伪码调相中断连续波雷达的信号处理系统设计及FPGA实现
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摘要
在现代高技术战争中,以雷达为代表的战场感知系统,对战争的胜负起着不可估量的作用。近程地面侦察雷达能够对入侵方的坦克、装甲车辆、步兵等地面活动目标进行全天候的监视。而伪码调相中断连续波雷达结合了脉冲多普勒雷达和伪码调相连续波雷达的优势,克服了连续波雷达发射泄漏的缺点,有效地提升了地面侦察雷达的性能,是国内外研究的热点。
论文首先对常用的伪随机码的自相关特性进行了分析,建立了伪码调相中断连续波雷达的目标回波模型,在此基础上仿真分析了伪码调相中断连续波信号的模糊函数图。其次,设计了满足雷达性能要求且适合FPGA实现的信号处理算法,包括数字下变频、杂波抑制、匹配滤波及旁瓣抑制、距离门重排、多普勒滤波、功率谱估计等处理模块,并利用MATLAB仿真工具对处理算法的功能和性能进行了评估。再次,在信号处理硬件平台的Altera EP3SE110上实现了该信号处理算法,并进行了测试。测试表明本文设计的算法可以正确地检测到目标并得到目标的距离、速度、强度等信息。最后,讨论了伪码调相中断连续波雷达的多普勒补偿技术,在对常用的普勒补偿技术分析的基础上,设计实现了基于FPGA的补偿方法,并完成了该方法在信号处理硬件平台上的功能测试,验证了该方法的正确性。
Battlefield information acquisition system, including radar, plays an important role in modern high-technology war. Short-range ground reconnaissance radar can monitor enemy moving targets such as tanks, armored vehicles, infantries and so on in all-weather conditions. The pseudo-random coded quasi-continuous wave(QCW) radar, which has the advantage of pulse Doppler radar and pseudo-random coded continuous wave(CW) radar, not only solves the problem of transmit leakage of CW radar, but also improves the detection performance effectively. So pseudo-random coded QCW radar is always the focus of the research work in China and abroad recently.
This paper discusses the autocorrelation function of common pseudo-random codes firstly.After building the model of the radar echo signals, the ambiguity function figure of pseudo-random coded QCW radar is shown in the paper. Then a digital signal processing system for the radar based on FPGA is simulated and illustrated in detail to meet its performance requirements. The system consists of digital down converter (DDC), clutter suppression, matched filtering, sidelobe suppression, range-gate permutation and power spectral density estimate. Then the function and performance of the algorithm is evaluated by MATLAB.Next, the implementation of signal processing algorithm in FPGA on the hardware platform based on Altera EP3SE110 is described and the test results are also provided.The experimental data prove that signal processing algorithm mentioned in this paper can detect the existence of moving targets exactly and can obtain relevant information, such as their distance, speed, intensity and so on. Finally, the paper talks about Doppler compensation of pseudo-random coded QCW radar. After introducing the existing method, a Doppler compensation way based on FPGA is designed and implemented and the test results are given to prove the validity of the proposed method.
论文首先对常用的伪随机码的自相关特性进行了分析,建立了伪码调相中断连续波雷达的目标回波模型,在此基础上仿真分析了伪码调相中断连续波信号的模糊函数图。其次,设计了满足雷达性能要求且适合FPGA实现的信号处理算法,包括数字下变频、杂波抑制、匹配滤波及旁瓣抑制、距离门重排、多普勒滤波、功率谱估计等处理模块,并利用MATLAB仿真工具对处理算法的功能和性能进行了评估。再次,在信号处理硬件平台的Altera EP3SE110上实现了该信号处理算法,并进行了测试。测试表明本文设计的算法可以正确地检测到目标并得到目标的距离、速度、强度等信息。最后,讨论了伪码调相中断连续波雷达的多普勒补偿技术,在对常用的普勒补偿技术分析的基础上,设计实现了基于FPGA的补偿方法,并完成了该方法在信号处理硬件平台上的功能测试,验证了该方法的正确性。
Battlefield information acquisition system, including radar, plays an important role in modern high-technology war. Short-range ground reconnaissance radar can monitor enemy moving targets such as tanks, armored vehicles, infantries and so on in all-weather conditions. The pseudo-random coded quasi-continuous wave(QCW) radar, which has the advantage of pulse Doppler radar and pseudo-random coded continuous wave(CW) radar, not only solves the problem of transmit leakage of CW radar, but also improves the detection performance effectively. So pseudo-random coded QCW radar is always the focus of the research work in China and abroad recently.
