钛铝合金表面涂层工艺与高温抗氧化性能的试验研究
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摘要
TiAl金属间化合物合金(简称TiAl合金)由于其密度低,比强度和比刚度高,是航空、航天飞行器理想的新型高温结构材料。室温塑性差的问题已通过添加合金元素和显微组织调控等手段基本得到解决,进一步提高其高温抗氧化性能已成为需要重点研究解决的问题之一。本文研究了几种不同工艺方法制备的表面涂层对TiAl合金抗高温氧化性能的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层氧化前后的表面形貌、微观组织及相组成,并结合氧化动力学曲线对各种涂层高温氧化机理进行了探讨。
(1).研究了双层辉光离子渗Cr层高温氧化行为,结果表明,经过高温氧化后渗Cr层表面生成了一层致密的Cr2O3氧化膜,虽然在长期氧化过程中存在氧化膜局部剥落现象,但新的Cr2O3氧化膜会很快重新生成,因此渗Cr层具有良好的高温抗氧化性能。
(2).研究了等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂-激光重熔复合工艺对NiCoCrAl-Y2O3涂层高温抗氧化性能的影响,结果表明,喷涂层组织疏松多孔,有微裂纹等缺陷,经过激光重熔后,涂层组织较均匀致密,并使涂层与基体的结合由机械结合转变为冶金结合,抗氧化性要明显优于喷涂层。
(3).研究了等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂-激光重熔复合工艺制备的常规和纳米结构热障涂层的高温抗氧化性能,结果表明,在相同材料下,激光重熔热障涂层的高温抗氧化性能要优于等离子喷涂热障涂层;在相同工艺下,纳米结构热障涂层高温抗氧化性要优于常规热障涂层,但纳米结构热障涂层相对常规热障涂层高温抗氧化性提高效果并不显著。
TiAl intermetallics alloys (TiAl alloy for short) are new type high temperature structural materials applied for aerospace and aircraft industries because of their low density, high strength and good creep resistance. The problem of poor ductility of these materials at room temperature has been mostly solved by alloying and microstructure controlling. Thus the problem of farther improving high-temperature oxidation resistance has become one of the most important research subjects. In this paper, high-temperature oxidation resistance of several coatings fabricated by different techniques on TiAl alloy was researched. The surface morphology, microstructure and phase of the coatings before and after oxidation were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The oxidation mechanism of the different coatings was also disscused based on the oxidation kinetics, oxides morphology and microstructure, etc.
(1). High-temperature oxidation behavior of double glow plasma surface chromized layers was studied. The results showed that a compact Cr2O3 oxide film was formed on the surface of the chromized layer after high-temperature oxidation. Although the oxide layer appeared local spalling phenomenon after a long-term oxidation, a new Cr2O3 layer can be reformed soon. Therefore, the chromized layer had a good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
(2). High-temperature oxidation resistance of NiCoCrAl-Y2O3 coatings prepared by the technologies of the plasma spraying and plasma spraying-laser remelting was analyzed. The results showed that plasma-sprayed NiCoCrAl-Y2O3 coating had some defects, such as loose, porous and microcrack. The coating had a higher compactness, the lamellar structure of plasma-sparyed coating was eliminated and the bond state between the coating and substrate became metallurgical combination from mechanical combination after laser remelting. So the laser-remelted sample had better high- temperature oxidation resistance than the plasma-sprayed coating did.
(3) High-temperature oxidation behavior of conventional and nanostructured thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) obtained by the techniques of the plasma spraying and plasma spraying-laser remelting was evaluated. The results showed that to the same material, the high temperature oxidation resistance of the laser-remelted TBCs was better than the plasma-sprayed TBCs’. To the same technologies, the high temperature oxidation resistance of the nanostructured TBCs was better than the conventional TBCs’, but the improving effect was not significant.
