大学生主观幸福感与人格特征及情绪调节方式关系的研究
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摘要
本研究拟在了解大学生人格、情绪调节方式和主观幸福感的特点基础上,深入三者之间关系及影响大学生主观幸福感因素。
研究方法：问卷调查法,通过主观幸福感问卷,情绪调剂方式问卷和大五人格问卷调查大学生在这三个方面的现状,并通过统计分析描述大学生三个方面的特点。在调查现状的基础上对三者之间的关系做出模型假设及验证。
研究结果：(1)在主观幸福感的消极情感上性别之间t=3.120,sig=0.002,在0.05水平上边缘显著；在主观幸福感的生活满意度上生源地之间t=4.470,sig=0.000,在0.05水平上差异显著；(2)对主观幸福感各维度的年级差异进行方差分析发现：生活满意度上F=7.357,sig=0.001；积极情感维度上,F=2.511,sig=0.082；在消极情感维度上F=14.241,sig=0.000；在主观幸福感总体水平上F=12.756,sig=0.000。只有积极情感在三个年级之间没有显著差异。
研究结论：(1)不同生源地及性别、年级的大学生群体在主观幸福感上表现出有显著差异,提示我们对大学生的主观幸福感的培养,要注意区分生源地、性别及年级三个特征群体,有针对性地展开。(2)不同性别的大学生在情绪调节方式上有显著差异,提示我们在情绪调节方式上,不能忽视性别本身的社会属性,要对男、女大学生区别地看待。(3)不同生源地、性别大学生群体在人格特征的维度上有显著差异,这说明了性别与生源地对大学生人格特征有影响。(4)情感维度对主观幸福感并不具有决定性的影响,只能作为一个衡量主观幸福感的参考指标。(5)生活满意度是主观幸福感的决定性因素。(6)情绪调节方式可以在一定程度上影响主观幸福感的情感维度,但是对主观幸福感并不具有直接的影响。
With the rise of positive psychology, subjective well-being become the researchers' focus. Subjective well-being means evaluators evaluate the whole life quality according to their own standards, which including the integrity of the life satisfaction, positive emotion experience and the negative emotion factors. As one of main component of positive psychology research field, subjective well-being also get all the attention. From the perspective of positivism, psychologist do research on constitute of happiness, the various social psychological factors that influence happiness, hoping to have an in-depth and accurate grasp of the happiness problem. The work of the adult research has done a lot, but the research on college students is just beginning. Therefore, developing researches on college students vigorously can abound and deepen the research of subjective well-being, on the other hand it can help to improve and enhance the quality of the college students'life, so it has important theoretical and realistic significance.
College is the growth stage which has the most life changes, and is the most unstable and most difficult, the most critical stage, and which prone to has psychological problems. With the expansion of the scope of study and life, college students has a more profound emotional experience of self, gender and socio-emotional feelings are also increasingly rich, self-awareness has made great progress, world view and values begin to form, and they also has not curb their psychological nature, and not stable and closure. A number of surveys show that the mental health of college students is not optimistic. In this paper, the college students in the school are subjects, and it study the condition of college students'subjective well-being and its related factors, and it is designed to provide the basis for mental health education of college students'.
研究方法：问卷调查法,通过主观幸福感问卷,情绪调剂方式问卷和大五人格问卷调查大学生在这三个方面的现状,并通过统计分析描述大学生三个方面的特点。在调查现状的基础上对三者之间的关系做出模型假设及验证。
研究结果：(1)在主观幸福感的消极情感上性别之间t=3.120,sig=0.002,在0.05水平上边缘显著；在主观幸福感的生活满意度上生源地之间t=4.470,sig=0.000,在0.05水平上差异显著；(2)对主观幸福感各维度的年级差异进行方差分析发现：生活满意度上F=7.357,sig=0.001；积极情感维度上,F=2.511,sig=0.082；在消极情感维度上F=14.241,sig=0.000；在主观幸福感总体水平上F=12.756,sig=0.000。只有积极情感在三个年级之间没有显著差异。
研究结论：(1)不同生源地及性别、年级的大学生群体在主观幸福感上表现出有显著差异,提示我们对大学生的主观幸福感的培养,要注意区分生源地、性别及年级三个特征群体,有针对性地展开。(2)不同性别的大学生在情绪调节方式上有显著差异,提示我们在情绪调节方式上,不能忽视性别本身的社会属性,要对男、女大学生区别地看待。(3)不同生源地、性别大学生群体在人格特征的维度上有显著差异,这说明了性别与生源地对大学生人格特征有影响。(4)情感维度对主观幸福感并不具有决定性的影响,只能作为一个衡量主观幸福感的参考指标。(5)生活满意度是主观幸福感的决定性因素。(6)情绪调节方式可以在一定程度上影响主观幸福感的情感维度,但是对主观幸福感并不具有直接的影响。
With the rise of positive psychology, subjective well-being become the researchers' focus. Subjective well-being means evaluators evaluate the whole life quality according to their own standards, which including the integrity of the life satisfaction, positive emotion experience and the negative emotion factors. As one of main component of positive psychology research field, subjective well-being also get all the attention. From the perspective of positivism, psychologist do research on constitute of happiness, the various social psychological factors that influence happiness, hoping to have an in-depth and accurate grasp of the happiness problem. The work of the adult research has done a lot, but the research on college students is just beginning. Therefore, developing researches on college students vigorously can abound and deepen the research of subjective well-being, on the other hand it can help to improve and enhance the quality of the college students'life, so it has important theoretical and realistic significance.
