电力电缆中间接头典型缺陷局部放电发展过程的研究
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摘要
硅橡胶绝缘预制式中间接头是电力电缆线路的故障高发部位。现有局部放电测量及分析技术无法有效评估中间接头的绝缘状态,主要原因在于没有建立起硅橡胶主绝缘劣化微观物理过程与局部放电宏观表征之间的关系,缺少绝缘劣化直至击穿全过程的局部放电信息,无法评估局部放电的严重程度。为解决这些问题,本文在建立硅橡胶绝缘劣化过程和局部放电表征之间的关系的基础上,深入研究中间接头典型缺陷局部放电的发展过程,提出局部放电严重程度的评估方法。
使用35kV XLPE电缆和预制式中间接头建立了中间接头局部放电测量实验平台,研制出能够在线高灵敏度测量中间接头局部放电的同轴柱面传感器,测量灵敏度达到10pC,满足电缆中间接头局部放电测量的要求。
为研究硅橡胶绝缘劣化物理过程和局部放电表征之间的关系,制备了硅橡胶缺陷试品,实时观测并测量硅橡胶绝缘劣化直至击穿全过程中的电树枝照片和局部放电信号。生成了电树枝面积和单位时间内局部放电能量随时间的变化曲线,阐述了两条曲线之间的对应关系,揭示了两条曲线发展趋势的高度一致性,为通过局部放电信息评估中间接头硅橡胶主绝缘的状态奠定了基础。
为研究中间接头典型缺陷局部放电的发展过程,在35kV预制式中间接头上设计4种典型缺陷：屏蔽层尖刺缺陷、微孔缺陷、沿面金属颗粒缺陷以及沿面尖刺缺陷。针对每种缺陷模型,设计合理的加压方法激发局部放电信号并加速其发展,使用同轴柱面传感器测量绝缘劣化全过程的局部放电信号。观察并解释了放电对绝缘的破坏现象,生成了局部放电表征参量(单位时间内放电次数、平均放电能量及总放电能量)随时间的变化曲线,提出了根据表征参量曲线发展规律划分局部放电发展阶段的方法,分析了各阶段局部放电相位特征谱图,阐述了中间接头典型缺陷局部放电发展的物理过程。
为研究中间接头典型缺陷局部放电严重程度评估的方法,针对每种缺陷,在划分其局部放电发展阶段的基础上,从各阶段局部放电相位特征谱图中提取了具有局部放电指纹信息的特征量,建立了特征量和局部放电发展阶段之间的关系,分析了特征量随局部放电发展的变化规律。将局部放电严重程度划分为局部放电起始阶段、局部放电发展阶段和局部放电严重阶段,基于局部放电特征量的变化规律并结合放电破坏现象、局部放电相位统计特征阐述了各阶段的主要特点,在此基础上提出了中间接头典型缺陷局部放电严重程度的评估方法。
Prefabricated cable joint with silicone rubber insulation is the high-risk area of cable faults. Existing measurement and analysis technology of partial discharge (PD) cannot be used to effectively evaluate the insulation state of cable joint, because the relationship between microscopic physical process of silicone rubber insulation deterioration and macroscopic characteristics of PD has not been established yet. And PD activities in whole process from insulation deterioration to breakdown is lack of record, thus it is unable to assess the PD severity. To solve these problems, firstly, the relationship mentioned above was built, on this basis an in-depth study on the evolution process of PD caused by typical defects was carried out, and eventually the method to estimate the PD severity has been put forward.
Based on35kV cable and prefabricated cable joint, the experimental platform of PD measurement was set up. Besides a coaxial cylinder sensor which can measure PD of cable joint in real time and high sensitivity has been developed. Experimental results show that its sensitivity achieves10pC, which can meet the requirement of PD measurement in cable joint.
To study the relationship between physical process of silicone rubber insulation deterioration and PD characteristics, the samples of silicone rubber defects were prepared. In the process from insulating degration of silicone rubber to breakdown, the photos of electrical treeing and PD signals were simultaneously recorded. And then two curves, both electrical treeing area and PD energy in unit time changing with time, were generated. Elaborating the corresponding relation between the two curves, it was found that the growing trends of two curves are in high consistency, which lays the foundation for the state evaluation of silicone rubber according to PD information.
To study the evolution process of PD caused by typical defects in cable joint, four types of typical defects, including shield spine, microvoid, surface metal particles and surface spine, were designed and made in real35kV prefabricated cable joint. For each defect model, reasonable methods of applying voltage were designed to stimulate and accelerate the evolution of PD signals, meanwhile, the coaxial cylinder sensor was used to measure the PD signals in the whole process, and then insulation damage caused by discharge was observed and explained, afterwards, the curves of PD characteristic parameters (including discharge times per unit time, average discharge energy and total discharge energy) changing with time were generated. In accordance with the change rules of these curves, the method to divide the evolution stages of PD was proposed. And then phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) spectra in each stage were obtained and analyzed, furthermore, the physical process of PD evolution caused by typical defects in cable joint was expounded.
