基于遥感方法的松花湖流域植被覆盖度估算
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摘要
植被作为生态系统中物质循环与能量循环的中枢,在物种的生存与延续中有着至关重要的作用,植被覆盖的状况在很大程度上反映了区域生态环境的现状。松花湖流域是我省重要的饮用水源地和国家级自然保护区,流域内植被覆盖状况的研究,对保护生态、环境、经济和社会的发展具有非常重要的意义。
本文利用遥感方法,选取植被作为研究对象,基于归一化差值植被指数(NormalDeference Vegetation Idex,NDVI),建立像元二分模型来计算植被覆盖度。
本文研究内容主要由以下几部分组成:介绍了研究的目的和意义、植被覆盖度的遥感监测方法以及本文基于植被指数(NDVI)建立像元二分模型的原因。在数据处理过程中,以Landsat TM/ETM+为数据源,运用了ERDAS、MAPGIS、ARCGIS和ENVI遥感图像处理软件和PHOTOSHOP图像处理软件,对松花湖流域2000年和2006年两期遥感图像资料处理和分析并进行了植被覆盖度的提取。然后对计算出来的植被覆盖度图像执行非监督分类之后制作分级显示图,分别赋予不同的颜色进行对比分析。在此基础上得出松花湖流域2000年~2006年的植被覆盖变化特征,提出了不同覆盖地区植被保护的建议方法,为该区域进一步采取有针对性的保护措施提供了科学依据。
Monitoring vegetation fraction changes by remote sensing ,which can provide scientific basis for the regional ecological construction and sustainable development,is an important part for regional ecological monitoring.Vegetation coverage as a significant index for measuring land vegetation cover is a primary parameter for the ecosystem description and assessment.The research about it is benefit for monitoring the regional vegetation fraction and natural ecological environment conditions.
The Songhua Lake basin which is located in the central south of Jilin Province,is the crucial hydro-junction area of our province.The basin has three lakes national nature reserves of Jilin Songhua River.And there are many species of wild plants and animals in there,many of which are national protected species and endangered species.So it is essential to protect the existing ecological environment.Therefore,the research of Vegetation coverage of SongHua lake has great realistic meaning.
The purpose of this study is to calculat the vegetation coverage of SongHua lake by the remote-sensing methods.It mainly includes:
Firstly,the paper applied some methods for monitoring vegetation coverage by remote sensing technique.Among these methods, dimidiate model with the characteristics of wide application scope and does not depend on the real-test data can well reflect the vegetation coverage of the research areas in the macro.Thus we can grasp vegetation changes’state quickly,accurately and conveniently.The study selected Dimidiate model which was established based on Normal Deference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to complete calculative process.
Secondly , the paper introduced the research progress of vegetation index ,comprehensive analysed the reasons for selectted NDVI,then presented the principle of dimidiate pixel method in detail and combined with vegetation index to give the calculation model of vegetation fraction.
Next,taking 2000 and 2006 year’s Landsat TM/ETM+ as data source,we calculated the vegetation coverage.
Durning the calculation process, because the research data were got from different places,at different times and different types of sensors, before NDVI’s calculation,we converted image DN(Digital Number)into corresponding target spectral radiance value through reflectivity calculation.Then we got parameters that used to calculate vegetation coverage by probability statistics the results,after that took them into dimidiate pixel model to calculate.
In order to make the image of the vegetation coverage easy to analyze and compare,and make it intuitively reflect vegetation-covered condition of vegetation distribution among different coverage during the period, this paper adopt the unsupervised classification in ERDAS to classify the final gray image of vegetation fraction.For its own needs,the classified image would be further classified into five categories and assigned different colors. According to the classification results,the number of pixels weights of the SongHua lake basin‘s vegetation coverage in each grade were statistics.Based on it the characteristics of the SongHua lake vegetation variation in 2000 ~ 2006 was analysised.
Finally,it was on the basis of calculative process and results analysis that we drew the conclusion and gave some suggestions.
Through calculation we knew within the whole valley,compared with 2000,the 2006 vegetation coverage showed an up trend.But when the vegetation coverage between0.8 and 1,we found it degenerated in the Huifa river area;when vegetation coverage between 0 and 0.6,vegetation coverage of 2006 is better than 2000.While when the vegetation coverage between 0.6 and 1,vegetation coverage condition of 2006 is worsen than 2000.In a word,in the study area, the vegetation fraction is degenerating.
The study provided reliable scientific data for evaluating the vegetation coverage.Meanwhile,it provided scientific evidence for taking more pertinent measures to protect the vegetation within the basin.