This paper discusses the autocorrelation function of common pseudo-random codes firstly.After building the model of the radar echo signals, the ambiguity function figure of pseudo-random coded QCW radar is shown in the paper. Then a digital signal processing system for the radar based on FPGA is simulated and illustrated in detail to meet its performance requirements. The system consists of digital down converter (DDC), clutter suppression, matched filtering, sidelobe suppression, range-gate permutation and power spectral density estimate. Then the function and performance of the algorithm is evaluated by MATLAB.Next, the implementation of signal processing algorithm in FPGA on the hardware platform based on Altera EP3SE110 is described and the test results are also provided.The experimental data prove that signal processing algorithm mentioned in this paper can detect the existence of moving targets exactly and can obtain relevant information, such as their distance, speed, intensity and so on. Finally, the paper talks about Doppler compensation of pseudo-random coded QCW radar. After introducing the existing method, a Doppler compensation way based on FPGA is designed and implemented and the test results are given to prove the validity of the proposed method.
引文
[1]熊峰.战场侦察雷达技术概述[J].电视技术,2007,47(2)：6～11
[2]宋雪岩.战场侦察雷达地面运动目标检测[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2004
[3]周旭.伪码调相中断连续波雷达信号处理的关键技术研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2009
[4]包敏.线性调频连续波雷达信号处理技术研究与硬件实现[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2009
[5]易正红.相位编码雷达信号特征研究[J].电子对抗技术,2002,17(2)：8-9
[6]何晓峰.相位编码体制雷达码型选择综合分析[J].雷达与对抗,,20084：82～84
[7]谭贤四,王红,曲智国等.三种不同体制雷达的比较[J].舰船电子对抗,2004,31(1)：56～58
[8]EH.Khan, D.K.Mitchwell. Waveform analysis for high-frequency FMICW radar[J]. IEEE PROCEEDINGS-F,1991,5 (138):411-419
[9]刘晓娟,徐永元,姬长华.相位编码信号在LPI雷达中的应用[J].现代雷达,2003,7：11-13
[10]袁嗣杰,陈谷仓,李贵新.准连续波雷达数字信号处理系统[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2003,1：67～69
[11]顾红,李玺.解决连续波雷达泄漏的一种新途径——周期方波断续法[J].电子学报,1998,12：7-11
[12]孙光民,朱晓华,顾红,刘国岁.随机二相码脉冲雷达信号的平均模糊函数[J].信号处理,1996,1(12)：38～44
[13]张可.准连续波雷达信号分析[J].雷达技术,2003,4(106)：35～36
[14]蓝金巧,孙晓闻,朱明振,吴顺君.准连续波体制雷达的系统仿真[J].计算机仿真,2004,3(21)：18～20
[15]袁伟明.雷达低截获和波形识别方法研究[M].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009
[16]张群逸.雷达中的相位编码信号与处理[J].火控雷达技术,2005,34：29～32
[17]KeyE.L., Fowle.E.N., Haggarty.R.D..A method of sidelobe suppression in Phase coded Pilse[J]. M.I.T. Lineoln Lab,Lexington,Tech.ReP.209,1959,8:1087-1092
[18]Mosca. Sidelobe reduction in phase-coded pulse compression radars[J]. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1967:131-134
[19]Ackroyd M.H., Ghani.F. Optimal Mis-matched Filters for Sidelobe Suppression[J]. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1973,AES-9,4:214-218
[20]Zoraster S. Minimum peak range sidelobe filters for binary phase coded waveforms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1980,AES-16:112-115
[21]Rihaczek A.W., Golden R.M. Range sidelobe suppression for Barker codes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1971,7(6):1087-1092
[22]陈瑶琴,陈晓华.Barker码脉压滤波器优化设计及性能分析[J].电子学报,1986,14(6)：91～98
[23]Chen Xiao Hua. A new algorithm to optimize Barker code sidelobe suppression filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,AES-26,1990: 637-677
