Sorangium cellulosum NUST06纤维堆囊菌胞外多糖对重金属离子的吸附特性
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摘要
粘细菌Sorangium cellulosum NUST06能产大量的胞外多糖，经研究确定了粗多糖对Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附性能最佳。多糖对Pb~(2+)的吸附量大于Cu~(2+)，分别为123.3mg／g和54.73mg／g。Langmuir等温模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的等温吸附，虽然均有高的相关系数。吸附反应在10min内完成，是一个快速、稳定的过程，动力学数据可以用拟二阶方程描述。随着体系初始pH的增大，Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附容量增大，最佳pH分别在3.96和4.51。在同一吸附体系中，Pb~(2+)的体系pH逐渐增大，而Cu~(2+)的体系pH逐渐减小的。低温或高温都不利于Pb~(2+)的吸附，但多糖对Cu~(2+)的吸附则是一个吸热的过程。低浓度的轻金属离子促进Pb~(2+)的吸附，而在高浓度的轻金属吸附体系中，可以观察到竞争多糖上有限的吸附位点。Pb~(2+)的吸附不受低浓度Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的影响，高浓度的Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)促进Pb~(2+)的吸附。而Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Ni~(2+)与Cu~(2+)的发生严重的竞争吸附。Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的动态穿透曲线的穿透点都是在490mL左右，过柱液的体积分别超过640mL和610mL时，固定化多糖吸附己达到饱和。0.5M的HCl溶液能把吸附的Pb~(2+)完全洗脱下来，动态穿透曲线不符合Thomas模型。红外光谱初步证实，Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)是与多糖上的-COOH和-OH发生反应。该多糖对Pb~(2+)表现的特殊吸附机理初步推测为疏水缔合机理。
A novel exopolysaccharide was produced by Myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum NUST06. Coarse EPS exhibited the optimal performance on lead and copper ions by study. The adsorptive capacity of EPS on lead ions was excel to that on copper ions, 123.3mg/g and 54.73mg/g dry weight individually. The Langmuir isotherm was more suitable for describing the biosorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by EPS than the Freundlich adsorption model, although they both had high coefficients. The adsorptive reaction was completed in ten minutes and was a fast and steady course. The kinetic data could be modeled by the pseduo-second order equation. For both metal ions, uptake increased with medium pH, being maximal at 3.96 and 4.51 respectively. In the same system, the pH increased gradually in lead ions solution while declined in copper ions solution. High or low temperature was not beneficial to the biosorption of lead ions but high temperature was good for copper ions. The light metal ions at low initial concentrations promoted the remov
al of lead ions, nevertheless, competition for binding sites on EPS was observed at high initial light metal ion concentrations. The removal of lead ions was independent of Cu2+ and Ni2+ at low initial concentration, but Cu2+ and Ni2+ at high initial concentration enhanced the removal. Opposition to lead ions, the metal ions such as Na+, If, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were competitive with copper ions severely. The breakthrough point of lead and copper ions both occurred at the volume of 490mL, and fix-bed was saturated completely at 640 and 610mL respectively. The biosorbed lead ions were effectively eluted by 0. 5M HCL solution. Breakthrough curve was not in good agreement with Thomas model. Lead and copper ions reacted with -COOH and -OH on EPS primarily by IR testify. The peculiar mechanism of lead biosorbed by EPS was regarded as hydrophobically elementarily.