College is the growth stage which has the most life changes, and is the most unstable and most difficult, the most critical stage, and which prone to has psychological problems. With the expansion of the scope of study and life, college students has a more profound emotional experience of self, gender and socio-emotional feelings are also increasingly rich, self-awareness has made great progress, world view and values begin to form, and they also has not curb their psychological nature, and not stable and closure. A number of surveys show that the mental health of college students is not optimistic. In this paper, the college students in the school are subjects, and it study the condition of college students'subjective well-being and its related factors, and it is designed to provide the basis for mental health education of college students'.
引文
[1]吴明霞.30年来西方关于主观幸福感的理论发展[J].心理学动态,2000,4：23-28.
[2]Shani D. Carter. Reexamining the temporal aspects of affect: relationships between repeatedly measured affective state, subjectivewell-being, and affective disposition[J]. Personality and Individual Differences.2004,36:381-391.
[3]Watson, D., & Slack, K.. General factors of affective temperament and their relations to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1993,54:181-202.
[4]Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective wellbeing:Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology 54,403-425.
[5]Watson, D., & Slack, K. (1993). General factors of affective temperament and their relations to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,54,181-202.
[6]曹佃省.国外主观幸福感研究的理论概化及进展启示.社会心理科学[J].2008,23(3)：97-98.
[7]Costa P T,McCrac R R. Influence of Extraversion on Subjiective Well-being: Happy and Unhappy People.Journal of Personality and Social psychology,1980.38 (4):668-678
[8]苗元江,余嘉元.幸福感：生活质量研究的新视角[J].新视野,2003,(4)：50.
[9]John,O. P., & Gross J. J. (2007). Individual differences in emotion regulation strategies:Links to lobal trait, dynamic, andsocial cognitive constructs. In:Gross JJ, editor. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Press,351-372.
[10]DeNeve K M., Coorper H. The happy personality:A meta analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well being. Psychology Bulletin, 1998,124:197-229.
[11]Gross, J. J.&Levenson, R. W. Emtional suppression:Psysiology, self-report, and McCraeRR, CostapT. Adding liebeundarbeit:The full five factor model and Well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bullentin,1991,17:227-232. Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychology Bulletin,1984,95(3): 542-575.
[12]Gross J J, John 0 P. Individual differences in two emotion regulation process:implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2003,85 (2):348-362.
[13]王振宏,郭德俊Gorss情绪调节过程与策略研究述评.心理科学进[J],2003,11(6)：629-634
[14]刘启则.情绪调节的影响效果研究述评.中国特殊教育[J],2008,9：80-83.
[15]Schimmack U, Radhkrishnan, Oishi S, etc. Culture, personality, and subjective well-being:Integrating Process Models of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Psychology and social Psychology,2002, 82(4):582-593.
[16]曹佃省.国外主观幸福感研究的理论概化及进展启示.社会心理科学[J].2008,23(3)：97-98
[17]耿晓伟,张峰等.外显与内隐自尊对大学生主观幸福感的预测[J].心理发展与教育.2009,1：97-102
[18]何群杰；张睿大学生主观幸福感的实验研究中国健康心理学杂志2010年第18卷第2期176-177
[19]张懿 大学生主观幸福感的实证研究 教育学术月刊2010.116-20。
[20]王惠霖,赵富学.大学生主观幸福感的体育干预研究[J].甘肃联合大学学报(自然科学版).2010,24(3)：
[21]张凯,吴守宝等.大学生精神信仰状况及其与主观幸福感的关系[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版).2010,31(1)：
[22]安海燕,刘洪福等.大学生的主观幸福感与角色认同的关系研究[J].教育探索2010,4：142-143.
