攀枝花钒钛产业园规划中的空间决策支持研究
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摘要
攀枝花作为西部典型山地资源型城市,资源开发与城市规划建设的矛盾十分突出。为提高攀枝花城市竞争力和区域竞争力,科学合理地规划城市发展的未来空间格局,分析判断优势产业集群发展对区域经济的联动影响,提出山地资源型城市转型的可行方案和决策依据,是本文开展空间决策支持研究的重要意义。
从实践地方到四川省委省政府的战略部署考虑,在攀枝花钒钛产业园区软硬件环境已具雏形的前提下,进一步实施现有园区规划和制定区域协调发展对策,实现园区近十年的规划建设目标,决策者还将面临如下问题:(1)建设绿色生态园区缺乏新颖可行的空间规划方法,(2)环境影响与规划缺乏系统的空间尺度评价依据,(3)产业集群与区域经济发展规划缺乏空间决策依据。因此,从广义角度来看,对主导产业特色鲜明的工业园区,宏观规划决策应当放眼于园区的整体空间结构、区域环境承载与影响、以园区主要企业为龙头的产业集群对区域经济增长的辐射影响和带动作用。
从微观尺度、中小尺度,到宏观尺度的有机组合,本文致力于解决由局部到整体的空间规划决策问题。以GIS为空间决策问题的主要解决手段,结合城市规划、生态环境、经济地理等多学科方法,依次完成了空间结构规划、空间环境规划和空间决策规划三项有关决策支持的研究。主要工作和成果如下:
针对攀枝花钒钛产业园现有规划控制方案在生态工业园建设过程中表现出适应性方面的不足,提出在S2N的交通网和绿地网之上,纳入高程、坡度、山体状况等构成垂直方向的网络,形成山地环境下空间三维EIP规划框架,并对钒钛产业空间规划进行了优化重构。首先,在交通网的规划布局中采用了节点重要度模型;在绿地网的规划布局中采用景观生态学中关于构建景观格局的经典做法:斑-廊-基结构;垂直网络构建中综合分析了高程、坡度、坡向,山体状况,研究其对园区用地竖向设计、道路选线等工作的影响。其次,分析了园区企业的生态产业链,结合地形地貌特征及钒钛产业园的四大主导产业:钒钛、化工、电冶、钢铁,对四大组团布局进行了规划。在网络的构建过程中采用GIS技术,克服了传统的CAD规划对空间信息分析能力不足的缺陷。最后,通过规划决策方案的讨论,从空间规划与产业规划的统一、入园企业的绿色选择与生态产业链的改造与整合、园区水土流失和地质灾害防治、数字园区的建设等给出了钒钛产业园空间规划的对策建议。
通过对攀枝花市东区、西区、仁和区生态承载力进行分析得出:东区的生态承载力最高;西区和东区的生态承受力相当;仁和区生态承载受力最差,生态承受度和生态弹性度不高,目前其生态压力也低。认为随着金江镇及仁和区城市化进程的加快、钒钛产业园的迅速扩张,仁和区生态环境压力度会不断加大,将对该区生态环境产生巨大的影响。为提高仁和区生态承载力,提出在保持耕地红线的基础上,提高固体废弃物综合利用率;在压力度方面,在进行金江城镇化建设和钒钛产业园建设的过程中要注意节水,提高水资源的利用率;同时进一步提高三产比例。利用单项指数法数学模型对攀枝花钒钛产业园区水环境质量、大气环境质量、声环境质量、土壤环境质量进行评价,对攀枝花钒钛产业园区环境质量进行预测,利用预测结果进行了决策支持分析,分别提出了各项污染的环境控制对策。最后,根据景观生态学原理,提出钒钛产业园结构与功能是相匹配的观点。为了发挥区域生态整体设计对各产业园内各项目区生态功能的重要反馈作用,调控人为干扰对园区周边地区自然生态环境的影响,从生态依托区和生态学设计、防护林工程和绿地系统的树种选型、移民安置和生态承载能力、入园项目的环境风险评价四个方面对钒钛产业园区生态建设提出保护对策,为进行产业园环境空间决策支持提供规划依据。
基于增长极理论,从经济走势与产业结构、政府导向与政策支持力度、园区的选址区位和交通条件、城市空间结构与城市职能转变等方面,对攀枝花钒钛产业集群的发展优势条件进行综合评价。依据西南五省(四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏)2009年1∶25万基础地理信息数据库的公路网络数据,选取与攀枝花地区联系较为密切的31个市县抽象为道路网络中的节点,据“引力模型”测算各地区对攀枝花市经济联系量;再通过回归分析确定经济联系强度及其决定系数。研究发现,与攀枝花之间拟合效果很好的是凉山彝族自治州、昆明市、玉溪市、曲靖市等城市,他们在接轨攀枝花市的过程中占据了相对的优势。基于“衰减因子”的经济辐射半径分析,得出攀枝花市的辐射半径几乎覆盖了云南省的绝大部分城市和四川省的大部分城市,形成了经济上相互联系、相互影响的特定经济区域。研究结果为进一步开展攀枝花市及其特色产业集群的发展决策研究提供了空间定量的运筹学基础。最后,为响应建设国家级攀西战略资源创新开发示范区的战略部署,加快攀枝花及其钒钛产业集群形成区域经济增长极的发展速度,从交通物流改造和区域交通枢纽建设、优化投资结构与资源型城市转型等角度对攀枝花及其钒钛产业集群发展决策进行了讨论。
Panzhihua city, as a typical western mountain resources type of city, the contradiction of resource development and urban planning or construction is very conspicuous. The important significance of this paper to develop spatial decision support research is to enhance regional competitivenes of Panzhihua city, to plan the future urban development spatial pattern scientifically and rationally, to analyze and judge the affect of advantageous industrial clusters to regional economic, and to make feasible options and decision-making for the role transformation of mountain resources-based type of city.