A novel exopolysaccharide was produced by Myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum NUST06. Coarse EPS exhibited the optimal performance on lead and copper ions by study. The adsorptive capacity of EPS on lead ions was excel to that on copper ions, 123.3mg/g and 54.73mg/g dry weight individually. The Langmuir isotherm was more suitable for describing the biosorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by EPS than the Freundlich adsorption model, although they both had high coefficients. The adsorptive reaction was completed in ten minutes and was a fast and steady course. The kinetic data could be modeled by the pseduo-second order equation. For both metal ions, uptake increased with medium pH, being maximal at 3.96 and 4.51 respectively. In the same system, the pH increased gradually in lead ions solution while declined in copper ions solution. High or low temperature was not beneficial to the biosorption of lead ions but high temperature was good for copper ions. The light metal ions at low initial concentrations promoted the remov
al of lead ions, nevertheless, competition for binding sites on EPS was observed at high initial light metal ion concentrations. The removal of lead ions was independent of Cu2+ and Ni2+ at low initial concentration, but Cu2+ and Ni2+ at high initial concentration enhanced the removal. Opposition to lead ions, the metal ions such as Na+, If, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were competitive with copper ions severely. The breakthrough point of lead and copper ions both occurred at the volume of 490mL, and fix-bed was saturated completely at 640 and 610mL respectively. The biosorbed lead ions were effectively eluted by 0. 5M HCL solution. Breakthrough curve was not in good agreement with Thomas model. Lead and copper ions reacted with -COOH and -OH on EPS primarily by IR testify. The peculiar mechanism of lead biosorbed by EPS was regarded as hydrophobically elementarily.
引文
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2 Forstner U, Wittman G T W. Metal pollution in aquatic environment. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1979
3 Davis T A, Volesky B, Vieira H S F. Sargassum seaweed as biosorbent for heavy metals. Water Research, 2000,34(17):4270～4278
4 汪大晕，徐新华，宋爽．工业废水中专项污染物处理手册．北京：化学工业出版社，2000，14
5 李克斌，刘维屏，邵颖．重金属离子在腐植酸上吸附的研究．环境污染与防治，1997，19(1)：9～11
6 张建梅，韩志萍，王亚军．重金属废水的治理和回收综述．湖州师范学院学报，2002，24(3)：48～52
7 杨芬．藻类对重金属的生物吸附技术研究及其进展．曲靖师范学院学报，2002，21(3)：47～49
8 Celaya R J, Noriega J A, et al. Biosorption of Zn by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Bioprocess Engineering, 2000,22:539～542
9 Sheng H L, Shu L L, Horng G L. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by chelating resin in a multistage adsorption process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000,76:139～153
10 Martine L, Rene O, Lean G. Uptake of lead, cadmium and zinc by a novel bacterial exopolysaccharide. Water Research, 1997,31 (5): 1171～1179
11 Reynolds T D. Unit opertations and processes in environmental engineering. California: Wadworth Belmont, 1982
12 Rathven D M. Principles of adsorption and adsorption processes. New York: Wiley, 1984
13 Fukushi K, Chang D, Ghosh S. Enhanced heavy metal uptake by activated sludge cultures growth in the presence of bioplymer stimularors. Water Science Technology, 1996,34:267～72
14 Guibaud G, Tixier N, Bouju A. Relation between extracellular polymers' composition and its ability to complex Cd, Cu and Pb. Chemosphere, 2003,52:1701～1710
15 Anoop K, Viraraghavan T, Cullimore D. Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillus niger. Bioresource Technology, 1999,70:95～104