[23]张伯琼,廖娓等.大学生主观幸福感的影响因素及培养对策[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2009,31(1)：179-181.
[24]周恒彩,全宏艳.大学生主观幸福感与人格的关系研究[J].林区教学.2007,11：36-37.
[25]王滨,尹海兰.大学生主观幸福感与人格类型关系的研究[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报.2006,24(4)：86-87.
[26]吉楠,李幼穗.《大学生主观幸福感量表》大编制[J].心理与行为研究.2006,4(1)：49-54.
[27]郑雪,严标宾等.广州大学生主观幸福感研究[J].心理学探新.2001,21(4)：46-50.
[28]Costa P T,McCrac R R. Influence of Extraversion on Subjiective Well-being:Happy and Unhappy People. Journal of Personality and Social psychology,1980.38(4):668-678.
[29]Nadia G, Vivian K, Philip S. Manual for the use of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire A questionnaire measuring cognitive coping strategies. Copyright,2002
[30]Costa P T, McCrae R R. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being:happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1980,38(4):668-678
[31]Suh E, Diener E, Fujita F. Events and subjective well being:only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996,70(5):1091-1102.
[32]周翠金,王洪礼,周涛峰.贵州省大学生主观幸福感研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,23(3).
[33]任国防,张庆林,李江红.人格、环境与主观幸福感.宁波大学学报(教育科学版)[J].2004,26(2)：16-22.
[34]Heady B, Wearing A. Personality,Life events, and SubjectiveWell-Being:Toward Equibrium Model. Journal of Personality andSocial psychology,1989.57(4):731-739.
[35]蒋少艾,戴嘉佳等.人格特征、应付方式与大学生自测健康状况的相关研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(])：66-67.
[36]唐洁,孟宪璋.大中学生主观幸福感的比较研究.中国临床心理学杂志[J],2002,10(4)：316.
[37]张兴贵,何立国等.青少年人格、人口学变量与主观幸福感的关系模型[J].心理发展与教育.2007,1：48-55
[38]郑雪,严标宾等.广州大学生主观幸福感研究[J].心理学探新.2001,21(4)：46-50.
[39]刘启刚,李飞.认知情绪调节策略在大学生生活事件和生活满意度间的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志[J],2007,15(4)：397-398
[40]刘启刚.认知情绪调节策略在大学生生活实践和生活满意度间的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志[J].2007,15(4)：397-398
[41]王力,张厚粲,李中权等.成人依恋、情绪调节与主观幸福感：重新评价和表达抑制的中介作用.心理学探新[J],2007,3：91-96
[42]黄大庆,陈蒲晶,陈英和.研究生情绪调节的认知策略调查中国临床心理学杂志[J].2008年第16卷第4期
[2]Shani D. Carter. Reexamining the temporal aspects of affect: relationships between repeatedly measured affective state, subjectivewell-being, and affective disposition[J]. Personality and Individual Differences.2004,36:381-391.
[3]Watson, D., & Slack, K.. General factors of affective temperament and their relations to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1993,54:181-202.
[4]Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective wellbeing:Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology 54,403-425.
[5]Watson, D., & Slack, K. (1993). General factors of affective temperament and their relations to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,54,181-202.
[6]曹佃省.国外主观幸福感研究的理论概化及进展启示.社会心理科学[J].2008,23(3)：97-98.
[7]Costa P T,McCrac R R. Influence of Extraversion on Subjiective Well-being: Happy and Unhappy People.Journal of Personality and Social psychology,1980.38 (4):668-678
[8]苗元江,余嘉元.幸福感：生活质量研究的新视角[J].新视野,2003,(4)：50.
[9]John,O. P., & Gross J. J. (2007). Individual differences in emotion regulation strategies:Links to lobal trait, dynamic, andsocial cognitive constructs. In:Gross JJ, editor. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Press,351-372.
[10]DeNeve K M., Coorper H. The happy personality:A meta analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well being. Psychology Bulletin, 1998,124:197-229.