(1).研究了双层辉光离子渗Cr层高温氧化行为,结果表明,经过高温氧化后渗Cr层表面生成了一层致密的Cr2O3氧化膜,虽然在长期氧化过程中存在氧化膜局部剥落现象,但新的Cr2O3氧化膜会很快重新生成,因此渗Cr层具有良好的高温抗氧化性能。
(2).研究了等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂-激光重熔复合工艺对NiCoCrAl-Y2O3涂层高温抗氧化性能的影响,结果表明,喷涂层组织疏松多孔,有微裂纹等缺陷,经过激光重熔后,涂层组织较均匀致密,并使涂层与基体的结合由机械结合转变为冶金结合,抗氧化性要明显优于喷涂层。
(3).研究了等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂-激光重熔复合工艺制备的常规和纳米结构热障涂层的高温抗氧化性能,结果表明,在相同材料下,激光重熔热障涂层的高温抗氧化性能要优于等离子喷涂热障涂层;在相同工艺下,纳米结构热障涂层高温抗氧化性要优于常规热障涂层,但纳米结构热障涂层相对常规热障涂层高温抗氧化性提高效果并不显著。
TiAl intermetallics alloys (TiAl alloy for short) are new type high temperature structural materials applied for aerospace and aircraft industries because of their low density, high strength and good creep resistance. The problem of poor ductility of these materials at room temperature has been mostly solved by alloying and microstructure controlling. Thus the problem of farther improving high-temperature oxidation resistance has become one of the most important research subjects. In this paper, high-temperature oxidation resistance of several coatings fabricated by different techniques on TiAl alloy was researched. The surface morphology, microstructure and phase of the coatings before and after oxidation were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The oxidation mechanism of the different coatings was also disscused based on the oxidation kinetics, oxides morphology and microstructure, etc.
(1). High-temperature oxidation behavior of double glow plasma surface chromized layers was studied. The results showed that a compact Cr2O3 oxide film was formed on the surface of the chromized layer after high-temperature oxidation. Although the oxide layer appeared local spalling phenomenon after a long-term oxidation, a new Cr2O3 layer can be reformed soon. Therefore, the chromized layer had a good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
(2). High-temperature oxidation resistance of NiCoCrAl-Y2O3 coatings prepared by the technologies of the plasma spraying and plasma spraying-laser remelting was analyzed. The results showed that plasma-sprayed NiCoCrAl-Y2O3 coating had some defects, such as loose, porous and microcrack. The coating had a higher compactness, the lamellar structure of plasma-sparyed coating was eliminated and the bond state between the coating and substrate became metallurgical combination from mechanical combination after laser remelting. So the laser-remelted sample had better high- temperature oxidation resistance than the plasma-sprayed coating did.
(3) High-temperature oxidation behavior of conventional and nanostructured thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) obtained by the techniques of the plasma spraying and plasma spraying-laser remelting was evaluated. The results showed that to the same material, the high temperature oxidation resistance of the laser-remelted TBCs was better than the plasma-sprayed TBCs’. To the same technologies, the high temperature oxidation resistance of the nanostructured TBCs was better than the conventional TBCs’, but the improving effect was not significant.
引文
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[12].彭超群,黄伯云,贺跃辉.热处理对TiAl合金相变和显微组织的影响[J].材料科学与工艺, 2002, 10(3), 331~336.
[13].关山,张琦,吴隽贤等. Ti-Al系金属间化合物的抗高温氧化技术[J].腐蚀与防护, 2000, 21(6): 263~268.
[14].张继.铸造TiAl合金组织细化及特定部件组织设计研究[博士学位论文],北京:钢铁研究总院, 1996.
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[17]. L Credic, M Latanovic, W D Munz. Plasma nitriding of titanium and Ti-Al coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 1993, 61(1-3): 338~345.
[18]. Y G Zhang, X Y Li, C Q Chen, et al. The influence of Nb ion implantation upon oxidation behavior and hardness of a Ti-48at.% Al alloys[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 1998,100-101(1-3): 214~218.
[19]. M Yoshihara, T Suzuki and R Tanaka. Improvement of oxidation resistance for TiAl by surface treatment under a low partial pressure oxygen atmosphere and Al diffusion coatings[J]. The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan International, 1991, 31(10): 1201~1206.
[20].郑传林,徐重. TiAl金属间化合物高温抗氧化研究进展[J].材料导报, 2002, 16(11): 14~16.
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