[24]蔡凤丽.相位编码信号脉冲压缩旁瓣抑制技术研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2008
[25]高梅国,田黎育.长二相码准连续波雷达信号脉压及多目标影响[J].系统工程与电子术,2004,2(26)：163～166
[26]N. Levanon, Cross-correlation of long binary signals with longer mismatched filters[J], IEEE Proceedings:Radar, Sonar and Navigation,,20056(152):377-382,
[27]Kretschmer F F. Sidelobe Reduction Techniques for Polyphase Compression Codes[J]. IEEE 2000 International Radar Conferece,2000:416-421
[28]王秀坛.一种新的二相码旁瓣抑制滤波器[J].电子与信息学报,2001,11(23)：1045～1048,
[29]何学辉.任意相位编码信号及其脉压滤波器联合优化设计[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2009,6(36)：1027～1032,
[30]贺军涛.雷达杂波抑制及工程实现技术[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2007
[31]卢护林.二相编码信号旁瓣抑制及多普勒补偿算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009
[32]田黎育等.一种二相码信号多普勒补偿方法的研究与实现[J].北京理工大学学报,2002,6(22)：757～758
[33]卢护林等.一种相位编码信号多普勒补偿方法的研究与实现[J].火控雷达技术,38(1),2009：23～25
[34]胡爱明,胡可欣.相位编码信号在雷达中的应用[J].舰船电子对抗,2007,5(30)：66～68
[35]朱国富等.雷达系统设计MATLAB仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009：135～136
[36]Wei-qiang Zhang, Ran Tao, Yong-feng Ma. Fast Computation of the Ambiguity Function[J]. ICSP'04 Proceedings,2004:2124-2127
[37]樊昌信等.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2001：187～189
[38]王平等.数字下变频的设计及其在FPGA中的实现[J].现代电子技术,2010,1(312)：55～57
[39]南京电子技术研究所.雷达手册[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010：30～35
[40]张熙昀.雷达系统杂波仿真[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2008
[41]何暖.伪码调相中断连续波雷达数字化接收系统的仿真研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2007
[42]刘春.伪码调相中断连续波雷达信号处理系统的设计与实现[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2010
[43]李志淮等.地面PD雷达杂波对消分析[J].电子对抗,2009,1：30～34
[44]蒋润良.相位编码雷达信号处理及其应用研究[J].南京理工大学硕士论文,2003
[45]盛建锋.相位编码雷达信号处理及其性能分析[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2004
[46]张永胜.伪码调相连续波雷达的性能与应用研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2004
[47]张旭东,陆明泉.离散随机信号处理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[48]Altera Corporation. Stratix Ⅲ Device Handbook[J]. www.altera.com,2010,2(1): 29-147
[49]胡英辉等.相位编码信号的多普勒补偿[J].电子与信息学报,2009,31(11)：2596～2598
[50]Fred E. Nathanson, J. Patrick Reilly Marvin N. Co. Radar Design Principles:Signal Processing and the Environment[M]. Second Edition. Raleigh:SciTech Publishing,1999
[51]孙晓乐,苏涛.相位编码信号的多普勒频率补偿方法[J].火控雷达技术,2008,37(1)：47～51
[2]宋雪岩.战场侦察雷达地面运动目标检测[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2004
[3]周旭.伪码调相中断连续波雷达信号处理的关键技术研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2009
[4]包敏.线性调频连续波雷达信号处理技术研究与硬件实现[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2009
[5]易正红.相位编码雷达信号特征研究[J].电子对抗技术,2002,17(2)：8-9
[6]何晓峰.相位编码体制雷达码型选择综合分析[J].雷达与对抗,,20084：82～84
[7]谭贤四,王红,曲智国等.三种不同体制雷达的比较[J].舰船电子对抗,2004,31(1)：56～58
[8]EH.Khan, D.K.Mitchwell. Waveform analysis for high-frequency FMICW radar[J]. IEEE PROCEEDINGS-F,1991,5 (138):411-419
[9]刘晓娟,徐永元,姬长华.相位编码信号在LPI雷达中的应用[J].现代雷达,2003,7：11-13
[10]袁嗣杰,陈谷仓,李贵新.准连续波雷达数字信号处理系统[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2003,1：67～69
[11]顾红,李玺.解决连续波雷达泄漏的一种新途径——周期方波断续法[J].电子学报,1998,12：7-11
[12]孙光民,朱晓华,顾红,刘国岁.随机二相码脉冲雷达信号的平均模糊函数[J].信号处理,1996,1(12)：38～44
[13]张可.准连续波雷达信号分析[J].雷达技术,2003,4(106)：35～36
[14]蓝金巧,孙晓闻,朱明振,吴顺君.准连续波体制雷达的系统仿真[J].计算机仿真,2004,3(21)：18～20
[15]袁伟明.雷达低截获和波形识别方法研究[M].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009