[11]Gross, J. J.&Levenson, R. W. Emtional suppression:Psysiology, self-report, and McCraeRR, CostapT. Adding liebeundarbeit:The full five factor model and Well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bullentin,1991,17:227-232. Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychology Bulletin,1984,95(3): 542-575.
[12]Gross J J, John 0 P. Individual differences in two emotion regulation process:implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2003,85 (2):348-362.
[13]王振宏,郭德俊Gorss情绪调节过程与策略研究述评.心理科学进[J],2003,11(6)：629-634
[14]刘启则.情绪调节的影响效果研究述评.中国特殊教育[J],2008,9：80-83.
[15]Schimmack U, Radhkrishnan, Oishi S, etc. Culture, personality, and subjective well-being:Integrating Process Models of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Psychology and social Psychology,2002, 82(4):582-593.
[16]曹佃省.国外主观幸福感研究的理论概化及进展启示.社会心理科学[J].2008,23(3)：97-98
[17]耿晓伟,张峰等.外显与内隐自尊对大学生主观幸福感的预测[J].心理发展与教育.2009,1：97-102
[18]何群杰；张睿大学生主观幸福感的实验研究中国健康心理学杂志2010年第18卷第2期176-177
[19]张懿 大学生主观幸福感的实证研究 教育学术月刊2010.116-20。
[20]王惠霖,赵富学.大学生主观幸福感的体育干预研究[J].甘肃联合大学学报(自然科学版).2010,24(3)：
[21]张凯,吴守宝等.大学生精神信仰状况及其与主观幸福感的关系[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版).2010,31(1)：
[22]安海燕,刘洪福等.大学生的主观幸福感与角色认同的关系研究[J].教育探索2010,4：142-143.
[23]张伯琼,廖娓等.大学生主观幸福感的影响因素及培养对策[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2009,31(1)：179-181.
[24]周恒彩,全宏艳.大学生主观幸福感与人格的关系研究[J].林区教学.2007,11：36-37.
[25]王滨,尹海兰.大学生主观幸福感与人格类型关系的研究[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报.2006,24(4)：86-87.
[26]吉楠,李幼穗.《大学生主观幸福感量表》大编制[J].心理与行为研究.2006,4(1)：49-54.
[27]郑雪,严标宾等.广州大学生主观幸福感研究[J].心理学探新.2001,21(4)：46-50.
[28]Costa P T,McCrac R R. Influence of Extraversion on Subjiective Well-being:Happy and Unhappy People. Journal of Personality and Social psychology,1980.38(4):668-678.
[29]Nadia G, Vivian K, Philip S. Manual for the use of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire A questionnaire measuring cognitive coping strategies. Copyright,2002
[30]Costa P T, McCrae R R. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being:happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1980,38(4):668-678
[31]Suh E, Diener E, Fujita F. Events and subjective well being:only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996,70(5):1091-1102.
[32]周翠金,王洪礼,周涛峰.贵州省大学生主观幸福感研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,23(3).
[33]任国防,张庆林,李江红.人格、环境与主观幸福感.宁波大学学报(教育科学版)[J].2004,26(2)：16-22.
[34]Heady B, Wearing A. Personality,Life events, and SubjectiveWell-Being:Toward Equibrium Model. Journal of Personality andSocial psychology,1989.57(4):731-739.
[35]蒋少艾,戴嘉佳等.人格特征、应付方式与大学生自测健康状况的相关研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(])：66-67.
[36]唐洁,孟宪璋.大中学生主观幸福感的比较研究.中国临床心理学杂志[J],2002,10(4)：316.
[37]张兴贵,何立国等.青少年人格、人口学变量与主观幸福感的关系模型[J].心理发展与教育.2007,1：48-55
[38]郑雪,严标宾等.广州大学生主观幸福感研究[J].心理学探新.2001,21(4)：46-50.
[39]刘启刚,李飞.认知情绪调节策略在大学生生活事件和生活满意度间的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志[J],2007,15(4)：397-398
[40]刘启刚.认知情绪调节策略在大学生生活实践和生活满意度间的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志[J].2007,15(4)：397-398
[41]王力,张厚粲,李中权等.成人依恋、情绪调节与主观幸福感：重新评价和表达抑制的中介作用.心理学探新[J],2007,3：91-96
[42]黄大庆,陈蒲晶,陈英和.研究生情绪调节的认知策略调查中国临床心理学杂志[J].2008年第16卷第4期