To study the assessment method of PD severity caused by typical defects in cable joint, the characteristic quantities standing for PD fingerprint information were extracted from PRPD spectra in each stage, and then the relationship between PD characteristic quantities and PD evolution stages were set up, from which the change rules of PD characteristic quantities in the evolution process can be summarized. Based on the PD severity, the evolution stages were divided into PD initial stage, developmental stage and severe stage. Combining the change rule, damage phenomenon caused by discharge and statistical characteristics of PD, the main features of each stage were expounded, and on this basis the method to assess the severity of PD was put forward.
使用35kV XLPE电缆和预制式中间接头建立了中间接头局部放电测量实验平台,研制出能够在线高灵敏度测量中间接头局部放电的同轴柱面传感器,测量灵敏度达到10pC,满足电缆中间接头局部放电测量的要求。
为研究硅橡胶绝缘劣化物理过程和局部放电表征之间的关系,制备了硅橡胶缺陷试品,实时观测并测量硅橡胶绝缘劣化直至击穿全过程中的电树枝照片和局部放电信号。生成了电树枝面积和单位时间内局部放电能量随时间的变化曲线,阐述了两条曲线之间的对应关系,揭示了两条曲线发展趋势的高度一致性,为通过局部放电信息评估中间接头硅橡胶主绝缘的状态奠定了基础。
为研究中间接头典型缺陷局部放电的发展过程,在35kV预制式中间接头上设计4种典型缺陷：屏蔽层尖刺缺陷、微孔缺陷、沿面金属颗粒缺陷以及沿面尖刺缺陷。针对每种缺陷模型,设计合理的加压方法激发局部放电信号并加速其发展,使用同轴柱面传感器测量绝缘劣化全过程的局部放电信号。观察并解释了放电对绝缘的破坏现象,生成了局部放电表征参量(单位时间内放电次数、平均放电能量及总放电能量)随时间的变化曲线,提出了根据表征参量曲线发展规律划分局部放电发展阶段的方法,分析了各阶段局部放电相位特征谱图,阐述了中间接头典型缺陷局部放电发展的物理过程。
为研究中间接头典型缺陷局部放电严重程度评估的方法,针对每种缺陷,在划分其局部放电发展阶段的基础上,从各阶段局部放电相位特征谱图中提取了具有局部放电指纹信息的特征量,建立了特征量和局部放电发展阶段之间的关系,分析了特征量随局部放电发展的变化规律。将局部放电严重程度划分为局部放电起始阶段、局部放电发展阶段和局部放电严重阶段,基于局部放电特征量的变化规律并结合放电破坏现象、局部放电相位统计特征阐述了各阶段的主要特点,在此基础上提出了中间接头典型缺陷局部放电严重程度的评估方法。
Prefabricated cable joint with silicone rubber insulation is the high-risk area of cable faults. Existing measurement and analysis technology of partial discharge (PD) cannot be used to effectively evaluate the insulation state of cable joint, because the relationship between microscopic physical process of silicone rubber insulation deterioration and macroscopic characteristics of PD has not been established yet. And PD activities in whole process from insulation deterioration to breakdown is lack of record, thus it is unable to assess the PD severity. To solve these problems, firstly, the relationship mentioned above was built, on this basis an in-depth study on the evolution process of PD caused by typical defects was carried out, and eventually the method to estimate the PD severity has been put forward.
Based on35kV cable and prefabricated cable joint, the experimental platform of PD measurement was set up. Besides a coaxial cylinder sensor which can measure PD of cable joint in real time and high sensitivity has been developed. Experimental results show that its sensitivity achieves10pC, which can meet the requirement of PD measurement in cable joint.
To study the relationship between physical process of silicone rubber insulation deterioration and PD characteristics, the samples of silicone rubber defects were prepared. In the process from insulating degration of silicone rubber to breakdown, the photos of electrical treeing and PD signals were simultaneously recorded. And then two curves, both electrical treeing area and PD energy in unit time changing with time, were generated. Elaborating the corresponding relation between the two curves, it was found that the growing trends of two curves are in high consistency, which lays the foundation for the state evaluation of silicone rubber according to PD information.
To study the evolution process of PD caused by typical defects in cable joint, four types of typical defects, including shield spine, microvoid, surface metal particles and surface spine, were designed and made in real35kV prefabricated cable joint. For each defect model, reasonable methods of applying voltage were designed to stimulate and accelerate the evolution of PD signals, meanwhile, the coaxial cylinder sensor was used to measure the PD signals in the whole process, and then insulation damage caused by discharge was observed and explained, afterwards, the curves of PD characteristic parameters (including discharge times per unit time, average discharge energy and total discharge energy) changing with time were generated. In accordance with the change rules of these curves, the method to divide the evolution stages of PD was proposed. And then phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) spectra in each stage were obtained and analyzed, furthermore, the physical process of PD evolution caused by typical defects in cable joint was expounded.
To study the assessment method of PD severity caused by typical defects in cable joint, the characteristic quantities standing for PD fingerprint information were extracted from PRPD spectra in each stage, and then the relationship between PD characteristic quantities and PD evolution stages were set up, from which the change rules of PD characteristic quantities in the evolution process can be summarized. Based on the PD severity, the evolution stages were divided into PD initial stage, developmental stage and severe stage. Combining the change rule, damage phenomenon caused by discharge and statistical characteristics of PD, the main features of each stage were expounded, and on this basis the method to assess the severity of PD was put forward.
引文
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