新型两性离子型Gemini表面活性剂的制备及性能研究
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摘要
表面活性剂在工农业生产和日常生活中具有广泛的用途和重要的意义,探索具有新型结构和性能的表面活性剂对理论研究和实际应用都具有十分重要的意义。为了提高表面活性剂的抗盐能力,本论文设计并合成了五个系列的新型Gemini表面活性剂,研究了其基本性能,取得的主要成果有:
1、首次以乙二胺及已二胺为原料合成了两个系列的六种两性离子Gemini表面活性剂,采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对中间体及产品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
2、通过改进已有的阳离子Gemini表面活性剂合成了一系列新的两性离子Gemini表面活性剂,并采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对中间体及产品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
3、以长链脂肪酸为原料合成了三种阳离子Gemini表面活性剂,采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对样品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
4、以乙二醇为原料合成了一种新型两性离子Gemini表面活性剂,采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对样品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
5、用最大泡压法测定了Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度cmc和临界胶束下的表面张力γcmc,其cmc值均在1×10-3mol/L ~1×10-4mol/L之间,Gemini表面活性剂的cmc值比对应常规表面活性剂小1~2个数量级,表面张力γcmc在32-40mN/m之间。
6、通过与大庆原油间的界面张力的研究可以看出,通过改进已有的阳离子Gemini表面活性剂合成的两性离子Gemini表面活性剂及以乙二醇为原料合成的两性离子Gemini表面活性剂与原油间的界面张力大多在10-1mN/m,用作驱油剂效果不理想。而分别以乙二胺、已二胺和长链脂肪酸为原料合成的三个系列的Gemini表面活性剂与原油间的界面张力较低,大部分都在10-2mN/m数量级以下,个别双子表面活性剂仅用单剂与盐水就可以使油水界面张力值降低到超低。鉴于Gemini表面活性剂单剂溶液能使油水界面张力降低到超低水平,并且有着优异的抗盐能力,因此该Gemim表面活性剂在三次采油技术中有着潜在广阔的应用前景。
7、使用悬液定量法对合成的Gemini表面活性剂的杀菌性能进行了测试,结果表明合成的Gemini表面活性剂具的良好的杀菌性能。
Because surfactants play a very important role in industrial and agricultural production and daily life, exploring novel surfactants with high surface activity is important in theoretical research and practical application. In order to improve the salt tolerance capability, five series of Gemini surfactants were synthesized in this dissertation, and properties were researched. Some achievements are as fellows:
1. In the dissertation, a family of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants was synthesized using 1,2-ethylenediamine or 1,6-diaminohexane. The intermediates and the products were purified, and then were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
2. A family of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants was synthesized through the improvement of the cationic surfactant. The intermediates and the products were purified, and then were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
3. Three cationic Gemini surfactants were synthesized with the long chain fatty acid. The intermediates and the products were purified and then were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
4. A new zwitterionic Gemini surfactant was synthesized with glycol. It was purified and then was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
5. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values and the surface tension at their cmc(γcmc)values of the Gemini surfactants were measured. The results show that the values of cmc were between 1×10-3mol/L and 1×10-4mol/L, and the values ofγcmc were between 32 mN/m and 40mN/m.
6. The interfacial tensions of the Gemini surfactants with Daqing oilfield crude oil were studied. The results show that the Gemini surfactants through the improvement of cationic surfactants and the Gemini surfactants using glycol as raw material can lower the oil/water interfacial tension to 10-1 mN/m, but the Gemini surfactants using 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane or long chain fatty acid as raw materials can lower the oil/water interfacial tension to ultra-low level at appropriate conditions. So these surfactants show great prospects in application to the tertiary oil recovery technology in the future.
7. Using suspension liquid quantitative method, bactericidal properties of the Gemini surfactants were tested, and the results show that the Gemini surfactants have good bactericidal properties.
1、首次以乙二胺及已二胺为原料合成了两个系列的六种两性离子Gemini表面活性剂,采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对中间体及产品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
2、通过改进已有的阳离子Gemini表面活性剂合成了一系列新的两性离子Gemini表面活性剂,并采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对中间体及产品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
3、以长链脂肪酸为原料合成了三种阳离子Gemini表面活性剂,采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对样品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
4、以乙二醇为原料合成了一种新型两性离子Gemini表面活性剂,采用核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对样品进行了测试,确认了合成产物的结构。
5、用最大泡压法测定了Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度cmc和临界胶束下的表面张力γcmc,其cmc值均在1×10-3mol/L ~1×10-4mol/L之间,Gemini表面活性剂的cmc值比对应常规表面活性剂小1~2个数量级,表面张力γcmc在32-40mN/m之间。
6、通过与大庆原油间的界面张力的研究可以看出,通过改进已有的阳离子Gemini表面活性剂合成的两性离子Gemini表面活性剂及以乙二醇为原料合成的两性离子Gemini表面活性剂与原油间的界面张力大多在10-1mN/m,用作驱油剂效果不理想。而分别以乙二胺、已二胺和长链脂肪酸为原料合成的三个系列的Gemini表面活性剂与原油间的界面张力较低,大部分都在10-2mN/m数量级以下,个别双子表面活性剂仅用单剂与盐水就可以使油水界面张力值降低到超低。鉴于Gemini表面活性剂单剂溶液能使油水界面张力降低到超低水平,并且有着优异的抗盐能力,因此该Gemim表面活性剂在三次采油技术中有着潜在广阔的应用前景。
7、使用悬液定量法对合成的Gemini表面活性剂的杀菌性能进行了测试,结果表明合成的Gemini表面活性剂具的良好的杀菌性能。
Because surfactants play a very important role in industrial and agricultural production and daily life, exploring novel surfactants with high surface activity is important in theoretical research and practical application. In order to improve the salt tolerance capability, five series of Gemini surfactants were synthesized in this dissertation, and properties were researched. Some achievements are as fellows:
1. In the dissertation, a family of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants was synthesized using 1,2-ethylenediamine or 1,6-diaminohexane. The intermediates and the products were purified, and then were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
2. A family of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants was synthesized through the improvement of the cationic surfactant. The intermediates and the products were purified, and then were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
3. Three cationic Gemini surfactants were synthesized with the long chain fatty acid. The intermediates and the products were purified and then were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
4. A new zwitterionic Gemini surfactant was synthesized with glycol. It was purified and then was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra.
5. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values and the surface tension at their cmc(γcmc)values of the Gemini surfactants were measured. The results show that the values of cmc were between 1×10-3mol/L and 1×10-4mol/L, and the values ofγcmc were between 32 mN/m and 40mN/m.
6. The interfacial tensions of the Gemini surfactants with Daqing oilfield crude oil were studied. The results show that the Gemini surfactants through the improvement of cationic surfactants and the Gemini surfactants using glycol as raw material can lower the oil/water interfacial tension to 10-1 mN/m, but the Gemini surfactants using 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane or long chain fatty acid as raw materials can lower the oil/water interfacial tension to ultra-low level at appropriate conditions. So these surfactants show great prospects in application to the tertiary oil recovery technology in the future.
7. Using suspension liquid quantitative method, bactericidal properties of the Gemini surfactants were tested, and the results show that the Gemini surfactants have good bactericidal properties.
引文
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