Considering to relealize the strategy of local government and provincial government, in order to implement the existing parks planning and regional development strategy and achieve construction goal for the next ten years, policy-makers will face the following issues: (1) The EIP construction lacks feasible spatial planning method; (2) The environmental influence and plan lacks systematic evaluation in variable spatial scale; (3) Industry cluster and regional economic development planning lack spatial decision. From the broad perspective, for the industrial park having leading industries, macro-planning decisions should consider the integrated spatial structure, regional carrying capacity and influence of environment, the effects that the industrial clusters with the main business in the parks as the leading role bring to the regional economic growth.
From micro scale, medium scale to marco scale, this paper take GIS as the main ways tosolve spatial decision problem, to combine the urban planning, ecological environmental, economic geography. It accomplished spatial structure planning, spatial environment planning and spatial decision planning research that interrelate to decision support, the main achievements are the following:
Considering the shortage of existing planning of Vanadium-Titanium (V-Ti) industrial parks in the process of EIP construction, this paper put forward a way to optimize and reconstruct the spatial planning using S2N. In addition to the traffic network and green network, it adopts elevation, slope, aspect, mountain situation to make up vertical network and form mountain enviroment 3D EIP planning framework. Firstly, in the traffic network planning, this paper adopt node importance model; in the green network planning, this paper adopt classical approach of landscape ecology: Patch-corridor-matrix; in the vertical network construction, this paper analyze the influence that the elevation, slope, aspect, mountain situation bring to the vertical planning of land using, road selecting. Secondly, considering the topography and the four leading industries in the park concluding V-Ti, Chemical, electrometallurgy and steel, this paper analyze the industry chain of the enterprise in the park and plan the four group layout pattern. In the course of network construction, It use GIS technology, overcome the shortage of the traditional CAD ways to analyze spatial information. Finally, this paper give suggestions about the V-Ti industrial park spatial planning on the unification of spatial and industry planning, the choice of enterprise and ecological industry chain transformation and integration, prevention of soil erosion and geological disasters, and construction of digital industrial park.