[16]张群逸.雷达中的相位编码信号与处理[J].火控雷达技术,2005,34：29～32
[17]KeyE.L., Fowle.E.N., Haggarty.R.D..A method of sidelobe suppression in Phase coded Pilse[J]. M.I.T. Lineoln Lab,Lexington,Tech.ReP.209,1959,8:1087-1092
[18]Mosca. Sidelobe reduction in phase-coded pulse compression radars[J]. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1967:131-134
[19]Ackroyd M.H., Ghani.F. Optimal Mis-matched Filters for Sidelobe Suppression[J]. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1973,AES-9,4:214-218
[20]Zoraster S. Minimum peak range sidelobe filters for binary phase coded waveforms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1980,AES-16:112-115
[21]Rihaczek A.W., Golden R.M. Range sidelobe suppression for Barker codes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1971,7(6):1087-1092
[22]陈瑶琴,陈晓华.Barker码脉压滤波器优化设计及性能分析[J].电子学报,1986,14(6)：91～98
[23]Chen Xiao Hua. A new algorithm to optimize Barker code sidelobe suppression filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,AES-26,1990: 637-677
[24]蔡凤丽.相位编码信号脉冲压缩旁瓣抑制技术研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2008
[25]高梅国,田黎育.长二相码准连续波雷达信号脉压及多目标影响[J].系统工程与电子术,2004,2(26)：163～166
[26]N. Levanon, Cross-correlation of long binary signals with longer mismatched filters[J], IEEE Proceedings:Radar, Sonar and Navigation,,20056(152):377-382,
[27]Kretschmer F F. Sidelobe Reduction Techniques for Polyphase Compression Codes[J]. IEEE 2000 International Radar Conferece,2000:416-421
[28]王秀坛.一种新的二相码旁瓣抑制滤波器[J].电子与信息学报,2001,11(23)：1045～1048,
[29]何学辉.任意相位编码信号及其脉压滤波器联合优化设计[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2009,6(36)：1027～1032,
[30]贺军涛.雷达杂波抑制及工程实现技术[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2007
[31]卢护林.二相编码信号旁瓣抑制及多普勒补偿算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009
[32]田黎育等.一种二相码信号多普勒补偿方法的研究与实现[J].北京理工大学学报,2002,6(22)：757～758
[33]卢护林等.一种相位编码信号多普勒补偿方法的研究与实现[J].火控雷达技术,38(1),2009：23～25
[34]胡爱明,胡可欣.相位编码信号在雷达中的应用[J].舰船电子对抗,2007,5(30)：66～68
[35]朱国富等.雷达系统设计MATLAB仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009：135～136
[36]Wei-qiang Zhang, Ran Tao, Yong-feng Ma. Fast Computation of the Ambiguity Function[J]. ICSP'04 Proceedings,2004:2124-2127
[37]樊昌信等.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2001：187～189
[38]王平等.数字下变频的设计及其在FPGA中的实现[J].现代电子技术,2010,1(312)：55～57
[39]南京电子技术研究所.雷达手册[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010：30～35
[40]张熙昀.雷达系统杂波仿真[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2008
[41]何暖.伪码调相中断连续波雷达数字化接收系统的仿真研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2007
[42]刘春.伪码调相中断连续波雷达信号处理系统的设计与实现[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2010
[43]李志淮等.地面PD雷达杂波对消分析[J].电子对抗,2009,1：30～34
[44]蒋润良.相位编码雷达信号处理及其应用研究[J].南京理工大学硕士论文,2003
[45]盛建锋.相位编码雷达信号处理及其性能分析[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2004
[46]张永胜.伪码调相连续波雷达的性能与应用研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2004
[47]张旭东,陆明泉.离散随机信号处理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[48]Altera Corporation. Stratix Ⅲ Device Handbook[J]. www.altera.com,2010,2(1): 29-147
[49]胡英辉等.相位编码信号的多普勒补偿[J].电子与信息学报,2009,31(11)：2596～2598
[50]Fred E. Nathanson, J. Patrick Reilly Marvin N. Co. Radar Design Principles:Signal Processing and the Environment[M]. Second Edition. Raleigh:SciTech Publishing,1999
[51]孙晓乐,苏涛.相位编码信号的多普勒频率补偿方法[J].火控雷达技术,2008,37(1)：47～51