型发酵阶段,在不同有机负荷下,产酸相出泥VFA组分中乙醇和乙酸的量占总VFA的比例不同,产酸相比氢气产率也各不相同;在产酸相有机负荷为4.40、7.05、10.56和14.08kgVS/m~3d时,平均比氢气产率分别为0.0183、0.0238、0.0221和0.0194 L·H_2/g·VS。
高压与热水解联合预处理后污泥沉降性能和脱水性能得到明显改善,之后进行中温两相厌氧消化,其污泥沉降性能和脱水性能变差,但均优于原剩余污泥;污泥经高压与热水解联合预处理后污泥中以稳定态分布的Zn、Cu含量明显提高,进行中温两相厌氧消化后Zn、Cu稳定性进一步提高。
在Lawrence - McCarty模型基础上,结合微生物生长和有机底物降解规律,得出剩余污泥中温两相厌氧消化动力学的4个基本参数:单位基质下微生物理论产率Y、微生物衰减常数K_d、基质最大比去除速度v_(max)以及饱和常数K_s分别为0.2471、0.3697、2.1767和10.4158。
产酸相有机负荷为10.56kgVS/m~3·d时,发酵后污泥上清液作为反硝化碳源,在C/N和MLVSS相近的条件下,上清液和甲醇作为反硝化碳源的反硝化过程总比反硝化速率分别为2.26、2.23mgNO_3~--N/ gVSS·h,是生活污水的2.86倍。
With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of environmental quality standards in China, the disposal rate and degree of sewage is raising year by year while the by product—surplus sludge generated in the course of sewage treatment is increasing rapidly. As surplus sludge contains a great deal of organic matter, it needs a stabilization treatment before the ultimate disposal. The sludge anaerobic digestion treatment technology should be the most widespread sludge stabilization technology at present, but all the existing sludge anaerobic digestion techniques have the deficiencies like long digestion time, low yield of methane.
Dealing with surplus sludge by applying mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion technique, this study first compares the effect separate thermal hydrolysis, separate high pressure and the combined application of thermal hydrolysis and high pressure have on surplus sludge anaerobic digestion performance; then conducts mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion for the pre-treated sludge and keeps the acidogenic phase in the stage of ethanol-type fermentation. On the basis of the stable operation of the system, this study discussed the operating characteristic of mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion, researched the change of sludge VS, settling property and dewatering performance as well as species distribution of the heavy metals in sludge after anaerobic digestion, built a dynamic model of surplus sludge anaerobic digestion and studied the property of surplus sludge after ethanol-type fermentation with supernatant as denitrifying carbon source.
The combined treatment of high pressure and thermal hydrolysis is obviously better for the improvement of anaerobic digestion performance of sludge than the separate treatment of high pressure or thermal hydrolysis, and can reduce the treatment time of thermal hydrolysis. The anaerobic digestion performance of surplus sludge after 30 minutes of combined treatment at 5MPa,150℃is slightly higher than that of the sludge after 45 minutes of the separate treatment of thermal hydrolysis at 170℃.
With surplus sludge after being treated for 30 minutes at 5MPa,150℃as matrix, the operating efficiency of mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion system was examined. The result showed that the removal rate of sludge VS decreased as organic load increased and the removal rate of the system VS was 59.4%、54.7%、50.21% and 42.2% respectively when the organic load was 0.98、1.57、2.35 and 3.13kgVS/m~3·d. Inoculating sludge of ethanol-type fermentation after acclimation can rapidly maintain acidogenic phase in the stage of ethanol-type fermentation. The composition study of acidogenic phase VFA found that under different organic loads, the proportion of ethanol or acetic acid in the total VFA and specific hydrogen production rate were different. The specific hydrogen production rate was 0.0183、0.0238、0.0221 and 0.0194 L·H_2/g·VS respectively when the organic load of acidogenic phase was 0.98, 1.57, 2.35 and 3.13kgVS/m~3·d.
Both the settling property and dewatering performance of the surplus sludge were significantly improved after combined pre-treatment of thermal hydrolysis and high pressure. After mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion, both the settling property and dewatering performance of surplus sludge were deterioration, but better than the original surplus sludge; the stability of heavy metals Zn, Cu in the sludge improves remarkably.
Based on the Lawrence– McCarty model and according to the rule of microbial growth and degradation of organic substrates, we obtained four basic parameters of reactor anaerobic digestion dynamics with surplus sludgeafter the combined pre-treatment of high temperature and pressure as matrix: microbial theoretical yield per unit of matrix Y , microbial attenuation constant K_d, matrix maximal ratio removal velocity v_(max) and saturation constant K_s are 0.2471、0.3697、2.1767 and 10.4158 respectively.
When the organic load of acidogenic phase was 10.56kgVS/m~3·d and in the condition that C/N and MLVSS are about the same, the denitrification rates in the denitrification processes with supernatant as denitrifying carbon source and with supernatant and methane as denitrifying carbon source show little difference, being 2.26, 2.23mgNO_3~--N/gVSS·h respectively, 2.86 times as much as that of sanitary sewage.
引文
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