For the carrying capacity of the ecological environment evaluation, according to analysis of 2002-2007 Panzhihua socioeconomic data using PCA method, this paper find: Eastern district and western district has a highest carrying capacity of the ecological environment, Renhe district has a worst carrying capacity of the ecological environment and a low pressure of ecological environment. With the accelerating process of Jinjiang town and Renhe district urbanization and the rapid expansion of V-Ti industrial parks, the pressure degree of Renhe district ecological environment will continue to increase, and bring great impact to the Renhe district ecological environment. In order to improve the carrying capacity of the Renhe district ecological environment, it should improve comprehensive utilization of solid waste on the foundation of maintain the land red line. During the process of V-Ti industrial parks construction, it should improve the utilization of water resources and improve the proportion of third industry. Secondly, using single index model evaluate the water environmental quality, air environmental quality, acoustic environmental quality, soil environmental quality of Panzhihua V-Ti industrial parks, this paper predict the environmental quality of the parks, provide decision support analysis and the policy of controling environment pollution. Finally, according to principles of landscape ecology, it propose that V-Ti Industrial Park should match the structure and function. In order to play an important feedback role that the overall regional ecological functions design to the the project area of the eco-industrial park, regulating human disturbance around the park natural environment, this paper put forward suggestings on eco-building of the park from four aspects that ecological relying areas and ecological design, species selection of shelterbelt engineering and green space systems, resettlement and ecological carrying capacity, the park project's environmental risk assessment, which provides a basis for spatial planning decision making of the park.
Based on growth pole theory, this paper evaluate the advantages conditions of industrial clusters development covered economic trends and government guidance and policy support, park location and traffic conditions, urban spatial structure and the change of various urban functions. Secondly, based on the basic geographic information database of road network data in five southwestern provinces (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunan, Tibet) at the scale of 1: 250000 on 2009, it select more closely linked with the Panzhihua region of 31 cities and counties as the abstract node for the road network. According to gravity model to calculate various regional economic ties on the amount of Panzhihua City, and through regression analysis to determine strength of economic ties and the coefficient of determination. The result showed that the effect of a good fit between Panzhihua is the Liangshan, Kunming, Yuxi City, Qujing City, in the integration process of Panzhihua City take a comparative advantage. Thirdly, based on the attenuation factor radiation radius of the economic analysis, it obtained the radius of Panzhihua City in Yunnan Province covers almost the majority of cities and most cities in Sichuan Province, formed economically interrelated effects of specific economic region. Finally, In response to the goal of building of national innovation and development of strategic resources, and speed up the Panzhihua V-Ti Industrial Clusters and regional economic growth pole of the growth rate, this paper provide the suggestions on V-Ti industrial cluster development decision-making that releted the transport logistics transformation and regional transport hub, optimize investment structure and resource-based type of city transformation.