16 王宪，徐鲁荣等．海藻生物吸附金属离子技术的特点和功能．台湾海峡，2003，
22(1):120～124
17 Aderhold D, Williams C J, Edyvean R G J. The removal of heavy metal ions by seaweed and their derivatives. Bioresource Technology, 1996,58:1～6
18 Wilde E W, Benemann J R. Bioremoval of heavy metal by the use of microalgae. Biotechnology Advance, 1993,11:781～812
19 Winter C, Winter M, Pohl P. Cadmium adsorption by non-living biomass of the semi-macroscopic brown alga, Ectocarpus siliculosus, grown in axenic mass culture and localization of the adsorbed Cd by transmission electron microscopy. Journal Apply Phycology, 1994,6:479～487
20 Alicia B, Begona S, Maria J L, et al. Biosorption of heavy metals to immobilized Phormidium laminosum biomass. Journal of Biotechnology, 1999,69:227～240
21 李志勇，郭祀远等．利用藻类去除与回收工业废水中的金属．重庆环境科学，1997，19(6)：27～32
22 吴涓，李清彪等．重金属生物吸附的研究进展．离子交换与吸附，1998，14(2)：180～187
23 陈勇生等．重金属的生物吸附技术研究．环境科学进展，1997，5(6)：34～43
24 Sezos M T, Volesky B. The mechanism of uranium biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus. Biotechnology Bioengineering, 1982,24:385～403
25 David K, Bohumil V. Advances in the biosorption of heavy metals. Tibtechnology, 1998,16:291～330
26 Shumate Ⅱ S E, Strandberg G.W, ed. Accumulation of metals by microbial cells. New York: Pergamon Press Comprehensive Biotechnology, 1985,4:235
27 Skountzou P, Soupioni M, Bekatorou A. Lead(Ⅱ) uptake during baker's yeast production by aerobic fermentation of molasses. Process Biochemistry, 2003,38:1479～1482
28 Simmons P, Singleton I. A method to increase silver biosorption by an industrial of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Apply Microbial Biotechnology, 1996,45:278～285
29 Fourest E, Volesky B. Contribution of sulfonate groups and alginate to heavy metal biosorption by the dry mass of Sargassum fluitans. Environment Science Technology, 1996,30:277～282
30 Holan Z R, Volesky B, Prasetyo I. Biosorption of cadmium by biomass of marine algae. Biotechnology Bioengineering, 1993,41:819～825
31 Kuyucak N, Volesky B. The mechanism of cobalt biosorption. Biotechnology Bioengineering, 1989,33:823～831
32 Lee D C, Park C J, Yang J E, et al. Screening of hexavalent chromium biosorbent from marine algae. Apply Microbiol Biotechnology, 2000,54:445～448
33 Nurbas M, Nourbakhsh, Kilicarslan S, et al. Biosorption of Cr~(6+), Pb~(2+) and Cu~(2+) ions in industrial wastewater on Bacillus sp. Chemical Engineering Joural, 2002,85: 351～355
34 Aksu Z. Investigation of biosorption of copper(Ⅱ) by C. vulgaris and Z. ramigera. Environment Technology, 1992,13:579～586
35 Veglio F, Beolchini F. Removal of metals by biosorption. Hydrometallurgy, 1997, 44:301～307
36 潘进芬，林荣根．海洋微藻吸附重金属的机理研究．海洋科学，2000，24(2)：30～33
37 Konishi Y, et al. Recovery of neodymium and ytterbium by biopolymer gel particles of alginic acid. Indagation Engineering Chemistry Research, 1992,31:2303～2311
38 Beveridge T, Ehrlich H, Holmes D, ed. Biotechnology for the mining, metal refining and fossil fuel processing industries. Wiley Interscience: In Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium 16, 1986:127～140
39 常秀莲，王文华等．不同海藻吸附重金属镉离子的研究．离子交换与吸附，2002，18(5)：432～439
40 常秀莲，王文华，冯咏梅．海藻吸附重金属离子的研究．海洋通报，2003，22(2)：39～44
41 刘瑞霞，汤鸿霄，劳伟雄．重金属的生物吸附机理及吸附平衡模式研究．化学进展，2002，14(2)：87～92
42 马前，宋卫峰，吴斌等．含Cr(Ⅵ)废水生物处理技术及其影响因素．四川环境，2001，20(4)：19～22
43 朱一民，魏德洲．Mycobacterium phlei菌对重金属pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的吸附规律．东北大学学报，2003，24(1)：91～93
44 黄民生，施华丽，郑乐平．曲霉对水中重金属的吸附去除．上海环境科学，2002，21(2)：89～92
45 叶锦韶，尹华等．重金属的生物吸附研究进展．城市环境与城市生态，2001，14(3)：30～32
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