毫米波雷达地杂波特性的分析与研究
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摘要
毫米波雷达由于具有高距离分辨力、全天候工作能力且抗干扰性强等优点,在众多领域得到广泛应用。而地杂波是影响雷达准确检测目标的重要因素,对杂波特性的掌握有助于提高杂波背景下进行雷达信号的检测能力。因此对毫米波雷达地杂波的研究具有非常重要的意义。
本文对毫米波雷达地杂波特性进行了研究,主要包括地杂波后向散射系数的理论、地杂波后向散射数据处理方法、毫米波LFMCW雷达目标检测性能分析和杂波抑制技术等几个方面。
首先,研究了毫米波雷达地杂波后向散射系数的相关理论,包括杂波理论计算模型、地杂波后向散射系数与入射角的关系、地杂波后向散射系数经验模型、统计特性和极化特性等。
其次,根据两种常用的杂波后向散射系数模型,应用最小二乘法拟合了地面和草地的地杂波后向散射系数曲线。并在此基础上,分析了地杂波后向散射系数随入射角的变化趋势和原因以及幅度特性和相关特性,总结了相应地杂波的后向散射特性。
最后,研究了毫米波LFMCW雷达下的目标检测性能和杂波抑制方法。对毫米波LFMCW雷达在多种地杂波环境下的作用距离及信杂比等进行了分析;研究了LFMCW雷达中的动目标显示技术(MTI),并进行了模拟仿真。
Millimeter-wave radar is widely used in many fields, due to its advantages of high distance resolution, all-day capability and strong anti-interference. The land clutter is the main factor which impacts the veracity of radar detection, it's very usefull to master the clutter characteristic for improving the detecting capability under the background of clutter. So it is very important to do research in MMW radar clutter.
This dissertation can be mainly divided into several parts: the theory about land clutter backscatter coefficient, processing methods of data about land clutter backscatter coefficient, the analysis and research of performance of detection of target under the millimeter wave radar of LFMCW and the clutter suppression.
First of all, this dissertation discusses the related theories of land clutter backscatter coefficient under the millimeter wave radar, including the clutter models, the relation of the land clutter backscatter coefficient and grazing angle, the statistical properties, the characteristics of polarization, and so on.
Secondly, based on the two common clutter backscatter coefficient models, this dissertation fits some land clutter backscatter coefficient curves about ground and grass, then analyses amplitude characteristics and related characteristics of land clutter.
Finally, this dissertation does some research in the performance of target detecting under the millimeter wave radar of LFMCW, mainly discusses the performance of detection of the still target, then researches the Moving Target Indication(MTI) and simulates it.
本文对毫米波雷达地杂波特性进行了研究,主要包括地杂波后向散射系数的理论、地杂波后向散射数据处理方法、毫米波LFMCW雷达目标检测性能分析和杂波抑制技术等几个方面。
首先,研究了毫米波雷达地杂波后向散射系数的相关理论,包括杂波理论计算模型、地杂波后向散射系数与入射角的关系、地杂波后向散射系数经验模型、统计特性和极化特性等。
其次,根据两种常用的杂波后向散射系数模型,应用最小二乘法拟合了地面和草地的地杂波后向散射系数曲线。并在此基础上,分析了地杂波后向散射系数随入射角的变化趋势和原因以及幅度特性和相关特性,总结了相应地杂波的后向散射特性。
最后,研究了毫米波LFMCW雷达下的目标检测性能和杂波抑制方法。对毫米波LFMCW雷达在多种地杂波环境下的作用距离及信杂比等进行了分析;研究了LFMCW雷达中的动目标显示技术(MTI),并进行了模拟仿真。
Millimeter-wave radar is widely used in many fields, due to its advantages of high distance resolution, all-day capability and strong anti-interference. The land clutter is the main factor which impacts the veracity of radar detection, it's very usefull to master the clutter characteristic for improving the detecting capability under the background of clutter. So it is very important to do research in MMW radar clutter.
This dissertation can be mainly divided into several parts: the theory about land clutter backscatter coefficient, processing methods of data about land clutter backscatter coefficient, the analysis and research of performance of detection of target under the millimeter wave radar of LFMCW and the clutter suppression.
First of all, this dissertation discusses the related theories of land clutter backscatter coefficient under the millimeter wave radar, including the clutter models, the relation of the land clutter backscatter coefficient and grazing angle, the statistical properties, the characteristics of polarization, and so on.
Secondly, based on the two common clutter backscatter coefficient models, this dissertation fits some land clutter backscatter coefficient curves about ground and grass, then analyses amplitude characteristics and related characteristics of land clutter.
Finally, this dissertation does some research in the performance of target detecting under the millimeter wave radar of LFMCW, mainly discusses the performance of detection of the still target, then researches the Moving Target Indication(MTI) and simulates it.
