通航桥梁船撞风险分析与规避措施研究与应用
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摘要
为满足我国经济的迅猛发展,跨江河以及海峡海湾大桥也日益增多,相应桥梁遭受船舶撞击的事故也不断发生,轻者桥梁受损,重者桥塌人亡。国道325九江大桥船撞事件更加引起了社会的巨大反响,这也促使桥梁工程师们深刻反思,如何才能避免桥梁船撞事故或将桥梁船撞事故的风险降到最低?目前我国规范中关于桥梁船撞设计的思想落后,方法粗糙,难以满足我国桥梁建设日益发展的需要。本文正是在这样的背景下,以国道325九江大桥为工程背景,对桥梁船撞风险和基于多点多源视频信息融合的桥梁防船撞预警技术进行研究。本研究主要开展的研究工作如下:
1)探讨了船桥碰撞事故发生的主要原因,在此基础上对九江大桥的船撞风险进行了分析;
2)对九江大桥进行了防撞设计,并基于推倒分析验证了该设计的有效性;
3)研究了各种船舶预警技术的特点,并分析了船舶预警系统的需求,提出了基于多点多源视频信息融合的桥梁船撞预警系统;
4)分析了桥梁防撞预警系统中的视频信息处理的流程,并对基于多点多源视频信息融合的船舶预警系统中的关键技术进行了分析,包括有图像预处理、船舶识别和多点多源信息融合;
5)提出了船舶预警事件的评估方法,并对瞬态预测预警和主动预警两种方式进行了分析;
6)将基于视频信息融合的船撞预警技术应用于九江大桥,对系统的硬件和软件分别进行设计;
最后,对基于多点多源视频信息融合的桥梁防船撞预警系统的研究进行了展望,对其中尚需进一步研究的内容进行了总结。
To meet the rapid economic development of our country, bridges stepping rivers and straits become increasing day and day. Correspondingly, the accident of ship-bridge collision happens frequently, which results in bridge damage only for the lighter punishment and bridge collapse and personal casualties for the worse. The accident that ship hits Jiujiang Bridge in No.325 national road causes an enormous response in society, which impels bridge engineer to ponder how to prevent ship-bridge collision or minimize the accident riskt? The domestic design specification for ship-bridge collision is too old and outdated to meet the requirement of bridge construction. In this context, Jiujiang Bridge in No.325 national road as were took as an example in this thesis, and it were investigated that the risk analysis of ship-bridge collision and the ship collision warning system based on multi-points and multi-sources video information fusion. The main research works in this thesis were listed as follows:
1) The main reason, which leads to ship-bridge collision, was discussed, and then the risk of ship collision with Jiujiang Bridge was analyzed.
2) Anti-collision measure of Jiujiang Bridge was designed and its effectiveness was validated based on pushover analysis.
3) According to the characteristics of different warning technologies and the demanding of ship collision warning system, a novel ship collision warning system, based on the multi points and multi sources video information fusion, was proposed.
4) The video information processing of the ship collision warning system was studied. Meanwhile the key technologies, including image preprocessing, ship identification, multi-points and multi-sources information fusion, were discussed.
5) The evaluation method on ship collision warning events was proposed, and the early warning modes based on transient warning and active predicting were analyzed.
6) The ship collision warning system based on the multi points and multi sources video information fusion was applied to Jiujiang Bridge, and the structures of this system, including hardware and software, were introduced.
Finally the prospect on the ship collision warning system based on the multi points and multi sources video information fusion was discussed, and the contents needing further focus were summarized.
1)探讨了船桥碰撞事故发生的主要原因,在此基础上对九江大桥的船撞风险进行了分析;
2)对九江大桥进行了防撞设计,并基于推倒分析验证了该设计的有效性;
3)研究了各种船舶预警技术的特点,并分析了船舶预警系统的需求,提出了基于多点多源视频信息融合的桥梁船撞预警系统;
4)分析了桥梁防撞预警系统中的视频信息处理的流程,并对基于多点多源视频信息融合的船舶预警系统中的关键技术进行了分析,包括有图像预处理、船舶识别和多点多源信息融合;
5)提出了船舶预警事件的评估方法,并对瞬态预测预警和主动预警两种方式进行了分析;
6)将基于视频信息融合的船撞预警技术应用于九江大桥,对系统的硬件和软件分别进行设计;
最后,对基于多点多源视频信息融合的桥梁防船撞预警系统的研究进行了展望,对其中尚需进一步研究的内容进行了总结。
To meet the rapid economic development of our country, bridges stepping rivers and straits become increasing day and day. Correspondingly, the accident of ship-bridge collision happens frequently, which results in bridge damage only for the lighter punishment and bridge collapse and personal casualties for the worse. The accident that ship hits Jiujiang Bridge in No.325 national road causes an enormous response in society, which impels bridge engineer to ponder how to prevent ship-bridge collision or minimize the accident riskt? The domestic design specification for ship-bridge collision is too old and outdated to meet the requirement of bridge construction. In this context, Jiujiang Bridge in No.325 national road as were took as an example in this thesis, and it were investigated that the risk analysis of ship-bridge collision and the ship collision warning system based on multi-points and multi-sources video information fusion. The main research works in this thesis were listed as follows:
1) The main reason, which leads to ship-bridge collision, was discussed, and then the risk of ship collision with Jiujiang Bridge was analyzed.
2) Anti-collision measure of Jiujiang Bridge was designed and its effectiveness was validated based on pushover analysis.
3) According to the characteristics of different warning technologies and the demanding of ship collision warning system, a novel ship collision warning system, based on the multi points and multi sources video information fusion, was proposed.
4) The video information processing of the ship collision warning system was studied. Meanwhile the key technologies, including image preprocessing, ship identification, multi-points and multi-sources information fusion, were discussed.
5) The evaluation method on ship collision warning events was proposed, and the early warning modes based on transient warning and active predicting were analyzed.
6) The ship collision warning system based on the multi points and multi sources video information fusion was applied to Jiujiang Bridge, and the structures of this system, including hardware and software, were introduced.
Finally the prospect on the ship collision warning system based on the multi points and multi sources video information fusion was discussed, and the contents needing further focus were summarized.
引文
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