本文利用遥感方法,选取植被作为研究对象,基于归一化差值植被指数(NormalDeference Vegetation Idex,NDVI),建立像元二分模型来计算植被覆盖度。
本文研究内容主要由以下几部分组成:介绍了研究的目的和意义、植被覆盖度的遥感监测方法以及本文基于植被指数(NDVI)建立像元二分模型的原因。在数据处理过程中,以Landsat TM/ETM+为数据源,运用了ERDAS、MAPGIS、ARCGIS和ENVI遥感图像处理软件和PHOTOSHOP图像处理软件,对松花湖流域2000年和2006年两期遥感图像资料处理和分析并进行了植被覆盖度的提取。然后对计算出来的植被覆盖度图像执行非监督分类之后制作分级显示图,分别赋予不同的颜色进行对比分析。在此基础上得出松花湖流域2000年~2006年的植被覆盖变化特征,提出了不同覆盖地区植被保护的建议方法,为该区域进一步采取有针对性的保护措施提供了科学依据。
Monitoring vegetation fraction changes by remote sensing ,which can provide scientific basis for the regional ecological construction and sustainable development,is an important part for regional ecological monitoring.Vegetation coverage as a significant index for measuring land vegetation cover is a primary parameter for the ecosystem description and assessment.The research about it is benefit for monitoring the regional vegetation fraction and natural ecological environment conditions.
The Songhua Lake basin which is located in the central south of Jilin Province,is the crucial hydro-junction area of our province.The basin has three lakes national nature reserves of Jilin Songhua River.And there are many species of wild plants and animals in there,many of which are national protected species and endangered species.So it is essential to protect the existing ecological environment.Therefore,the research of Vegetation coverage of SongHua lake has great realistic meaning.
The purpose of this study is to calculat the vegetation coverage of SongHua lake by the remote-sensing methods.It mainly includes:
Firstly,the paper applied some methods for monitoring vegetation coverage by remote sensing technique.Among these methods, dimidiate model with the characteristics of wide application scope and does not depend on the real-test data can well reflect the vegetation coverage of the research areas in the macro.Thus we can grasp vegetation changes’state quickly,accurately and conveniently.The study selected Dimidiate model which was established based on Normal Deference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to complete calculative process.
Secondly , the paper introduced the research progress of vegetation index ,comprehensive analysed the reasons for selectted NDVI,then presented the principle of dimidiate pixel method in detail and combined with vegetation index to give the calculation model of vegetation fraction.
Next,taking 2000 and 2006 year’s Landsat TM/ETM+ as data source,we calculated the vegetation coverage.
Durning the calculation process, because the research data were got from different places,at different times and different types of sensors, before NDVI’s calculation,we converted image DN(Digital Number)into corresponding target spectral radiance value through reflectivity calculation.Then we got parameters that used to calculate vegetation coverage by probability statistics the results,after that took them into dimidiate pixel model to calculate.
In order to make the image of the vegetation coverage easy to analyze and compare,and make it intuitively reflect vegetation-covered condition of vegetation distribution among different coverage during the period, this paper adopt the unsupervised classification in ERDAS to classify the final gray image of vegetation fraction.For its own needs,the classified image would be further classified into five categories and assigned different colors. According to the classification results,the number of pixels weights of the SongHua lake basin‘s vegetation coverage in each grade were statistics.Based on it the characteristics of the SongHua lake vegetation variation in 2000 ~ 2006 was analysised.
Finally,it was on the basis of calculative process and results analysis that we drew the conclusion and gave some suggestions.
Through calculation we knew within the whole valley,compared with 2000,the 2006 vegetation coverage showed an up trend.But when the vegetation coverage between0.8 and 1,we found it degenerated in the Huifa river area;when vegetation coverage between 0 and 0.6,vegetation coverage of 2006 is better than 2000.While when the vegetation coverage between 0.6 and 1,vegetation coverage condition of 2006 is worsen than 2000.In a word,in the study area, the vegetation fraction is degenerating.
The study provided reliable scientific data for evaluating the vegetation coverage.Meanwhile,it provided scientific evidence for taking more pertinent measures to protect the vegetation within the basin.
引文
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[5]陈晋,陈云浩,何春阳等.基于土地覆盖分类的植被覆盖率估算亚像元模型与应用[J].遥感学报,2001,5(6):416-422.
[6]张云霞,李晓兵,陈云浩.草地植被覆盖度的多尺度遥感与实地测量方法综述[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(l):85-93.
[7]马超飞,马建文,布和敖斯尔.USLE模型中植被覆盖因子的遥感数据定量估算[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):6-9.
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