从实践地方到四川省委省政府的战略部署考虑,在攀枝花钒钛产业园区软硬件环境已具雏形的前提下,进一步实施现有园区规划和制定区域协调发展对策,实现园区近十年的规划建设目标,决策者还将面临如下问题:(1)建设绿色生态园区缺乏新颖可行的空间规划方法,(2)环境影响与规划缺乏系统的空间尺度评价依据,(3)产业集群与区域经济发展规划缺乏空间决策依据。因此,从广义角度来看,对主导产业特色鲜明的工业园区,宏观规划决策应当放眼于园区的整体空间结构、区域环境承载与影响、以园区主要企业为龙头的产业集群对区域经济增长的辐射影响和带动作用。
从微观尺度、中小尺度,到宏观尺度的有机组合,本文致力于解决由局部到整体的空间规划决策问题。以GIS为空间决策问题的主要解决手段,结合城市规划、生态环境、经济地理等多学科方法,依次完成了空间结构规划、空间环境规划和空间决策规划三项有关决策支持的研究。主要工作和成果如下:
针对攀枝花钒钛产业园现有规划控制方案在生态工业园建设过程中表现出适应性方面的不足,提出在S2N的交通网和绿地网之上,纳入高程、坡度、山体状况等构成垂直方向的网络,形成山地环境下空间三维EIP规划框架,并对钒钛产业空间规划进行了优化重构。首先,在交通网的规划布局中采用了节点重要度模型;在绿地网的规划布局中采用景观生态学中关于构建景观格局的经典做法:斑-廊-基结构;垂直网络构建中综合分析了高程、坡度、坡向,山体状况,研究其对园区用地竖向设计、道路选线等工作的影响。其次,分析了园区企业的生态产业链,结合地形地貌特征及钒钛产业园的四大主导产业:钒钛、化工、电冶、钢铁,对四大组团布局进行了规划。在网络的构建过程中采用GIS技术,克服了传统的CAD规划对空间信息分析能力不足的缺陷。最后,通过规划决策方案的讨论,从空间规划与产业规划的统一、入园企业的绿色选择与生态产业链的改造与整合、园区水土流失和地质灾害防治、数字园区的建设等给出了钒钛产业园空间规划的对策建议。
通过对攀枝花市东区、西区、仁和区生态承载力进行分析得出:东区的生态承载力最高;西区和东区的生态承受力相当;仁和区生态承载受力最差,生态承受度和生态弹性度不高,目前其生态压力也低。认为随着金江镇及仁和区城市化进程的加快、钒钛产业园的迅速扩张,仁和区生态环境压力度会不断加大,将对该区生态环境产生巨大的影响。为提高仁和区生态承载力,提出在保持耕地红线的基础上,提高固体废弃物综合利用率;在压力度方面,在进行金江城镇化建设和钒钛产业园建设的过程中要注意节水,提高水资源的利用率;同时进一步提高三产比例。利用单项指数法数学模型对攀枝花钒钛产业园区水环境质量、大气环境质量、声环境质量、土壤环境质量进行评价,对攀枝花钒钛产业园区环境质量进行预测,利用预测结果进行了决策支持分析,分别提出了各项污染的环境控制对策。最后,根据景观生态学原理,提出钒钛产业园结构与功能是相匹配的观点。为了发挥区域生态整体设计对各产业园内各项目区生态功能的重要反馈作用,调控人为干扰对园区周边地区自然生态环境的影响,从生态依托区和生态学设计、防护林工程和绿地系统的树种选型、移民安置和生态承载能力、入园项目的环境风险评价四个方面对钒钛产业园区生态建设提出保护对策,为进行产业园环境空间决策支持提供规划依据。
基于增长极理论,从经济走势与产业结构、政府导向与政策支持力度、园区的选址区位和交通条件、城市空间结构与城市职能转变等方面,对攀枝花钒钛产业集群的发展优势条件进行综合评价。依据西南五省(四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏)2009年1∶25万基础地理信息数据库的公路网络数据,选取与攀枝花地区联系较为密切的31个市县抽象为道路网络中的节点,据“引力模型”测算各地区对攀枝花市经济联系量;再通过回归分析确定经济联系强度及其决定系数。研究发现,与攀枝花之间拟合效果很好的是凉山彝族自治州、昆明市、玉溪市、曲靖市等城市,他们在接轨攀枝花市的过程中占据了相对的优势。基于“衰减因子”的经济辐射半径分析,得出攀枝花市的辐射半径几乎覆盖了云南省的绝大部分城市和四川省的大部分城市,形成了经济上相互联系、相互影响的特定经济区域。研究结果为进一步开展攀枝花市及其特色产业集群的发展决策研究提供了空间定量的运筹学基础。最后,为响应建设国家级攀西战略资源创新开发示范区的战略部署,加快攀枝花及其钒钛产业集群形成区域经济增长极的发展速度,从交通物流改造和区域交通枢纽建设、优化投资结构与资源型城市转型等角度对攀枝花及其钒钛产业集群发展决策进行了讨论。
Panzhihua city, as a typical western mountain resources type of city, the contradiction of resource development and urban planning or construction is very conspicuous. The important significance of this paper to develop spatial decision support research is to enhance regional competitivenes of Panzhihua city, to plan the future urban development spatial pattern scientifically and rationally, to analyze and judge the affect of advantageous industrial clusters to regional economic, and to make feasible options and decision-making for the role transformation of mountain resources-based type of city.
Considering to relealize the strategy of local government and provincial government, in order to implement the existing parks planning and regional development strategy and achieve construction goal for the next ten years, policy-makers will face the following issues: (1) The EIP construction lacks feasible spatial planning method; (2) The environmental influence and plan lacks systematic evaluation in variable spatial scale; (3) Industry cluster and regional economic development planning lack spatial decision. From the broad perspective, for the industrial park having leading industries, macro-planning decisions should consider the integrated spatial structure, regional carrying capacity and influence of environment, the effects that the industrial clusters with the main business in the parks as the leading role bring to the regional economic growth.