引文
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[2]曹晨,王小谟.关于雷达杂波性质研究的若干问题。现代雷达.2001(5):1-5
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[37]G.P.Kulemn,and V.B.Razskazovsky.Complex Effects of Clutter,Weather and Battlefield Conditions on the Target Detection in Millimeter-Wave Radars.Proc.SPIE.1994,2(222):862-871
[38]Evgeny V.Tarnavsky and Gennady P.Kulemin.Modeling of radar land clutter map for small grazing angles.SPIE.2004(5484):702
[39]陈宝辉.雷达目标反射特性.北京:国防工业出版社,1993
[40]Gennadiy P.Kulemin and Evgeniy V.Tarnavsky.Spatial statistical characteristics of land and development of radar clutter maps.SPIE.2004(5410):162
[41]罗贤云 吉健康.雷达地杂波功率谱模型.电波科学学报.1992,7(4):35-40
[42]Helmut Essen and Hartmut Schimpf.Polarimetric properties of land clutter at millimeterwave bands.SPIE.2004(5238):488
[43]G.P.Kulemn,et al..Soil Moisture and Erosion Degree Estimation from Multichannel Microwave Remote Sensing Data.Proc.Europ.Syrup.SPIE on Satellite Remote Sensing,.Paris.September 1995,2(585):144-155
[44]娄国伟,李兴国,吴文.3mm波段FMCW近程雷达的研究。红外与毫米波学报.2001.4,20(2):117-119
[45]黄培康,殷红成,许小剑.雷达目标特性.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
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[47]李庆扬,关治,白峰杉.数值计算原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[48]A.V奥本海姆,R.W谢弗,J.R.巴克.离散时间信号处理.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.9
[49]罗贤云,张忠治.地物雷达杂波空间相关特性的测量与分析.电波科学学报.1995,10(3),50-53
[50]向敬成,张民友.毫米波雷达及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[51]Nicholas C.Currie,Robert.D.Hayes,Robert N.Trebits.Millimeter-Wave Radar Clutter.London:Artech House,1992
[52]熊兴斌,王红,赵选峰,曲智国.地杂波雷达截面积模型性能对比分析.舰船电子对抗.2007.2,30(1):68-71
[53]薛光明.雷达杂波抑制技术研究.雷达专论.2004(2):1-11
[54]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.1
[55]丁鹭飞,张平.雷达系统.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984
[56]D.Curtis Schleher.MTI radar.London:Artech House,1978
[57]罗建迪.近程防卫系统中动目标的定位与检测.中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2002.5:12-26
[58]凌太兵,杨建宇.LFMCW雷达运动目标检测与距离速度去耦合.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.2:23-29
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[2]曹晨,王小谟.关于雷达杂波性质研究的若干问题。现代雷达.2001(5):1-5
[3]兑雅娟.雷达杂波相关特性分析与仿真.火控雷达技术.2007(36):51-55
[4]Banhart.Remote Sensing Laboratory Publication List 1964-1980.University of Kansas:Remote Sensing Lab.,1981
[5]Banhart.Remote Sensing Laboratory Publication List 1981-1983.University of Kansas:Remote Sensing Lab.,1984
[6]G.P.de Loor,P.Hoogeboom,and E.P.W.Attema.The Dutch ROVE Program.IEEE Trans.1982(20):3-11
[7]T.LeToan.Active Microwave Signatures of Soil and Crops.Significant Results of Three Years of Experiments,Dig.Int.Geosci.Remote Sensing Symp.IGARSS.1982(82)
[8]R.E.Clapp.A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Radar Ground Return.Cambridge.Mass:MIT Radiat.Lab.Rept.6024,1946
[9]T.S.George.Fluctuations of Ground Clutter Return in Airborne Radar Equipment.Proc.IEEE(London).1952(99):92-99
[10]E.A.Reitz.,et al.Radar Terrain Return Study,Final Report:Measurements of Terrain Back-Scattering Coefficients with an Airborne X-Band Radar.Goodyear Aerospace Corporation,1959
[11]J.P.Campbell.Back-Scattering Characteristics of Land and Sea at X Band.Proc.Natl.Conf.Aeronaut.Electron.,1958
[12]F.C.MacDonald.The Correlation of Radar Sea Clutter on Vertical and Horizontal Polarization with Wave Height and Slope.IRE.Conv.Rec..1956(4):29-32
[13]C.E.K.Livingstone,P.Singh,and A.L.Gray.Seasonal and Regional Variations of Active/Passive Microwave Signatures of Sea Ice.IEEE Trans..1987(GE-25):159-173
[14]R.W.Larson.,R.E.Hamilton,and F.L.Smith.Calibration of Synthetic Aperture Radar.Dig.IGARSS.1981(81):938-943
[15]Haskell,and B.M.Sorensen.The European SAR-580 Project.Dig.IGARSS.1982(82):1.1-1.5