From micro scale, medium scale to marco scale, this paper take GIS as the main ways tosolve spatial decision problem, to combine the urban planning, ecological environmental, economic geography. It accomplished spatial structure planning, spatial environment planning and spatial decision planning research that interrelate to decision support, the main achievements are the following:
Considering the shortage of existing planning of Vanadium-Titanium (V-Ti) industrial parks in the process of EIP construction, this paper put forward a way to optimize and reconstruct the spatial planning using S2N. In addition to the traffic network and green network, it adopts elevation, slope, aspect, mountain situation to make up vertical network and form mountain enviroment 3D EIP planning framework. Firstly, in the traffic network planning, this paper adopt node importance model; in the green network planning, this paper adopt classical approach of landscape ecology: Patch-corridor-matrix; in the vertical network construction, this paper analyze the influence that the elevation, slope, aspect, mountain situation bring to the vertical planning of land using, road selecting. Secondly, considering the topography and the four leading industries in the park concluding V-Ti, Chemical, electrometallurgy and steel, this paper analyze the industry chain of the enterprise in the park and plan the four group layout pattern. In the course of network construction, It use GIS technology, overcome the shortage of the traditional CAD ways to analyze spatial information. Finally, this paper give suggestions about the V-Ti industrial park spatial planning on the unification of spatial and industry planning, the choice of enterprise and ecological industry chain transformation and integration, prevention of soil erosion and geological disasters, and construction of digital industrial park.
For the carrying capacity of the ecological environment evaluation, according to analysis of 2002-2007 Panzhihua socioeconomic data using PCA method, this paper find: Eastern district and western district has a highest carrying capacity of the ecological environment, Renhe district has a worst carrying capacity of the ecological environment and a low pressure of ecological environment. With the accelerating process of Jinjiang town and Renhe district urbanization and the rapid expansion of V-Ti industrial parks, the pressure degree of Renhe district ecological environment will continue to increase, and bring great impact to the Renhe district ecological environment. In order to improve the carrying capacity of the Renhe district ecological environment, it should improve comprehensive utilization of solid waste on the foundation of maintain the land red line. During the process of V-Ti industrial parks construction, it should improve the utilization of water resources and improve the proportion of third industry. Secondly, using single index model evaluate the water environmental quality, air environmental quality, acoustic environmental quality, soil environmental quality of Panzhihua V-Ti industrial parks, this paper predict the environmental quality of the parks, provide decision support analysis and the policy of controling environment pollution. Finally, according to principles of landscape ecology, it propose that V-Ti Industrial Park should match the structure and function. In order to play an important feedback role that the overall regional ecological functions design to the the project area of the eco-industrial park, regulating human disturbance around the park natural environment, this paper put forward suggestings on eco-building of the park from four aspects that ecological relying areas and ecological design, species selection of shelterbelt engineering and green space systems, resettlement and ecological carrying capacity, the park project's environmental risk assessment, which provides a basis for spatial planning decision making of the park.
Based on growth pole theory, this paper evaluate the advantages conditions of industrial clusters development covered economic trends and government guidance and policy support, park location and traffic conditions, urban spatial structure and the change of various urban functions. Secondly, based on the basic geographic information database of road network data in five southwestern provinces (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunan, Tibet) at the scale of 1: 250000 on 2009, it select more closely linked with the Panzhihua region of 31 cities and counties as the abstract node for the road network. According to gravity model to calculate various regional economic ties on the amount of Panzhihua City, and through regression analysis to determine strength of economic ties and the coefficient of determination. The result showed that the effect of a good fit between Panzhihua is the Liangshan, Kunming, Yuxi City, Qujing City, in the integration process of Panzhihua City take a comparative advantage. Thirdly, based on the attenuation factor radiation radius of the economic analysis, it obtained the radius of Panzhihua City in Yunnan Province covers almost the majority of cities and most cities in Sichuan Province, formed economically interrelated effects of specific economic region. Finally, In response to the goal of building of national innovation and development of strategic resources, and speed up the Panzhihua V-Ti Industrial Clusters and regional economic growth pole of the growth rate, this paper provide the suggestions on V-Ti industrial cluster development decision-making that releted the transport logistics transformation and regional transport hub, optimize investment structure and resource-based type of city transformation.
引文
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