[16]D.N.Held.The NASA/JPL Multi-polarization SAR Aircraft Program.Dig.IGARSS.1985(85):454-457
[17]F.T.Ulaby,R.K.Moore,and A.K.Fung.Microwave Remote Sensing:Active and Passive.Mass:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,vol.Ⅰ,1981;vol.Ⅱ.1982;Artech House,Norwood,Mass.,vol.Ⅲ,1986
[18]M C Ddobson et al.Handbook of Radar Scattering Statistics for Terrain.Artech House,Inc,1989
[19]罗贤云.雷达地海杂波统计特性研究.电波与天线.1995(2):1-5
[20]黎滨洪,周希朗.毫米波技术及其应用.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990.9
[21]王淮兴.5mm波段FMCW近程雷达定距分析研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.6:1
[22]许金钢.毫米波半实物仿真系统实现方式技术研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.3:1
[23]余金峰.斗鸡台周围地杂波测量与分析.国防科学技术大学研究生院,2001.11:2-3
[24]M.W.Long.Radar Reflectivity of Land and Sea.3rd ed.Norwood:MA:Artech House,2001
[25]焦培南,张忠治.雷达环境与电波传播特性.北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[26]Gennady P.Kulemin.Land clutter statistical model for millimeter-wave radar.SPIE.2003(5077):256
[27]J.Barrie Billingsley.Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter.SciTech PuNishing,2002
[28]田甜.雷达杂波信号的特性分析及仿真.河海大学硕士学位论文,2006.3:8
[29]罗贤云,张忠治.小麦水稻后向地磁散射建模研究与入射角的关系.电波科学学报.1994,9(2),13-25
[30]汤明,尹志颍.地物散射特性的实验研究.科学通报.1996,41(7):662-664
[31]汤明.植被散射实验数据的特性分析.电波科学学报.1992,11(1):89-95
[32]Gennadiy R Kulemin.Millimeter-Wave Radar Targets and Clutter.London:Artech House,2003
[33]冯胜,陈杰,张娟,涂序彦.低入射角下雷达地杂波反射率模型.火力与指挥控制.2005.2,30(2):18-25
[34]Geoffrey H.Goldman.Empirical Model for Low-Angle MMW Radar Ground Clutter.SPIE.1995(2469):242-253
[35]罗贤云,孙芳,尹志颍,温芳茹.雷达地杂波的测试与分析.现代雷达.1994:10-23
[36]洪丽娜.雷达地杂波建模仿真研究.国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2003.12:19
[37]G.P.Kulemn,and V.B.Razskazovsky.Complex Effects of Clutter,Weather and Battlefield Conditions on the Target Detection in Millimeter-Wave Radars.Proc.SPIE.1994,2(222):862-871
[38]Evgeny V.Tarnavsky and Gennady P.Kulemin.Modeling of radar land clutter map for small grazing angles.SPIE.2004(5484):702
[39]陈宝辉.雷达目标反射特性.北京:国防工业出版社,1993
[40]Gennadiy P.Kulemin and Evgeniy V.Tarnavsky.Spatial statistical characteristics of land and development of radar clutter maps.SPIE.2004(5410):162
[41]罗贤云 吉健康.雷达地杂波功率谱模型.电波科学学报.1992,7(4):35-40
[42]Helmut Essen and Hartmut Schimpf.Polarimetric properties of land clutter at millimeterwave bands.SPIE.2004(5238):488
[43]G.P.Kulemn,et al..Soil Moisture and Erosion Degree Estimation from Multichannel Microwave Remote Sensing Data.Proc.Europ.Syrup.SPIE on Satellite Remote Sensing,.Paris.September 1995,2(585):144-155
[44]娄国伟,李兴国,吴文.3mm波段FMCW近程雷达的研究。红外与毫米波学报.2001.4,20(2):117-119
[45]黄培康,殷红成,许小剑.雷达目标特性.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[46]林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[47]李庆扬,关治,白峰杉.数值计算原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[48]A.V奥本海姆,R.W谢弗,J.R.巴克.离散时间信号处理.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.9
[49]罗贤云,张忠治.地物雷达杂波空间相关特性的测量与分析.电波科学学报.1995,10(3),50-53
[50]向敬成,张民友.毫米波雷达及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[51]Nicholas C.Currie,Robert.D.Hayes,Robert N.Trebits.Millimeter-Wave Radar Clutter.London:Artech House,1992
[52]熊兴斌,王红,赵选峰,曲智国.地杂波雷达截面积模型性能对比分析.舰船电子对抗.2007.2,30(1):68-71
[53]薛光明.雷达杂波抑制技术研究.雷达专论.2004(2):1-11
[54]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.1
[55]丁鹭飞,张平.雷达系统.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984
[56]D.Curtis Schleher.MTI radar.London:Artech House,1978
[57]罗建迪.近程防卫系统中动目标的定位与检测.中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2002.5:12-26
[58]凌太兵,杨建宇.LFMCW雷达运动目标检测与距离速度去耦合.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.2:23-29
[59]胡广书.数字信号处理.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.8
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